Latest news with #Homosapiens
Economic Times
a day ago
- Economic Times
Nexus author Yuval Noah Harari warns of AI's deeper emotional threat beyond job loss: ‘The danger is enormous...'
Agencies Yuval Noah Harari warns that AI's ability to replicate intimacy poses a far greater threat than job loss. Unlike humans, AI offers flawless, tireless attention, creating fake emotional bonds that could weaken real human connections. As artificial intelligence rapidly evolves, fears around job automation dominate headlines. Yet acclaimed author Yuval Noah Harari, known for his bestselling books Sapiens and Nexus , offers a far more unsettling warning: AI's ability to replicate intimacy could fundamentally alter human relationships—and not necessarily for the better. In a recent panel discussion co-hosted by the Deutsches Institut für Japanstudien, Tokyo College, and Kawade Shobo in March 2025, Harari shared a revealing video clip on his Instagram. He explained how AI, having already mastered language and attention, is now advancing toward mimicking intimacy—arguably the most potent human connection. 'Intimacy is much more powerful than attention,' Harari said. 'A good friend can change your views in a way no article or book ever could.' Until now, genuine intimacy was something that could not be faked or mass-produced. But AI has broken that barrier. Harari cautions that a new generation might grow up forming intimate bonds with AI rather than with other humans. Unlike humans, AI has no feelings of its own. It never gets upset, angry, or tired and can focus entirely on an individual, creating a 'fake sense of intimacy.' This, Harari warns, poses an 'enormous potential danger': people might become emotionally attached to artificial entities and, in the process, lose the ability to engage in real, complicated human relationships. Genuine intimacy is messy and requires navigating emotions and conflicts—something AI simply bypasses. While job displacement remains a valid concern with AI's rise, Harari's perspective highlights a deeper cultural and psychological challenge. The risk isn't only economic; it's existential. If humans turn to AI for emotional support and connection, the very fabric of human relationships could unravel. Harari's insights resonate strongly given his broader work on humanity's future. As a historian and philosopher, he has long explored how technological revolutions reshape societies—from the cognitive revolution that made Homo sapiens dominant to the looming biotechnological era where humans might engineer new life forms. Yuval Noah Harari is an Israeli historian and public intellectual renowned for making complex ideas accessible to the public. His landmark book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind traces the arc of human evolution and culture, while Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks from the Stone Age to AI delves into the digital transformations shaping today's world. Harari's work explores themes such as consciousness, free will, and the future of intelligence. He famously predicts that Homo sapiens as we know them may disappear within a century, replaced by technologically enhanced or AI-driven beings. Harari's warning is a timely reminder that the AI revolution is not only about economic disruption but about how humans relate to one another at their core. As AI becomes ever more capable of mimicking human emotions and intimacy, society faces profound questions: Can artificial relationships satisfy human needs? And at what cost to genuine human connection? This emerging reality invites urgent reflection—not only on what AI can do but on what it should do. For now, the risks seem to outweigh the benefits, and Harari's voice urges caution and awareness before the next frontier in AI irrevocably changes what it means to be human.
