Latest news with #Kaminsky
Miami Herald
03-07-2025
- Business
- Miami Herald
PwC Executive Explains Need for Empathy, Curiosity in Corporate Leadership
Early in her career, Kathryn Kaminsky defined success through milestones: earning her CPA, stepping into leadership positions, building her expertise and achieving her goals. She was a history major with no accounting credits at the University of Western Ontario when PwC (then Coopers & Lybrand) recruited arts and sciences students on campus. When she joined the company in 1993, she learned a foundational lesson that "accounting is the language of business." "I took a chance, and I didn't really choose accounting-accounting chose me," she told Newsweek in an emailed interview. "I got the job and earned my CPA while working full-time. It wasn't easy, but looking back, it was my first real lesson in grit." Kaminsky began working with asset and wealth management clients, but her goal early on was to be the lead partner signing the audit for one of PwC's largest clients. She took a step back in her title, from a signing partner on asset management funds to an auxiliary partner on a banking client, to learn directly from the lead partner on that account and deepen her expertise in the field. This strategic pivot, she said, really paid off. "I've always believed that bravery shows up in the small moments-taking the role that gives you butterflies, speaking up when it's easier to stay quiet, including advocating for others," she said. "Every chapter has shaped who I am today: a mom of three boys, a Canadian who became a U.S. citizen, and a firm believer that hard work, empathy and authenticity will take you further than you think." She has served as the firm's tax leader and vice chair and co-leader of Trust Solutions and now serves as the chief commercial officer, U.S., for PwC and has been recognized for her work, including as one of Forbes' Top 200 CPAs in America in 2024. Over time, her perspective on success has also evolved. Expertise has come to mean more to her than just what you know; for her, it's about how you continue to grow to stay intellectually curious and adaptable while helping others grow as well. "It's not just about what you achieve-it's about what you help others achieve [and] it's about creating an impact that lasts beyond your time in a role," she said. "We don't always know what someone else is carrying, and whether I'm working with a client or mentoring a team member, I want people to feel seen, supported and able to show up as themselves." PwC, or PricewaterhouseCoopers, is one of the world's largest professional services companies and one of the Big Four accounting firms that provides various services in auditing, tax and consulting. The company recently received a 4.5-star rating on Newsweek's ranking of America's Greatest Workplaces – Professional Services. The ranking assesses publicly available data, more than 400,000 employee interviews and over 4.9 million comprehensive company reviews to track insights on company culture, working conditions, compensation and benefits, job security, work-life balance and training and career progression. In addition to the main list, there were sub-industry lists for professional services, financial services, health care, manufacturing, and technology. Kaminsky said PwC is focused on helping people grow both personally and professionally. "One of the biggest areas of focus right now is how to make smart investments in people," she said. "Clients are asking, 'Do we have the right skills for what's next? Are we training talent for the jobs we'll need-not just the ones we have today?' The future of work is being shaped right now and the leading organizations are embedding upskilling and workforce transformation core to their growth strategy." Through My AI, teams are building fluency and confidence in using AI to be more productive, creative and strategic, Kaminsky said. This allows employees to learn the latest technology responsibly and effectively to help clients as trusted advisers and help them grow in their careers. The company also built a Career Development Experience that give employee the tools, feedback and support they need to build their careers – from learning a new skill to trying different roles or working with different people across the firm. "As the workforce continues to evolve and offer new opportunities, it's important to attract candidates who are committed to upskilling and who remain intellectually curious and dedicated to learning throughout their career," she said. "It's important for people to be lifelong learners and continue to build new skills to meet tomorrow's demands and take advantage of new opportunities, like harnessing the full potential of artificial intelligence." These skills will help PwC as it works with clients externally to adapt to this emerging technology. Kaminsky said the conversation surrounding AI has shifted from experimentation to execution as clients are asking how they can scale AI across their business. "The problems our clients are facing are increasingly complex, so solving them takes collaboration, deep expertise and the ability to shift gears fast," she said. "They want to know where to focus, what to prioritize and how to move forward with confidence." And this starts with knowing when to ask the right questions. At PwC, Kaminsky said success is measured by how well they help clients solve their toughest problems and how well they support their people while doing it. Progress happens, she said, when you create the space to ask better questions, stay open to change and bring others along with you. Staying curious is "one of the most underrated leadership skills" and the key to making sure the firm stays ahead in times of constant change. "Insight lives in the questions we ask," she said. "Some of the boldest innovations start not with a brilliant idea, but with a well-placed doubt. 