Latest news with #Fusarium
Time of India
12-06-2025
- Science
- Time of India
Discovery of a gold-eating fungus revolutionises the search for metals and minerals
The discovery of a surprising fungus that incorporates gold into its structure, in soil, containing trace particles of the metal, has shocked researchers. They noticed tiny bits of gold attached to the microscopic strands of the fungus. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now This discovery is highly unusual as gold rarely reacts with living organisms. Fine, thread-like filaments, called Mycelium, help fungi absorb nutrients. This fungus appears to be capable of metabolically interacting with gold in ways, once thought nearly impossible. Researchers note that because gold is so chemically inactive, this type of interaction is highly unusual and surprising. Gold-eating fungus discovered to detect underground deposits Researchers have analyzed plants, soils, and even water to locate the gold-rich areas. They think that the findings of the fungus could help geologists detect underground gold deposits through more targeted surveys. According to and his colleagues, researchers at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), observed that fungus grows faster and appears healthier when gold attaches to its cells. For centuries, gold has attracted humans for its value. Beyond its appearance, gold plays a crucial role in medical devices, smartphones, and various technologies. However, traditional gold mining poses significant environmental challenges, including massive excavation sites and water-intensive processing methods. The fungal approach offers a promising alternative, leveraging nature's processes to extract gold without extensive digging or the use of toxic chemicals, potentially easing the ecological footprint of gold production. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now What is unique about the 'gold-eating fungus' According to reports, this fungus belongs to strains similar to Fusarium oxysporum, which uses metabolic pathways to transform inorganic particles. These pathways allow gold to accumulate in or on the fungal filaments over time, utilizing mechanisms that promote gold accumulation, although researchers are still identifying the precise enzymes involved in this process. Another strain, Candida rugopelliculosa, has been observed that produces gold nanoparticles through a stress response when exposed to specific gold compounds. Scientists propose that these microorganisms release particular polysaccharides and proteins to reduce metal ions and maintain the resulting gold in a stable nanoparticle form. This biological approach could be a significant advancement for miners seeking less destructive methods to extract precious metals. Attention towards the space Mine resources on asteroids have higher metal content than that of the Earth's crust. Space agencies are exploring methods to mine resources from these mines. Some researchers are considering the idea of using microbial colonies to break down metals in space rocks. This could make space mining more efficient and lighter. Scientists are discussing how well a fungus would do in low-gravity environments with limited nutrients. If the fungus can multiply and process metals with minimal equipment, it could change how organizations plan resource extraction far from Earth. Challenges faced by the scientists Scientists are figuring that the fungus may need very particular conditions to produce gold particles efficiently. Ensuring no harmful mutations take place during large-scale fungal cultivation is also a matter of concern. Moisture, soil pH, and other minerals might influence its growth and how much gold it accumulates. The introduction of any new non-native organism to environments warrants caution, especially in the case of plants. Also read:
India.com
11-06-2025
- General
- India.com
What is agro terrorism, how dangerous it is and how will it change future wars? Is India at risk?
Representational Image/AI-generated Agro-terrorism: Terrorism is often called the scourge of the modern world which has metamorphosed into more lethal and deadlier forms, even as countries have developed security mechanisms to deal with terror threats. While terrorism based on religion, politics, and ideology, is commonplace, a new kind of terrorism has reportedly been uncovered in the United States, and has been dubbed as 'Agro-terrorism' by American law enforcement agencies. Agro-terrorism case uncovered in US According to reports, a rare case of Agro terrorism was uncovered in the US by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), leading to the arrest of two Chinese nationals. The federal investigating agency said a lethal strain of Fusarium graminearum– a fungus pathogen known to cause fusarium head blight, a destructive disease on wheat and barley– from the two Chinese citizens. The FBI believes the fungal pathogen was smuggled to the US from China, and was meant to be used as a weapon in what they call 'agricultural terrorism'. Notably, Fusarium graminearum is known to cause crop losses worth billion of dollars globally each year. What is Agro-terrorism? Agro-terrorism is a very rare and sophisticated form of terrorism in which terrorists, usually state-sponsored non-state actors, target the agriculture of a rival state by using pathogens like fungi, viruses, etc to destroy crops. These biological weapons are released into the fields in a clandestine manner, and over time cause large-scale damage to crops, even destroying entire yields. Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most lethal fungal pathogens known to man, and can cause crop failures of cereal crops like wheat, barley, maize. How Agro-terrorism could shape future wars? While rare, Agro terrorism is not unheard of during modern times. For examples, in 1943, Nazi Germany released waves of beetles of over agricultural land in Britain, causing large-scale damage to potato crops, with entire yields being lost in several cases. As per experts, Agro terrorism is designed to hurt the economy of an enemy nation, and trigger internal discord by engineering artificial food insecurity due to crop failures. Is India at risk? Even though India has emerged as a manufacturing powerhouse in recent decades, the countries largely remains an agrarian economy with nearly 43 percent of its 1.4 billion population still dependent on agriculture, according to a 2022-23 survey. Thus, Agro terrorism poses a major risk to India, as terrorists, backed by the Pakistani-state, could use this deadly method to engineer an artificial food crisis and hurt the Indian economy.
