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Yahoo
3 days ago
- Science
- Yahoo
A Scientist's Plan to Visit a Black Hole in 100 Years Is Wild. It Might Also Work.
Here's what you'll learn when you read this story: It may be possible for a swarm of ultralight nanocrafts—propelled by a laser and traveling at a third of the speed of light—to make it to a black hole within about a century. For a spacecraft like that to reach a black hole in such a relatively short time, there would have to be a black hole 20-25 light-years from Earth, and none so close have been observed yet. Observing a black hole so close could answer questions that might warp the rules of physics. On April 10, 2019, a black hole broke the internet. The first-ever image of a black hole—starring the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy Messier 87—was published by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In an equally impressive follow-up, our own galaxy's supermassive black hole (Sagittarius A*, sometimes shortened to Sag A*) would be imaged by EHT three years later. So, we can finally see these things. What we can't yet do is send a spacecraft to one. But astrophysicist Cosimo Bambi (from Fudan University in China) has a vision. He sees a visit to a black hole happening within the next century—if we can develop a spacecraft light enough to be shot through space by a laser beam, that is. While Sag A* is a staggering 26,000 light-years from Earth, and Gaia-BH1 (the closest known stellar-mass black hole) is 1,560 light-years away, they may not be our only visitation options. Bambi thinks there could possibly be a smaller black hole hiding as close as 20 to 25 light-years away. He may be (approximately) right. While 20 light-years may be something of a stretch, in 2023, a team of researchers from the University of Padua in Italy and the University of Barcelona in Spain found that there could be stellar-mass black holes as close to Earth as 150 light-years away. These alleged black holes are thought to exist in the Hyades open cluster—a horde of stars, close in age and chemical composition, held loosely together by their gravitational pull. When the team ran simulations that were supposed to end up matching the mass and size of the cluster, the only way they could reach those numbers was by including black holes. Whether these black holes actually exist, however, remains to be proven. They will be exceedingly difficult for telescopes to observe because, as their name implies, black holes emit no light. And stellar-mass black holes lack the massive accretion disks that made it possible to image the M87 black hole and Sag A*. On top of that, even if—as Bambi suggests in a study soon to be published in the journal iScience—the closest black holes are slightly further from us than 20-25 light years away, and hypothetically could be reached by a spacecraft traveling at the speed of light over a century and a half, there is still the issue of creating a spacecraft light and fast enough to trek over there. The proposal? Micro-spacecraft with light sails. These have been proposed as a way to observe distant objects up close before—the Breakthrough Starshot initiative is looking to send a swarm of nanocrafts to the nearest star system, Alpha Centauri. And those nanocrafts are similar to what Bambi is considering. No heavier than a paperclip, these tiny space probes with microchips on board will be attached to light sails propelled by a ground-based laser. Breakthrough Starshot is aiming for speeds of up to 100 million miles an hour (a third of the speed of light), and Bambi is pushing for about the same. Spacecraft traveling at a third of the speed of light would only take 70 years to reach a black hole 20 to 25 light-years away (and data beamed back from the mission will take another two decades to reach us). If there are none that close, their next port of call would be the Hyades cluster—a journey that would take at least 420 years. Now, none of this can be done before the technology is actually developed. But Bambi thinks that the lower costs and technological advancements needed for a nanocraft swarm may actually evolve within 30 years. 'It may sound really crazy, and in a sense closer to science fiction,' he said in a recent press release. 'But people said we'd never detect gravitational waves because they're too weak. We did—100 years later. People thought we'd never observe the shadows of black holes. 'Now, 50 years later, we have images of two.' You Might Also Like The Do's and Don'ts of Using Painter's Tape The Best Portable BBQ Grills for Cooking Anywhere Can a Smart Watch Prolong Your Life?
Yahoo
3 days ago
- Science
- Yahoo
A Scientist's Plan to Visit a Black Hole in 100 Years Is Wild. It Might Also Work.