'What if we did this differently? Why now? What's the risk if we don't move? Do we have the right people at the table to make a decision?'" Beyond helping clients succeed, Kaminsky said her role is also about helping shape future leaders through mentoring, advocating and adapting to an ever-changing business landscape. Good leadership, she said, requires bravery, being comfortable in the uncomfortable, admitting you don't have all the answers and knowing when to step up and when to step back to create space for others. Looking ahead, Kaminsky said she wants to leave the firm in a place where it can thrive for the next 175 years, and beyond. That means helping to build a future-ready business that is innovative, inclusive and resilient while investing in people, embracing new technology and creating a space for tomorrow's leaders to thrive. "It also means helping to redefine what leadership looks like in our industry," she said. "I want to continue pushing for a culture where empathy, curiosity and adaptability are seen as strengths-not soft skills. Where we recognize that trust and transformation aren't in conflict-they're connected." As a powerful woman in her industry, Kaminsky encourages young women in the corporate world to follow their "north star" goals and not to be afraid to make bold choices in pursuit of them. Kaminsky said the "glass ceiling" is still very much present for many women in various industries. But she tries to focus on what to do once you've broken through. "When you pull up a chair to the table, do you make room for someone else? Because if you're the first who looks like you in a room, your job is to make sure you're not the last," she said. "We've made progress. But we're not done. That's why I believe so deeply in mentorship and sponsorship. Not just helping people grow, but helping them be seen. Because no one gets ahead alone." Mentorship has played a major role in Kaminsky's career, as both a mentee and now a mentor for men and women starting their professional journeys. At PwC, new hires are partnered with mentors during onboarding to provide guidance and insights into the firm's culture and operational nuances. These career-long relationships foster a culture of continuous learning, adaptation and encouragement, Kaminsky said. While receiving feedback can be uncomfortable, she said asking someone to connect is worth it. "Don't just wait for formal programs to assign you a mentor – build your own network of trusted advisors," she said. "Surround yourself with people who see your potential, offer encouragement and challenge you to stretch. And when you're in a position to give back, do it. Some of the most powerful leadership lessons I've learned came not from being mentored, but from mentoring others. You grow by helping others grow." Related Articles Leadership Development, Employee Listening Help Women Feel Valued at WorkA Unifying Company Culture Can Bridge Generational Divides in the WorkplaceSoulCycle CEO Evelyn Webster Reflects on Leadership, Sleep and the Weather 2025 NEWSWEEK DIGITAL LLC.
Newsweek
03-07-2025
- Business
- Newsweek
PwC Executive Explains Need for Empathy, Curiosity in Corporate Leadership
Based on facts, either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources. Early in her career, Kathryn Kaminsky defined success through milestones: earning her CPA, stepping into leadership positions, building her expertise and achieving her goals. She was a history major with no accounting credits at the University of Western Ontario when PwC (then Coopers & Lybrand) recruited arts and sciences students on campus. When she joined the company in 1993, she learned a foundational lesson that "accounting is the language of business." "I took a chance, and I didn't really choose accounting—accounting chose me," she told Newsweek in an emailed interview. "I got the job and earned my CPA while working full-time. It wasn't easy, but looking back, it was my first real lesson in grit." Kaminsky began working with asset and wealth management clients, but her goal early on was to be the lead partner signing the audit for one of PwC's largest clients. She took a step back in her title, from a signing partner on asset management funds to an auxiliary partner on a banking client, to learn directly from the lead partner on that account and deepen her expertise in the field. This strategic pivot, she said, really paid off. "I've always believed that bravery shows up in the small moments—taking the role that gives you butterflies, speaking up when it's easier to stay quiet, including advocating for others," she said. "Every chapter has shaped who I am today: a mom of three boys, a Canadian who became a U.S. citizen, and a firm believer that hard work, empathy and authenticity will take you further than you think." She has served as the firm's tax leader and vice chair and co-leader of Trust Solutions and now serves as the chief commercial officer, U.S., for PwC and has been recognized for her work, including as one of Forbes' Top 200 CPAs in America in 2024. Over time, her perspective on success has also evolved. Expertise has come to mean more to her than just what you know; for her, it's about how you continue to grow to stay intellectually curious and adaptable while helping others grow as well. "It's not just about what you achieve—it's about what you help others achieve [and] it's about creating an impact that lasts beyond your time in a role," she said. "We don't always know what someone else is carrying, and whether I'm working with a client or mentoring a team member, I want people to feel seen, supported and able to show up as themselves." PwC, or PricewaterhouseCoopers, is one of the world's largest professional services companies and one of the Big Four accounting firms that provides various services in auditing, tax and consulting. The company recently received a 4.5-star rating on Newsweek's ranking of America's Greatest