Observer
2 days ago
- Science
- Observer
Tools made of whale bones reveal inventiveness of prehistoric people
Artifacts found at archeological sites in France and Spain along the Bay of Biscay shoreline show that humans have been crafting tools from whale bones since more than 20,000 years ago, illustrating anew the resourcefulness of prehistoric people. The tools, primarily hunting implements such as projectile points, were fashioned from the bones of at least five species of large whales, the researchers said. Bones from sperm whales were the most abundant, followed by fin whales, gray whales, right or bowhead whales - two species indistinguishable with the analytical method used in the study - and blue whales. With seafaring capabilities by humans not developing until thousands of years later, the Ice Age hunter-gatherers who made these implements would have been unable to actually hunt whales for their resources in the Bay of Biscay, a gulf of the Atlantic Ocean. "These whales were likely opportunistically acquired from stranded animals or drifted carcasses, rather than actively hunted," said biomolecular archaeologist Krista McGrath of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, co-lead author of the study published in the journal Nature Communications, opens new tab. "The majority of the bones were identified from offshore, deep-water species - such as sperm whale and fin whale - which would have been very difficult to hunt for these prehistoric groups. And there is no evidence from this time period that they had the level of technology that active hunting would have required, like seafaring boats," McGrath said. The 71 whale bone artifacts analyzed by the researchers were found at 27 cave or rock shelter sites. The two oldest ones, both from the bones of fin whales, came from the Spanish Cantabrian sites of Rascaño, dating to about 20,500 years ago, and El Juyo, dating to about 19,800 years ago. The rough age range of the artifacts was from 14,000 years old to more than 20,000 years old, but most were 16,000 to 17,500 years old. The main raw material used to manufacture spear points at the time was antler from reindeer or red deer because it is less brittle and more pliable than land mammal bone. But whale bone offered some advantages, including its large dimensions, with some of the projectile points measuring more than 16 inches (40 cm) long, a size difficult to achieve using antler. "They can be very long and thick, and were probably hafted on spear-style projectiles rather than arrows. They are usually found as fragments, many of which bear fractures related to use, and they were most likely used to hunt the main game animals of the time - reindeer and red deer, horse, bison and ibex," said archaeologist and study co-senior author Jean-Marc Pétillon of the French National Centre for Scientific Research. Bone tools were used by members of the human evolutionary lineage dating back far before our species Homo sapiens emerged more than 300,000 years ago in Africa. The artifacts examined in this study pushed back the oldest-known use of whale bones for toolmaking by 1,000 to 2,000 years. The objects were previously discovered at the various sites and kept in museum collections. The researchers used modern analytical techniques to determine the species from which the bones came and the age of the artifacts. Humans living in this period of prehistory generally were inland hunters, obtaining most of their subsistence needs from the hunting of large hoofed mammals, Pétillon said. The new findings enhance the understanding of their exploitation of seashore resources, Pétillon added. Previous research had shown that Ice Age people gathered seashells, hunted seabirds and fished for marine fishes as a complement to meat from terrestrial animals. "The new findings tell us that these prehistoric groups were likely very well adapted to these coastal environments, and very likely had deep local ecological knowledge and understanding of their coastal habitats," McGrath said. "Whale bones would have been for more than just making tools. There is evidence for their use as fuel as well - the bones contain large amounts of oil - among other things. And the rest of the whale would also certainly have been used – teeth or baleen depending on the species, meat, skin. A single whale provides a lot of resources," McGrath said.—Reuters
Yahoo
3 days ago
- General
- Yahoo
Farmers Dug Up a 300,000-Year-Old Skull. It's Unlike Any Human Ancestor We've Ever Seen.
"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." Here's what you'll learn when you read this story: The fragmented Maba 1 skull, which had previously been described as belonging to a Neanderthal, is not so Neanderthal after all. Researchers reassessed the skull and found resemblances to Homo erectus, Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens, but it didn't exactly fit into any of these species. It is most similar to other debatable hominin specimens. Maba 1 also suffered trauma before death, but the specific cause of the trauma remains unknown. In 1958, in a narrow trench of an eroded limestone cave near Maba Village in Shaoguan City, China, local farmers were digging up bat guano for fertilizer when they came across something unusual. Fossilized fragments of bone surfaced that looked somewhat human, and were later determined to be part of a skull (and several facial bones). But which of our ancestors this skull belonged to has remained a mystery. At a glance, Maba 1 seems like any other skull fragment—and that is the whole problem. Because no other parts of the skull were ever found, it was nearly impossible to positively identify the fragment as having come from a particular species of hominin. The only thing researchers knew for certain is that the bone dates back to the late Middle Pleistocene and is about 300,000 years old. While it had previously been determined to belong to a Neanderthal, a team of researchers who previously studied the skull have now