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Associated Press
a day ago
- Health
- Associated Press
Study Uncovers How Immune Cells Contribute to Failed Bone Healing After Muscle-Bone Trauma
Using an integrated multi-tissue dataset, researchers identified two myeloid cell populations and marker genes driving immune dysregulation in polytrauma CHENGDU, SICHUAN, CHINA, July 21, 2025 / / -- Gaining insights into the complex pathways and key cell populations involved in immune dysregulation can aid the development of therapeutic approaches to treat polytrauma, which is associated with poor patient outcomes. In a new study, researchers from the USA have utilized advanced genetic analysis tools and techniques to reveal the cellular and molecular processes involved in polytrauma-induced immune dysregulation. Their findings advance our current knowledge on polytrauma and indicate actionable targets to treat immune dysregulation. Polytrauma, which involves multiple serious injuries occurring simultaneously, is associated with complex healing challenges. In such cases, bone regeneration is often compromised, accompanied by widespread immune system dysregulation. These effects may not surface immediately, but they commonly emerge later in recovery, contributing to increased treatment burden and poorer long-term outcomes. While the immune system plays a crucial role in healing, its dysfunction in polytrauma remains poorly understood. Previous studies have explored immune activity either at the injury site or within systemic tissues like blood and bone marrow. However, an integrated analysis of both local and systemic immune responses is essential to fully understand how immune dysregulation impairs recovery. To address this gap, a team of researchers led by Professor Krishnendu Roy, Bruce and Bridgitt Evans Dean of Engineering at Vanderbilt University, conducted a comprehensive study using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The research team, based at the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, collaborated with Professor Robert Guldberg from the Department of Bioengineering and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact at the University of Oregon. This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (R01AR074960). Their findings were published online in Bone Research on 07 July, 2025. 'Previously, our research group had developed a preclinical rat model of polytrauma that could mimic severe musculoskeletal trauma along with the associated local and systemic immune responses. In this study, we utilized cells from the polytrauma rat model and subjected them to scRNA-seq analysis to comprehensively assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive immune dysregulation in polytrauma', says Prof. Roy, sharing further details about the study. The team combined scRNA-seq with differential gene expression (DEG) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the CellChat tool to identify the key immune cells involved. Their analysis revealed a prominent role of myeloid cells—a type of white blood cell—in shaping immune responses across the blood, bone marrow, and injured tissue. Building on their previous findings linking systemic immunosuppressive myeloid cells with poor bone healing outcomes, the researchers sub-clustered the blood polytrauma myeloid cells into five distinct groups to identify those expressing immunosuppressive genes such as interleukins-4 (IL-4), IL-13, and IL-10. The clusters expressing these immunosuppressive genes were designated as trauma immunosuppressive myeloid (TIM) cells. Further DEG analysis revealed that TIM cells from polytrauma patients significantly expressed additional immunosuppressive genes, including annexin A1 (Anxa1) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2). To decipher the pathways used by TIM cells to communicate with other myeloid cells, the team assessed ligand-receptor interactions using CellChat tool. Their analysis revealed that TIM cells were dependent on chemokine pathway involving Ccl6-Ccr1 and immunosuppressive Anxa1-Fpr2 mechanisms to communicate with other cells in polytrauma blood. In the local injury site tissue affected during polytrauma, mono/mac cells demonstrated increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes including secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), and Anxa2. Interestingly, the mono/mac cells showed reduced expression of tissue repair genes following polytrauma. By utilizing an integrated all-tissue dataset, the research team further discovered 15 closely connected hub genes which could potentially regulate polytrauma-induced immune dysregulation. The altered communication patterns in polytrauma reveal the critical role of myeloid cell interactions, with TIM cells involved in immune suppression while mono/mac cells drive inflammatory pathways. Future studies can build on our findings to develop targeted strategies to modulate immune responses, reduce complications, and ultimately improve clinical outcomes in patients with polytrauma. Towards that goal, a multi-site clinical study to risk stratify patients with open tibial fractures has been initiated by Prof. Guldberg and colleagues. In summary, this study not only advances our current understanding of complex immune interactions following polytrauma but also provides actionable targets for therapeutic intervention. *** Reference Title of original paper: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies systemic immunosuppressive myeloid cells and local monocytes/macrophages as key regulators in polytrauma-induced immune Dysregulation Journal: Bone Research DOI: 10.1038/s41413-025-00444-x Yini Bao West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University +86 2885546461 [email protected] Visit us on social media: X Legal Disclaimer: EIN Presswire provides this news content 'as is' without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the author above.