Workplaces – Professional Services. The ranking assesses publicly available data, more than 400,000 employee interviews and over 4.9 million comprehensive company reviews to track insights on company culture, working conditions, compensation and benefits, job security, work-life balance and training and career progression. In addition to the main list, there were sub-industry lists for professional services, financial services, health care, manufacturing, and technology. Kaminsky said PwC is focused on helping people grow both personally and professionally. "One of the biggest areas of focus right now is how to make smart investments in people," she said. "Clients are asking, 'Do we have the right skills for what's next? Are we training talent for the jobs we'll need—not just the ones we have today?' The future of work is being shaped right now and the leading organizations are embedding upskilling and workforce transformation core to their growth strategy." Through My AI, teams are building fluency and confidence in using AI to be more productive, creative and strategic, Kaminsky said. This allows employees to learn the latest technology responsibly and effectively to help clients as trusted advisers and help them grow in their careers. The company also built a Career Development Experience that give employee the tools, feedback and support they need to build their careers – from learning a new skill to trying different roles or working with different people across the firm. "As the workforce continues to evolve and offer new opportunities, it's important to attract candidates who are committed to upskilling and who remain intellectually curious and dedicated to learning throughout their career," she said. "It's important for people to be lifelong learners and continue to build new skills to meet tomorrow's demands and take advantage of new opportunities, like harnessing the full potential of artificial intelligence." These skills will help PwC as it works with clients externally to adapt to this emerging technology. Kaminsky said the conversation surrounding AI has shifted from experimentation to execution as clients are asking how they can scale AI across their business. "The problems our clients are facing are increasingly complex, so solving them takes collaboration, deep expertise and the ability to shift gears fast," she said. "They want to know where to focus, what to prioritize and how to move forward with confidence." And this starts with knowing when to ask the right questions. At PwC, Kaminsky said success is measured by how well they help clients solve their toughest problems and how well they support their people while doing it. Progress happens, she said, when you create the space to ask better questions, stay open to change and bring others along with you. Staying curious is "one of the most underrated leadership skills" and the key to making sure the firm stays ahead in times of constant change. "Insight lives in the questions we ask," she said. "Some of the boldest innovations start not with a brilliant idea, but with a well-placed doubt. 'What if we did this differently? Why now? What's the risk if we don't move? Do we have the right people at the table to make a decision?'" Photo-illustration by Newsweek/PwC Beyond helping clients succeed, Kaminsky said her role is also about helping shape future leaders through mentoring, advocating and adapting to an ever-changing business landscape. Good leadership, she said, requires bravery, being comfortable in the uncomfortable, admitting you don't have all the answers and knowing when to step up and when to step back to create space for others. Looking ahead, Kaminsky said she wants to leave the firm in a place where it can thrive for the next 175 years, and beyond. That means helping to build a future-ready business that is innovative, inclusive and resilient while investing in people, embracing new technology and creating a space for tomorrow's leaders to thrive. "It also means helping to redefine what leadership looks like in our industry," she said. "I want to continue pushing for a culture where empathy, curiosity and adaptability are seen as strengths—not soft skills. Where we recognize that trust and transformation aren't in conflict—they're connected." As a powerful woman in her industry, Kaminsky encourages young women in the corporate world to follow their "north star" goals and not to be afraid to make bold choices in pursuit of them. Kaminsky said the "glass ceiling" is still very much present for many women in various industries. But she tries to focus on what to do once you've broken through. "When you pull up a chair to the table, do you make room for someone else? Because if you're the first who looks like you in a room, your job is to make sure you're not the last," she said. "We've made progress. But we're not done. That's why I believe so deeply in mentorship and sponsorship. Not just helping people grow, but helping them be seen. Because no one gets ahead alone." Mentorship has played a major role in Kaminsky's career, as both a mentee and now a mentor for men and women starting their professional journeys. At PwC, new hires are partnered with mentors during onboarding to provide guidance and insights into the firm's culture and operational nuances. These career-long relationships foster a culture of continuous learning, adaptation and encouragement, Kaminsky said. While receiving feedback can be uncomfortable, she said asking someone to connect is worth it. "Don't just wait for formal programs to assign you a mentor – build your own network of trusted advisors," she said. "Surround yourself with people who see your potential, offer encouragement and challenge you to stretch. And when you're in a position to give back, do it. Some of the most powerful leadership lessons I've learned came not from being mentored, but from mentoring others. You grow by helping others grow."