reevaluated it and found contradictory features that aredifficult to ignore. '[Maba 1] is well-known for the Neanderthal-like face, while its neurocranium shows affinities with many hominin taxa, which makes the taxonomic status of Maba 1 controversial,' they wrote in a study recently published in the American Journal of Biological Anthropology. Until now, the skull fragments had been observed externally, but much about their internal structures was still unknown. So, the skull was reconstructed using data from micro-CT scans, which can image the inside of a fossil without damaging the actual specimen. The scans made one thing very clear: the skull probably wasn't from a Neanderthal. Channels in the sinuses that veins once used to ferry blood through spongy diploid bone were connected to the parietal foramen towards the back of the skull by tubular structures—a very rare occurence in Homo neandertalensis. The inside of the skull's frontal lobe turned out to be morphologically closer to Homo erectus than Neanderthals or Homo sapiens (though Homo erectus had a smaller brain than its two counterparts), and the cranial capacity of Maba 1 was more like that of Neanderthals and modern humans. But while the researchers agreed that Maba 1 seemed closest to H. erectus, differences from the morphological standards of the species were too obvious to ignore. The frontal lobe was short in comparison, and the bregma—where the coronal (lengthwise) and sagittal (crosswise and perpendicular to the coronal) sutures meet—was thicker than that of H. erectus. Maba 1 also shows signs of trauma—a dark, semicircular lesion on the external right side of the frontal bone, which spans the area from the middle of the head to the bridge of the nose. Signs of healing suggest that the individual suffered this injury while still alive, though it is unclear whether the lesion healed completely and what exactly caused it. There were no signs of infection. While it could have been left behind by an impact such as a fall, it is also possible that such a lesion was the result of anemia, or even a tumor. Strangely enough, the researchers concluded that Maba 1 is more similar to other debatable hominin skulls, such as the LH18 specimen found in Tanzania, which is thought to be an early Homo sapiens skull. There are also resemblances to the Djebel Irhoud skulls from Morocco (first assumed to be Neanderthal remains but now thought to be from some of the earliest known Homo sapiens) and Zambia's Broken Hill skull (a Homo heidelbergensis specimen now at the Natural History Museum in London). 'The internal structures of Maba 1 show a combination of morphological features found in various species,' the researchers concluded. 'These findings further evidence the high morphological variability among Asian hominins in the late Middle Pleistocene. Maba 1 currently cannot be definitely classified in any known hominin taxon.' You Might Also Like The Do's and Don'ts of Using Painter's Tape The Best Portable BBQ Grills for Cooking Anywhere Can a Smart Watch Prolong Your Life?
Yahoo
3 days ago
- General
- Yahoo
2.2 million-year-old teeth reveal secrets of human relatives found in a South African cave
When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. Small pieces of tooth enamel from deep in a South African cave have begun to reveal secrets held for 2 million years by a distant human relative, a new study finds.. Archaeologists recovered teeth from four members of the species Paranthropus robustus, a two-legged human relative who lived between 1.8 million and 1.2 million years ago, from Swartkrans, a fossil-bearing cave in Africa's Cradle of Humankind World Heritage site. Using cutting-edge techniques that can analyze fossils' amino acid sequences, the researchers were able to determine the sex of the individuals and discovered surprising genetic variation that could point to the existence of a previously unknown species. These techniques are part of the field of proteomics, or studying sets of preserved proteins — a relatively new area of science that is shedding much-needed light on the evolution of early hominins, a group that includes humans and our closest relatives. "Figuring out the human family tree using proteins is the goal," Claire Koenig, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Copenhagen and co-author of a study published Thursday (May 29) in the journal Science, told Live Science in an email co-written with lead author Palesa Madupe and co-author Ioannis Patramanis. But currently "our ability to distinguish between different species is limited by the small number of different proteins present in enamel." Although DNA has been recovered from ancient skeletons in Africa, so far that technique has only successfully worked on hominin material dating to no more than 20,000 years ago — well within the lifetime of our own species, Homo sapiens — because DNA degrades quickly in that environment. To get at the roughly 6 million-year history of hominin evolution, analysis of the harder and more stable tissue of dental enamel is needed. In the new study, an international team of researchers led by Madupe employed paleoproteomic analysis to move beyond the limits of ancient DNA and understand the genes of four hominins who lived around 2 million years ago. "Proteomics is inherently a destructive technique, but we take great care to minimize impact, especially when working with rare or precious specimens," Koenig said. Related: In a 1st, ancient proteins reveal sex of human relative from 3.5 million years ago The researchers focused their proteomic analysis on four P. robustus individuals who likely all died around the same time. They were able to identify AMELY-specific peptides, which are found in the tooth enamel of males, in two individuals. The other two individuals had a high AMELX intensity, meaning they were likely female. Correctly determining the sex of a fossil is important in paleoanthropology because most hominins are sexually dimorphic, with males