Here's what you'll learn when you read this story: It may be possible for a swarm of ultralight nanocrafts—propelled by a laser and traveling at a third of the speed of light—to make it to a black hole within about a century. For a spacecraft like that to reach a black hole in such a relatively short time, there would have to be a black hole 20-25 light-years from Earth, and none so close have been observed yet. Observing a black hole so close could answer questions that might warp the rules of physics. On April 10, 2019, a black hole broke the internet. The first-ever image of a black hole—starring the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy Messier 87—was published by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In an equally impressive follow-up, our own galaxy's supermassive black hole (Sagittarius A*, sometimes shortened to Sag A*) would be imaged by EHT three years later. So, we can finally see these things. What we can't yet do is send a spacecraft to one. But astrophysicist Cosimo Bambi (from Fudan University in China) has a vision. He sees a visit to a black hole happening within the next century—if we can develop a spacecraft light enough to be shot through space by a laser beam, that is. While Sag A* is a staggering 26,000 light-years from Earth, and Gaia-BH1 (the closest known stellar-mass black hole) is 1,560 light-years away, they may not be our only visitation options. Bambi thinks there could possibly be a smaller black hole hiding as close as 20 to 25 light-years away. He may be (approximately) right. While 20 light-years may be something of a stretch, in 2023, a team of researchers from the University of Padua in Italy and the University of Barcelona in Spain found that there could be stellar-mass black holes as close to Earth as 150 light-years away. These alleged black holes are thought to exist in the Hyades open cluster—a horde of stars, close in age and chemical composition, held loosely together by their gravitational pull. When the team ran simulations that were supposed to end up matching the mass and size of the cluster, the only way they could reach those numbers was by including black holes. Whether these black holes actually exist, however, remains to be proven. They will be exceedingly difficult for telescopes to observe because, as their name implies, black holes emit no light. And stellar-mass black holes lack the massive accretion disks that made it possible to image the M87 black hole and Sag A*. On top of that, even if—as Bambi suggests in a study soon to be published in the journal iScience—the closest black holes are slightly further from us than 20-25 light years away, and hypothetically could be reached by a spacecraft traveling at the speed of light over a century and a half, there is still the issue of creating a spacecraft light and fast enough to trek over there. The proposal? Micro-spacecraft with light sails. These have been proposed as a way to observe distant objects up close before—the Breakthrough Starshot initiative is looking to send a swarm of nanocrafts to the nearest star system, Alpha Centauri. And those nanocrafts are similar to what Bambi is considering. No heavier than a paperclip, these tiny space probes with microchips on board will be attached to light sails propelled by a ground-based laser. Breakthrough Starshot is aiming for speeds of up to 100 million miles an hour (a third of the speed of light), and Bambi is pushing for about the same. Spacecraft traveling at a third of the speed of light would only take 70 years to reach a black hole 20 to 25 light-years away (and data beamed back from the mission will take another two decades to reach us). If there are none that close, their next port of call would be the Hyades cluster—a journey that would take at least 420 years. Now, none of this can be done before the technology is actually developed. But Bambi thinks that the lower costs and technological advancements needed for a nanocraft swarm may actually evolve within 30 years. 'It may sound really crazy, and in a sense closer to science fiction,' he said in a recent press release. 'But people said we'd never detect gravitational waves because they're too weak. We did—100 years later. People thought we'd never observe the shadows of black holes. 'Now, 50 years later, we have images of two.' You Might Also Like The Do's and Don'ts of Using Painter's Tape The Best Portable BBQ Grills for Cooking Anywhere Can a Smart Watch Prolong Your Life? Solve the daily Crossword
Yahoo
21-06-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Nobel laureate concerned about AI-generated image of black hole at the center of our galaxy