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Business Standard
10-06-2025
- Business Standard
FBI arrests 3rd Chinese national in US for smuggling biological materials
A third Chinese national has been arrested in connection with a widening investigation into the unauthorised smuggling of biological materials into the United States, FBI Director Kash Patel said on Tuesday. In a post on X, Patel confirmed that Chengxuan Han, a PhD student from Wuhan, China, was detained by agents from the FBI Detroit at Detroit Metropolitan Airport on June 8. Han stands accused of sending four packages containing biological materials related to roundworms to individuals affiliated with a laboratory at the University of Michigan. Han allegedly made false statements to federal officers about the packages and had erased her electronic device shortly before arriving in the US. In a subsequent interview with agents from the FBI and Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Homeland Security Investigations (ICE HSI), she admitted to both sending the shipments and lying about their contents. 'She is the third PRC-connected individual charged on similar allegations in recent days,' Patel said, framing the arrest as part of a broader national security crackdown on covert biological research linked to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). 'The CCP is working relentlessly to undermine America's research institutions,' he said. Prior FBI arrests and agroterrorism concerns This arrest follows the recent detention of two other Chinese nationals, Yunqing Jian, a Chinese researcher formerly employed at the University of Michigan, and her partner Zunyong Liu, a researcher at a Chinese institution. The pair has been charged with smuggling a dangerous agricultural pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, into the US without authorisation. Investigators allege that Jian brought the fungus into the country covertly, continued her research in violation of US biosecurity protocols, and had previously received funding from the Chinese government. Liu is accused of helping smuggle the pathogen through Detroit airport and initially denying involvement before ultimately admitting to the charges. The University of Michigan has stated that it had no knowledge of the unauthorised shipments and is cooperating fully with federal authorities in their ongoing investigations. Is the 'smuggled' fungus dangerous? The fungus, which causes Fusarium head blight, poses a significant threat to cereal crops and can produce toxins harmful to humans and livestock. While federal prosecutors have labelled the case as an example of 'agroterrorism', some experts argue that the fungus is already present in the US and is manageable through existing agricultural practices. US crackdown on Chinese student visa The series of arrests comes amid heightened scrutiny of Chinese nationals engaged in research within the US, particularly in sensitive sectors such as biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and aerospace. The US government has announced stricter visa regulations for students and researchers from China and Hong Kong.