Yahoo
28-05-2025
- General
- Yahoo
Northbrook residents demand removal of sign featuring Nazi symbol
NORTHBROOK, Ill. — In downtown Northbrook, a longstanding free speech zone is the focus of a new uproar with some neighbors saying it has now crossed the line into hate speech. 'It was terrible. It was just gut wrenching. It was shocking,' Jeff Kaminsky said. A sign at the corner of Shermer Road and Walters Avenue reads 'Northbrook stands with migrants' and shows a blue inverted triangle, which is a Nazi symbol. 'I live a block away. I can see it if I walk outside my door and come half a block up. I'm very upset by this,' Lisa Beth Gansberg with Friends of United Hatzalah said. 'This is a trigger. It just incites further violence.' As WGN was interviewing Gansberg, the man who created the sign, Lee Goodman, walked up to the corner. 'I just want to ask you what's your thought behind the triangle,' she asked him. Goodman turned away, saying he didn't want to speak with her on camera. But he did speak with WGN about the political message he's trying to send with the controversial sign. 'The blue triangle was worn by migrants in Nazi concentration camps in World War II and now that our president is sending people to a concentration camp in El Salvador, migrant groups have decided to adopt the blue triangle as a symbol of strength and resistance,' Goodman said. It's a symbol of hate and antisemitism, according to Kaminsky. 'He is weaponizing free speech, he's weaponizing the first amendment for shock, for Holocaust trauma,' Kaminsky said. A permanent sign at the corner tells anyone who reads it that the Village of Northbrook doesn't sponsor or endorse the temporary expressions. But anyone who wants to place a message there does have to submit it to the village manager's office for approval. 'They give a permit to virtually anyone,' Goodman said. Only adding to the offense, the sign is standing during Jewish American Heritage Month. 'If they truly believe hate has no home in Northbrook… that those words have meaning, to stand with the Jewish community, fight antisemitism, then they must take that sign down,' Kaminsky said. The Village of Northbrook issued the following statement regarding the sign: 'The Village President and Board of Trustees are aware of questions and concerns regarding a privately installed sign currently on display at the northwest corner of Shermer Road and Walters Avenue, a Village public forum area. For a half a century, the site has been a designated First Amendment Free Speech public forum for private individuals to display messages. There is a prominent sign on the public forum site clearly stating that the private display is not endorsed by the Village of Northbrook, and that no public funds have been used in connection with the display. All displays on the public forum are installed by private individuals or organizations at their own expense. The Village is permitted by law to restrict size and duration of displays, which it does. Northbrook is home to people of many backgrounds and communities of faith. As neighbors, we promote peaceful dialogue, dignity, and respect, and we reject hate and discrimination in all forms. We stand together as one community. At the regularly scheduled meeting of the Village Board on Tuesday, May 27, 2025, at 7:30 p.m., public comments are welcome by our residents.' The Chicago Jewish Alliance issued the following statement: 'Red Triangle. Blue Triangle. Nazi Symbols. Not Protest Props. In Nazi Germany, colored triangles weren't fashion statements. They were tools of state-sponsored dehumanization and precursors to murder. The red triangle marked political enemies targeted for destruction. Today, Hamas resurrects it to mark Israelis for death. The blue triangle labeled stateless refugees—people with no protection, no home, and no rights. Now in Northbrook, Illinois, both symbols are being grotesquely repurposed by Lee Goodman—a man who parades in a self-made Nazi prisoner uniform and exploits Holocaust imagery to cast himself as a modern-day victim on public land sanctioned by the Village. This is not remembrance. This is not protest. It is trauma theater. It is Holocaust appropriation. It is incitement. The Village of Northbrook has adopted resolutions against antisemitism and hate. Yet it allows this spectacle to remain. Tonight, we call on Northbrook to live up to its values: 1. Remove the display immediately. 2. Publicly condemn Lee Goodman for weaponizing Holocaust symbols. 3. Stop using public land to showcase provocateurs who harm and divide. 4. Stand with the Jewish community in action, not just rhetoric. Because when Holocaust trauma becomes street theater and hate hides behind free speech, it is not just offensive. It is dangerous. Speak out tonight at the Village Meeting. Make your voice heard.' Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Yahoo