Perth Now
6 days ago
- Entertainment
- Perth Now
Adorable video shows dolphins helping to clear up plastic
In an incredible display of intelligence, the moment that a pod of dolphins in the Bahamas seemingly helped a woman pick up plastic cups from the ocean has been captured in a TikTok video. The woman is sat on a pier and films the moment that a dolphin retrieves a plastic cup that she accidentally dropped in the sea. 'You guys are so nice . . . thank you. I dropped the cups. He's trying to give it to me' she said as she films a dolphin pick up the cup in its mouth. She reaches to try and grab the plastic cup from its mouth but can't quite reach, so then tries to retrieve the plastic with a net but still can't get it. The dolphin then resurfaces again with the cup in its mouth and comes far enough out of the water for her to grab it. If you'd like to view this content, please adjust your . To find out more about how we use cookies, please see our Cookie Guide. 'Oh thank you . . . you're so sweet' she said after she safely retrieved the plastic cup. The video quickly went viral on TikTok, amassing two million views and was flooded with comments from people who were amazed by the dolphin behaviour. 'He looked so proud of himself when you grabbed it 🥺' one person said. 'Dolphin: 'Ma'am please take your garbage back' 🤣' another commented. The video shows the dolphin picking up the plastic, returning it to the woman, then looking 'proud' afterwards according to one of the comments. Credit: TikTok Dolphins are renowned for their intelligence, so much so that Google are developing an AI model that can communicate with these marine mammals. 'In collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology and the nonprofit Wild Dolphin Project, Google has announced progress on what the team has as the first large language model for dolphin vocalizations, called DolphinGemma,' Scientific American announced in March 2025. In Western Australia, there was recently an incredible wildlife spectacle in Koombana Bay involving dolphins, when a pod seemed to guide a young humpback whale that was lost back out to sea. 'The dolphins took over and while playing and interacting with each other they slowly guided their large cousin out of the bay towards the deeper waters of Geographe Bay' The Dolphin Discovery Centre said.
Arab Times
10-07-2025
- Health
- Arab Times
How long should you really take to pee? Experts weigh in
NEW YORK, July 10: Many people don't give much thought to how long they spend in the bathroom, but researchers say there is an optimal duration for a healthy pee — and it's tied to overall health. The magic number? About 21 seconds. According to scientists from the Georgia Institute of Technology, 21 seconds is the ideal length of time for urination. Long enough to hum the chorus of Happy Birthday but not quite long enough for Bohemian Rhapsody. This '21-second rule' comes from the researchers' discovery of the so-called 'Law of Urination.' They investigated how animals of vastly different sizes manage to empty their bladders in roughly the same amount of time. By timing video clips of mammals urinating, they found that animals weighing over three kilograms take about 21 seconds to fully empty their bladders, regardless of size. How does this happen? It's physics. Larger animals have longer and wider urethras. The increased length boosts gravitational pressure to push urine out faster, while the wider diameter reduces resistance. This means even an elephant, with a bladder many times larger than a dog's, finishes peeing in about the same time. Humans follow this pattern too. Most adults take roughly 20 to 25 seconds to urinate at a relaxed pace, making the 21-second mark a useful, though flexible, benchmark. While you don't need to time yourself on the toilet, sudden or consistent changes in how long you take to pee can signal health issues. Very short durations combined with frequent urges might indicate an overactive bladder or other urinary problems. On the other hand, much longer times could suggest urinary retention, prostate enlargement in men, or nerve issues. Experts also warn against holding urine for too long, as this can overstretch the bladder over time and increase the risk of infections and other complications. Though 21 seconds isn't a strict rule for everyone, paying attention to your usual bathroom habits can help detect early signs of health problems. So next time nature calls, consider whether your visit fits the healthy 21-second window.