Mint
08-06-2025
- Health
- Mint
America's expert on China says fungus smuggling case ‘worse than Covid', urges US govt to ‘sever relations'
Days after two Chinese researchers were charged with smuggling a crop-killing fungus into the United States, America's top expert on China warned that if the country is not careful, it could be 'something worse' than COVID-19. He also suggested that the US government should sever relations with China. Yunqing Jian and Zunyong Liu were charged with conspiracy, smuggling, making false statements and visa fraud for allegedly bringing the fungus Fusarium graminearum into the US, describing it as a potential agricultural terrorism weapon. The fungus causes Fusarium head blight, usually known as 'scab,' and often infects wheat, barley and other grains on farms during rainy years. According to the FBI, Liu had small baggies of the fungus stashed in his backpack when he flew to the US last year. After claiming ignorance about the plant material inside them, he said he was planning to use them for research at a University of Michigan lab where Jian worked. Also Read | Fusarium graminearum: How this crop fungus can impact your health 'Waging war against US': Expert Commenting on the case, expert Gordon G Chang told Fox News that the couple's actions were akin to waging war against the United States. Chang, who has lived and worked in China for two decades as Counsel to the American law firm Paul Weiss, warned that unless the US takes strong measures—such as severing ties with China—it could face threats even more severe than Covid. The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which sparked the global COVID-19 pandemic, remains highly controversial, with some experts alleging it may have been engineered in a Chinese laboratory. Calling it an 'attack on the United States,' Chang said, 'Xi Jinping talks about going to war all the time, and he is mobilising all of Chinese society to go to war.' 'So we can lose our country, even though we are the far stronger nation because we are not defending ourselves with the vigour and the determination that is necessary,' he added. He suggested that the only way to stop this is to sever relations with China. 'I know people think that's drastic, but we are being overwhelmed. We are going to get hit eventually. We are going to get hit really hard, not just with Covid, not just with fentanyl, but perhaps with something worse,' the expert said. However, agriculture experts interviewed by Reuters said the fungus has been in the US for more than a century, can be prevented by spraying pesticides, and is only dangerous if ingested regularly and in large quantities. 'As a weapon, it would be a pretty ineffective one,' Jessica Rutkoski, a crop sciences professor, wheat breeder and geneticist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, told Reuters.
Yahoo
06-06-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
Experts doubt FBI's claim that crop fungus smuggled by Chinese students is a threat
By Heather Schlitz CHICAGO (Reuters) -A biological sample that a Chinese researcher was accused of smuggling into the United States and that prosecutors cast as a "dangerous biological pathogen" is a common type of fungus already widespread in U.S. crop fields that likely poses little risk to food safety, experts said. On Tuesday, U.S. federal prosecutors accused two Chinese researchers of smuggling samples of the fungus Fusarium graminearum into the U.S., describing it as a potential agricultural terrorism weapon. Yunqing Jian, 33, a researcher at the University of Michigan's Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology has been charged in connection with allegations that she helped her boyfriend, Zunyong Liu, 34, smuggle the pathogen into the U.S. However, agriculture experts interviewed by Reuters this week said the fungus has been in the U.S. for more than a century, can be prevented by spraying pesticides, and is only dangerous if ingested regularly and in large quantities. "As a weapon, it would be a pretty ineffective one," said Jessica Rutkoski, a crop sciences professor, wheat breeder and geneticist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Rutkoski and other researchers said extensive testing for the fungus' toxin, widespread use of fungicides and the difficulty of intentionally creating an infection with the pathogen would make it a clumsy weapon. The U.S. Attorney's Office and the FBI declined Reuters' request for comment. Since the 1900s, U.S. farmers have been battling the fungus, which causes Fusarium head blight, usually known as "scab," which often infects wheat, barley and other grains on farms during rainy years. The telltale pink streaks on the grain heads contain a toxic byproduct called vomitoxin, which is tested for and tightly controlled by grain elevators where farmers sell their crops. Constant testing and monitoring means that only negligible amounts of vomitoxin ever make it into the bread, pasta and cookies Americans eat, far below levels that would sicken a human, experts said. "We have a long history of managing epidemics of scab," said Andrew Friskop, professor and plant pathologist at North Dakota State University, noting that farmers have access to many tools to prevent and control the disease. Farmers began regularly spraying their fields with fungicide as early as the 1990s, and researchers have since developed multiple strains of fungus-resistant wheat. Plant experts said that it would be difficult to fully assess the risks posed by the samples without more information on the particular strain. But Rutkoski, whose research involves intentionally contaminating wheat with the fungus, said that she isn't always successful at infecting her test field's wheat with scab. She said the pathogen is difficult to control, and her lab has to strike the right balance of temperature and humidity to create an infection. In federal court in Detroit on Tuesday, Jian was charged with conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud the U.S., smuggling goods into the U.S., false statements and visa fraud. Jian did not comment on the charges, and the lawyer who represented her in court was not immediately available for comment. Liu could not be immediately reached for comment. The court scheduled Jian's bail hearing for June 13.