24-05-2025
- Yahoo
Review of Sobotiak murder conviction revealed undisclosed police evidence, court filing says
The murder conviction stemming from the 1987 disappearance of an Edmonton woman has been thrown out, in part because there was undisclosed evidence from the police investigation. Roy Sobotiak's lawyers filed written arguments in support of his bail application on Friday, which shed light on issues they raised with the investigation and trial that ended in 1991, convicting Sobotiak of second-degree murder in the death of Susan Kaminsky. Namely, they outline issues around undisclosed evidence, an undercover "Mr. Big" police operation in the late 1980s and additional forensic evidence linked to the case — some of which was discovered after Sobotiak's conviction. "In 1991, the case against Mr. Sobotiak was seemingly very strong. He was with Ms. Kaminsky the night before her disappearance and it was believed that she never left his mother's house alive because of his confessions to [the undercover officer] and his further confession on arrest," the brief says. "Today, the factual landscape has fundamentally changed. There is a reasonable likelihood that the murder charge will be stayed on account of non-disclosure and/or due to the manner in which the Mr. Big operation was conducted." Kaminsky, a 34-year-old mother, vanished in February 1987 and her body was never found. Sobotiak, who was in his early 20s at the time, was the last known person to see her alive. He had told police that Kaminsky drove him home from his mother's house, where the two had spent time together after running into each other at a bar after midnight. The federal justice minister ordered a new trial for Sobotiak this year, nearly 36 years after Sobotiak was arrested and imprisoned. Court of King's Bench Justice Eric Macklin granted Sobotiak's release Friday. He is under a curfew and other court-ordered conditions. James Lockyer, a founding director of Innocence Canada and one of Sobotiak's lawyers, called him "the longest-serving wrongly convicted man in Canadian history." He noted the only other comparable case is Romeo Phillion, who spent nearly 32 years in prison before his murder conviction was quashed in 2003. A new trial was also ordered in that case, but Crown prosecutors in Ontario withdrew the murder charge against him in 2010. Sobotiak, now 61, applied for the justice minister to review his conviction, Lockyer told the court. A subsequent investigation by federal officials unearthed undisclosed evidence from police files, including evidence of other possible suspects in Kaminsky's disappearance, according to a written memorandum from Sobotiak's legal team. "Its impact on the outcome of the applicant's trial and the fairness of his trial had to be assessed," the brief says. The document, filed in the Court of King's Bench earlier this month, says the lawyers can't disclose specifics from the investigative report due to a confidentiality agreement. Sobotiak's lawyers argued the Mr. Big operation that was used to elicit Sobotiak's original confession was abusive, and can't stand up to legal scrutiny. In a Mr. Big sting, undercover police officers draw a suspect into a fictitious criminal organization. A Supreme Court of Canada ruling in 2014 set new standards for how this evidence can be used, with stricter rules about the legal admissibility of confessions made during these kinds of investigations. In this case, the written arguments say, the operation came with implicit threats of violence and induced Sobotiak to confess by portraying membership in the fake criminal group as a path to emotional and financial security. "The officers preyed on his vulnerabilities: his poverty, his mental health problems and his addictions," the brief says. "It is surprising that Mr. Sobotiak held out as long as he did." Sobotiak consistently denied any involvement in Kaminsky's disappearance over nearly 11 months of the Mr. Big sting — which started after police investigated Sobotiak through surveillance, wiretaps and a police informant who lived with him for several months. Details of the investigation were revealed in court during the original trial. Starting in October 1988, an undercover Edmonton Police Service detective befriended Sobotiak and took him along to staged drug deals and fake scouting trips to search for places to hide a dead body. The detective also bought Sobotiak food and alcohol, and paid him for being a "lookout" during drug transactions. By September 