being, on average, larger than females. Experts therefore expect that any species will have some larger and some smaller individuals. But Madupe and colleagues discovered a surprising result: one P. robustus individual who was thought to be female, based on tooth size and shape, was actually male, based on proteomic data. "Our results thus indicate that measurements of dental size are not necessarily accurate for correct sex estimation," the researchers wrote in the study. Since sex alone could not explain the differences in the appearance of P. robustus, the team investigated whether the diversity they were seeing could be the result of different groups or species they didn't know about, or the result of interbreeding, as P. robustus overlapped in time with australopithecines and early members of the Homo genus. The researchers found a couple amino acid sequence positions that varied among the P. robustus specimens they examined, and that were different from the amino acid sequences seen in present-day humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. This analysis revealed that one of the individuals — SK-835, whose molecular sex and morphological sex did not match up — was more distantly related to the other three individuals than they were to each other. "It would be premature to classify SK-835 as a member of the newly proposed Paranthropus [capensis] taxa," Koenig said, but it remains a possibility that the amino acid difference reflects its position in a different species than the rest. It could also be explained, however, by microevolution at different sites, study co-author Rebecca Ackermann, a biological anthropologist at the University of Cape Town, told Live Science in an email. "We need to analyse more Paranthropus material from different sites to get a better handle on the variation within southern African Paranthropus," she said. RELATED STORIES —Smallest human relative ever found may have been devoured by a leopard 2 million years ago —What's the oldest known case of cancer in humans? —World's oldest human DNA found in 800,000-year-old tooth of a cannibal Because the enamel proteome is so much smaller — and provides less information — than a full genome, reconstructions of fossil human relatives need to be cautiously interpreted, Ackermann said. Koenig expects that further methodological developments will be beneficial, including less invasive methods such as acid etching to remove an extremely thin layer of dental enamel, and the development of faster and more sensitive protein-sequencing instruments. "It remains to be seen, for example, whether or not we can molecularly tell apart a Paranthropus robustus from an Australopithecus africanus," Koenig said, "because these species are closely related and therefore their proteins are going to look very similar."
Economic Times
3 days ago
- Science
- Economic Times
Neanderthals may have created the first known symbolic art as scientists discover world's oldest human fingerprint
Archaeologists in Spain have unearthed a 43,000-year-old pebble bearing a Neanderthal fingerprint, potentially the oldest known. The red ocher mark, deliberately placed on the stone, suggests artistic expression and symbolic thought. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about Neanderthal intelligence and their capacity for abstract thinking, adding to growing evidence of their symbolic behavior. A 43,000-year-old ocher fingerprint, pressed onto a potato-shaped stone by a Neanderthal, may be the earliest evidence of symbolic art, and the oldest known human fingerprint ever discovered. Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads The world's oldest fingerprints What does the fingerprint resemble? Tired of too many ads? Remove Ads Previous discoveries Archaeologists have uncovered what may be the world's oldest known human fingerprint, left by a Neanderthal approximately 43,000 years ago on a pebble in central Spain. The remarkable discovery can reshape our understanding of Neanderthal discovery was made at the San Lázaro rock shelter near Segovia, where researchers from the Complutense University of Madrid unearthed a quartz-rich granite pebble bearing a deliberate red ocher mark. The pigment, identified as iron oxide, not native to the cave, was applied with a human fingertip, leaving behind a clear whore pattern characteristic of a fingerprint. Also Read: Advanced weapons built 80,000 years ago, unearthed in Russia, have no human connection The pebble itself features three natural indentations resembling eyes and a mouth. The red ocher mark aligns precisely where a nose would be, suggesting the Neanderthal artist may have perceived a face in the stone and enhanced it with pigment, a phenomenon known as pareidolia. Forensic analyses, including multispectral imaging and scanning electron microscopy, confirmed the intentional placement of the pigment and the presence of a human fingerprint. Statistical modeling indicated a mere 0.31 percent chance that the red dot's alignment with the indentations occurred by coincidence, reinforcing the idea of deliberate artistic finding adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting Neanderthals engaged in symbolic discoveries include engraved bones, modified talons, and cave paintings attributed to Neanderthals, challenging the notion that symbolic thought was exclusive to Homo sapiens. However, interpretations of the pebble's significance vary among experts. Anthropologist Bruce Hardy noted that while the ocher application was intentional, "symbolism is in the eye of the beholder." Archaeologist Rebecca Wragg Sykes suggested the mark could represent a navel rather than a nose, cautioning against definitive conclusions about its differing opinions, the discovery underscores the complexity of Neanderthal cognition and their capacity for abstract thought. The pebble, likely transported from the nearby Eresma River, shows no signs of utilitarian use, indicating it may have served a symbolic or decorative purpose.