When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. The monster black hole at the center of our galaxy is spinning at ear "top speed," according to a new artificial intelligence (AI) model. The model, trained partially on complex telescope data that was previously considered too noisy to be useful, aims to create the most detailed black hole images ever. However, based on the questionable quality of the data, not all experts are convinced that the AI model is accurate. "I'm very sympathetic and interested in what they're doing," Reinhard Genzel, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany and one of the winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics, told Live Science. "But artificial intelligence is not a miracle cure." For decades, scientists have been trying to observe and characterize Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the heart of our galaxy. In May 2022, they unveiled the first-ever image of this enormous object, but there were still a number of questions, such as how it behaves. Now, an international team of scientists has attempted to harness the power of AI to glean more information about Sagittarius A* from data collected by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Unlike some telescopes, the EHT doesn't reside in a single location. Rather, it is composed of several linked instruments scattered across the globe that work in tandem. The EHT uses long electromagnetic waves — up to a millimeter in length — to measure the radius of the photons surrounding a black hole. However, this technique, known as very long baseline interferometry, is very susceptible to interference from water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. This means it can be tough for researchers to make sense of the information the instruments collect. "It is very difficult to deal with data from the Event Horizon Telescope," Michael Janssen, an astrophysicist at Radboud University in the Netherlands and co-author of the study, told Live Science. "A neural network is ideally suited to solve this problem." Janssen and his team trained an AI model on EHT data that had been previously discarded for being too noisy. In other words, there was too much atmospheric static to decipher information using classical techniques. Through this AI technique, they generated a new image of Sagittarius A*'s structure, and their picture revealed some new features. For example, the black hole appears to be spinning at "almost top speed," the researchers said in a statement, and its rotational axis also seems to be pointing toward Earth. Their results were published this month in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. Pinpointing the rotational speed of Sagittarius A* would give scientists clues about how radiation behaves around supermassive black holes and offer insight into the stability of the disk of matter around it. RELATED STORIES — New view of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the Milky Way hints at an exciting hidden feature (image) — Sagittarius A* in pictures: The 1st photo of the Milky Way's monster black hole explained in images — The 1st Milky Way black hole image was groundbreaking — the next could be even better However, not everyone is convinced that the new AI is totally accurate. According to Genzel, the relatively low quality of the data going into the model could have biased it in unexpected ways. As a result, the new image may be somewhat distorted, he said, and shouldn't be taken at face value. In the future, Janssen and his team plan to apply their technique to the latest EHT data and measure it against real-world results. They hope this analysis will help to refine the model and improve future simulations. This story was provided by a sister site of
Yahoo
20-06-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
New technique promises clearer, more frequent views of black holes
When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. A powerful new technique is poised to revolutionize how astronomers observe black holes, by producing sharp, multicolored images that could reveal their dynamic evolution in real time. By compensating for Earth's turbulent atmosphere, the technique — called frequency phase transfer (FPT) — enables scientists using the global Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array to see finer details and fainter features of cosmic objects (like black holes) than ever before. This method also improves the frequency of observations by expanding the EHT's limited observation window, allowing scientists to potentially create time-lapse "movies" of black hole activity. An international team of researchers have put this new technique to the test using three of the 12 telescopes belonging to the EHT array, including the IRAM 30-meter telescope atop Pico Veleta in Spain and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and Submillimeter Array observatories in Hawai'i, according to a statement from the Center for Astrophysics at Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA). The challenge of observing the cosmos with ground-based telescopes begins with Earth's atmosphere, which distorts radio waves coming from space, according to Sara Issaoun, lead author of the new study and an astronomer with the CfA. These distortions are especially problematic at higher frequencies like the 230 gigahertz (GHz) band — also known as the millimeter band, which the EHT currently uses — where signals are rapidly scrambled by atmospheric turbulence and water vapor. As a result, data can be collected only over short time spans, limiting sensitivity and making it harder to detect faint signals. The FPT technique works by taking advantage of the fact that atmospheric variations affect different frequencies in similar ways, creating a measurable correlation. By observing at a lower frequency, specifically 86 GHz, which experiences slower atmospheric fluctuations, scientists can use that data to correct for the faster, more disruptive variations at 230 GHz. This allows for much longer averaging periods at the higher frequency, significantly boosting signal clarity and sensitivity. This leap in performance could enable the EHT to detect dimmer black holes and finer details than ever before, Issaoun told The EHT is