1989, police decided to try getting Sobotiak drunk "to see if it would cause him to 'say something.'" The undercover officer then pushed for details about Kaminsky's death in a hotel room, while Sobotiak drank an entire 26-ounce bottle of vodka. WATCH | Edmonton man gets bail with murder conviction overturned after 36 years in prison: In the videotaped meeting, Sobotiak becomes visibly intoxicated. The officer continued to press him with statements including, "'Our circle' knew he had killed Kaminsky and he needed to be honest if he wanted to be in their organization." Sobotiak then "adopted" the officer's suggestion that Kaminsky died by accident, the lawyers' brief says. He said she fell and broke her neck while he was trying to carry her down the stairs at his mother's house. The undercover detective prompted Sobotiak for details of Kaminsky's death in three more meetings over the following week. Sobotiak told a variety of stories, first repeating the death was an accident but adding that he'd transported her body from his mother's home in a duffel bag, dismembered it in his apartment, and disposed of it in two dumpsters. Then, he said he'd strangled her after a sexual encounter. The fourth and final time, after the officer told Sobotiak about "the importance of his confession as a means of entry into their criminal organization," he repeated the story, claiming he "just went berserk." Sobotiak was arrested the next day. The man he had been spending time with was officially revealed to him as a police officer. There's limited evidence about what was disclosed during Sobotiak's original trial, since the Crown and former defence lawyer's files have been destroyed, according to the brief filed in court. But the brief alleges "substantial" non-disclosure of evidence, saying the "most striking" examples are statements Sobotiak's mother and sister gave to police that suggested Kaminsky was alive when she left the home, before she disappeared. Another witness told police she saw a woman who resembled Kaminsky walking with a man, who wasn't Sobotiak, later on the day she disappeared — after the time police contended Sobotiak killed her. A young neighbour also told police about possible sightings of Kaminsky and her car on that day, later than the time Sobotiak told the undercover police officer he killed her. "Their statements would have undermined the veracity of Mr. Sobotiak's Mr. Big confessions and his further confession on arrest," the brief says. During the original trial, the defence received a police investigation report that mentioned "several ex-boyfriends" of Kaminsky had allegedly been violent to her, including one who an RCMP officer suggested should be considered a suspect in her disappearance. "No further information was provided about these partners of Ms. Kaminsky and what steps were taken to investigate them," the brief says. It adds that DNA analysis done in 2023 also doesn't support claims Sobotiak made during his confession in the Mr. Big sting, about putting Kaminsky's body in a duffel bag he owned and dismembering her in his apartment. The Alberta Crown Prosecution Service has yet to make a decision about whether they will put Sobotiak on trial a second time, nearly four decades after Kaminsky disappeared. The province has applied for a judicial review of the decision to order a new trial. There's no date yet when it might be heard in Federal Court, and Sobotiak's lawyers say it could take years to resolve.
Yahoo
08-04-2025
- General
- Yahoo
Hillel Academy hosts Passover celebration
VESTAL, N.Y. (WIVT/WBGH) – Students at Hillel Academy began celebrating the Jewish holiday of Passover today with a parade of flags and the traditional Seder meal. The parade was meant to symbolize the Jews flight from slavery in Egypt, which is the historical event commemorated by Passover. They also sang songs and discussed the symbolic importance of the seven items on the Seder plate, a shank bone, an egg, a vegetable, fruit and nut paste, two types of bitter herbs and Matzah. Student Jonah Kaminsky says it's like celebrating the Seder with an extended family. 'I think it's really nice because it's a whole Seder in one room and it's all organized,' said Kaminsky. The students also discussed the significance of following traditions that have existed for centuries. Passover begins Saturday at sundown. BU Students volunteer over 330 hours at local hippotherapy farm Empty Bowls fundraiser at Binghamton General tomorrow Binghamton University's $38 million library renovation Hillel Academy hosts Passover celebration Harpursville CSD employee facing serious criminal charges, fired by district Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