The Sun
08-07-2025
- Health
- The Sun
The exact amount of time it should take to pee – and when it signals a serious health problem
ALTHOUGH it's often a hush-hush topic, going to pee is something we all need to do. After all, what we guzzle down, must come out. But the stream doesn't always run so smoothly down there and knowing what's normal and what's not, can help you work out when there is an issues. It turns out spending too much time, or too little can be dangerous and a sign of hidden underlying health conditions, experts have warned. It should only take you an around 21 seconds to completely empty your bladder, according to US researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. And if you're spending much longer peeing, you could be holding in urine for too long, which can lead to your bladder expanding too much. This is because the average bladder holds between 400ml and 600ml, roughly one pint, and people typically need to pass urine four to eight times a day. However, experts have warned that waiting until you're bursting before going to the loo puts you at a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can lead to life-threatening kidney infections. On the other hand, frequent short visits to the toilet may point to an overactive bladder, where the body feels an urgent need to urinate even when it is not full. The 21-second rule, which researchers described as the 'Law of Urination,' applies to all mammals weighing over 3kg. The scientists behind the finding received an IG Nobel Prize in 2015, a satirical award that honours unusual or humorous scientific achievements, after analysing footage of various animals peeing. But the health risks of ignoring the urge to go are anything but amusing. I haven't peed in SIX YEARS and never will again - I live in constant agony and it could kill me Chris Blick, a consultant urological surgeon at the Princess Grace Hospital, said: "Generally speaking you shouldn't force yourself to wait until you are desperate to urinate. "Occasionally, this technique may be used as part of bladder retraining to support patients with overactive bladders." He told MailOnline: "Holding on too much can be painful and, if you have a urine infection, can make you feel unwell. "If you regularly hold in your urine, over time this can cause your bladder to stretch." Peeing too often, he said, will "potentially train your bladder to empty when it doesn't need to, and can create a habit leading to unwanted frequency of urination."
Scottish Sun
08-07-2025
- Health
- Scottish Sun
The exact amount of time it should take to pee – and when it signals a serious health problem
Click to share on X/Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) ALTHOUGH it's often a hush-hush topic, going to pee is something we all need to do. After all, what we guzzle down, must come out. Sign up for Scottish Sun newsletter Sign up 1 Spending too much, or too little, time peeing can be a sign of underlying health conditions Credit: Getty But the stream doesn't always run so smoothly down there and knowing what's normal and what's not, can help you work out when there is an issues. It turns out spending too much time, or too little can be dangerous and a sign of hidden underlying health conditions, experts have warned. It should only take you an around 21 seconds to completely empty your bladder, according to US researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. And if you're spending much longer peeing, you could be holding in urine for too long, which can lead to your bladder expanding too much. This is because the average bladder holds between 400ml and 600ml, roughly one pint, and people typically need to pass urine four to eight times a day. However, experts have warned that waiting until you're bursting before going to the loo puts you at a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can lead to life-threatening kidney infections. On the other hand, frequent short visits to the toilet may point to an overactive bladder, where the body feels an urgent need to urinate even when it is not full. The 21-second rule, which researchers described as the 'Law of Urination,' applies to all mammals weighing over 3kg. The scientists behind the finding received an IG Nobel Prize in 2015, a satirical award that honours unusual or humorous scientific achievements, after analysing footage of various animals peeing. But the health risks of ignoring the urge to go are anything but amusing. I haven't peed in SIX YEARS and never will again - I live in constant agony and it could kill me Chris Blick, a consultant urological surgeon at the Princess Grace Hospital, said: "Generally speaking you shouldn't force yourself to wait until you are desperate to urinate. "Occasionally, this technique may be used as part of bladder retraining to support patients with overactive bladders." He told MailOnline: "Holding on too much can be painful and, if you have a urine infection, can make you feel unwell. "If you regularly hold in your urine, over time this can cause your bladder to stretch." Peeing too often, he said, will "potentially train your bladder to empty when it doesn't need to, and can create a habit leading to unwanted frequency of urination."