a global network of radio telescopes that uses a technique called Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to digitally combine observations from around the world. Currently, the EHT is only operational for about 10 days each April, when weather conditions align across the widespread telescopes. With FPT, astronomers could greatly extend that window, opening up opportunities to observe black holes more regularly and flexibly, even under less-than-ideal weather conditions. That increased cadence is key to a major goal for the EHT: turning still images of black holes into movies that show how they change over time. Because most black holes evolve slowly, repeated observations are essential to track how matter swirls around them, how jets of material are launched, and how magnetic fields shift. By observing more frequently throughout the year, the EHT would be able to watch black holes change over time — potentially capturing phenomena in real time for the first time, Issaoun noted. To make this possible, telescopes in the EHT array are being upgraded to support simultaneous observations at multiple frequencies. This includes adding receivers for the 86 GHz band. However, not every telescope in the array needs to be outfitted with the new receiver for FPT to be effective. Even partial implementation can enhance the performance of the full network, since all telescopes work in tandem to build a complete picture of a cosmic target. While the required hardware upgrades are relatively minor, each telescope has unique technical constraints, posing challenges to implementation, according to Issaoun. RELATED STORIES — Event Horizon Telescope: A complete guide — Event Horizon Telescope spies jets erupting from nearby supermassive black hole — After snapping a photo of the Milky Way's monster black hole, scientists dream of videos In addition to boosting performance, this technique also adds a new layer of complexity to the images themselves. With multiple frequency bands, researchers can overlay data in different colors to reveal more detailed structures around a black hole. These multiband images will help disentangle features like swirling gas and magnetic fields, painting a more dynamic, multidimensional portrait of black hole environments. Ultimately, the FPT technique could enable the EHT to not only see black holes more clearly but also more often, unlocking a new era of black hole science. The team's initial findings were published on March 26 in The Astronomical Journal. The researchers continually work on developing the full potential of the EHT network and exploring even higher-frequency capabilities — such as 345 GHz — that can further complement multiband observations.
NDTV
19-06-2025
- Science
- NDTV
Is Our Black Hole Defying Physics? New AI Study Challenges Theories
Astronomers, using AI and high-throughput computing from the University of Wisconsin-Madison's CHTC, have unlocked new insights into Sagittarius A* - the supermassive black hole at the heart of our galaxy. By training a neural network on millions of simulations, researchers found the black hole is spinning near its maximum speed, with its axis of rotation aimed toward Earth. The findings are based on data from the Event Horizon Telescope and offer fresh understanding of black hole behaviour. The AI also suggests that the emission near the black hole is primarily from extremely hot electrons in the accretion disk rather than a jet, and that the magnetic fields in the disk behave differently than previously thought. This research, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, was made possible by high-throughput computing, a distributed computing method pioneered by Miron Livny, which allowed researchers to process a massive amount of data efficiently. "That we are defying the prevailing theory is, of course, exciting," says lead researcher Michael Janssen, of Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. "However, I see our AI and machine learning approach primarily as a first step. Next, we will improve and extend the associated models and simulations." "The ability to scale up to the millions of synthetic data files required to train the model is an impressive achievement," adds Chi-kwan Chan, an Associate Astronomer of Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona and a longtime PATh collaborator. "It requires dependable workflow automation and effective workload distribution across storage resources and processing capacity." "We are pleased to see EHT leveraging our throughput computing capabilities to bring the power of AI to their science," says Professor Anthony Gitter, a Morgridge Investigator and a PATh Co-PI. "Like in the case of other science domains, CHTC's capabilities allowed EHT researchers to assemble the quantity and quality of AI-ready data needed to train effective models that facilitate scientific discovery." The NSF-funded Open Science Pool, operated by PATh, offers computing capacity contributed by more than 80 institutions across the United States. The Event Horizon black hole project performed more than 12 million computing jobs in the past three years. "A workload that consists of millions of simulations is a perfect match for our throughput-oriented capabilities that were developed and refined over four decades", says Livny, director of the CHTC and lead investigator of PATh. "We love to collaborate with researchers who have workloads that challenge the scalability of our services."
