Latest news with #KateQuigley
ABC News
10 hours ago
- Science
- ABC News
Selective breeding doubles heat tolerance of Ningaloo Reef coral, study finds
Unnatural selection has bred life in all shapes and sizes, and a globe-spanning team of scientists says the same practice might help save Western Australia's Ningaloo Reef. Mining billionaire Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest will share that finding at the United Nations Ocean Conference this week, after research backed by his philanthropic Mindaroo Foundation discovered that selective breeding could harden certain Indian Ocean corals against rising ocean temperatures. Kate Quigley, a molecular ecologist at the foundation's Exmouth laboratory, led the study. She said years of selective breeding trials had shown great promise for protecting the World Heritage site from coral bleaching. In the past summer alone, the reef faced widespread damage amid a record-breaking marine heatwave. But by manipulating its annual coral spawn, researchers claim they have confirmed a long-held hope. The new study re-engineers techniques first developed at the Great Barrier Reef. Samples of two Acropora coral species were taken from two sections of the Ningaloo Reef, separated by more than 100 kilometres. "We collected parent corals, so 'mum' and 'dad' corals from an on-average hot reef," Dr Quigley said. "Then, we also went down south to the southern part of Ningaloo Reef and collected what we call 'cool' parents. Alexandra Kler Lago, a master's student from the University of Bremen in Germany, said coral "matchmaking" came with "some pressure". Transporting fragile organisms from the southern tip of the world's largest fringing reef required a specially designed boat. "We had to develop these coolers with a pumping system to keep the water at a stable temperature," Ms Kler Lago said. Although the journey from the reef's more accessible northern colonies was passable by road, that too brought challenges. "We actually had to go to the shallow part with buckets and then carry them filled with water to the trucks," she said. The white-knuckle drive home aside, the breeding process was ultimately an exercise in extreme patience. "All the spawning happens at night, so if we shine a big bright light, that might disturb and hinder the whole process," Ms Kler Lago said. "We have to watch, look at buckets for hours, and look at specific cues that can tell us that breeding is imminent. When "the big night" arrived, Dr Quigley described sorting gametes, or egg and sperm bundles, into groups and allowing them to produce offspring. "We reared up these baby corals to essentially become teenager corals, and we put them through a stress test," she said. Repeated experiments suggested Acropora tenuis, a structural coral found throughout Ningaloo, with at least one "hot" parent and particularly a 'mum' possessed twice the ability to survive temperatures of 35.5 degrees Celsius than other genetic combinations. Australian Institute of Marine Science principal research scientist Chris Fulton said selective breeding was one possible solution for safeguarding the Ningaloo Reef. "We need to protect those corals … that have been robust and have resisted this heatwave event, so they have the best chance possible to repopulate the reef with a new warm-adapted … more resilient coral population." Dr Fulton returned from a trip to the World Heritage site earlier this month. He said water temperatures were only now beginning to drop. "This is the first time we've seen every part of the WA coast show signs of coral bleaching … it has been so hot for so long, over such a large scale that we obviously need to act on emissions reduction." Dr Quigley said further research was needed before attempting to grow heat-resistant corals in vulnerable parts of the reef. She echoed calls for carbon emissions reduction, saying conservation strategies such as selective breeding could only work "hand in hand" with climate policy. "We absolutely need emissions reductions to happen immediately in order for these techniques to have a meaningful impact," she said.
West Australian
16 hours ago
- Science
- West Australian
'Lifeline' for coral at risk of rising sea temperatures
Australian researchers are working to develop a coral that could be more resilient against the impact of warming sea temperatures. A study has revealed selectively breeding corals can enhance their tolerance, offering a short-term lifeline for reefs as ocean temperatures increase due to climate change. Researchers from Minderoo Foundation, in collaboration with multiple universities, have successfully bred heat-tolerant corals at Ningaloo. Ningaloo is a World Heritage-listed reef system off the Australian north-west coast that is under increasing threat from marine heatwaves and bleaching events. The study found selectively bred coral with at least one "parent" from reefs in warmer oceans had double the survival rate under extreme heat stress, compared to corals from cooler waters. It was the first successful demonstration of how selectively breeding corals could boost their tolerance to heat. Researchers wanted to see if small temperature differences resulted in corals with enhanced heat tolerance, principal research scientist Kate Quigley said. "Coral babies with at least one parent from the warmer reef exhibited significantly higher survival rates under heat stress," she said. The study signalled a crucial tool to help reefs survive in the short term, Minderoo Foundation founder Andrew Forrest said. "Of course, the only real and lasting solution to ending the destruction of coral reefs is the complete phase-out of fossil fuels," he said. "Coral reefs support the livelihoods of millions of people globally, provide critical shoreline protection and support more than a quarter of the ocean's biodiversity, but have suffered steep declines globally." In March 2025, World Heritage-listed reefs on either side of Australia bleached at the same time: Ningaloo in the west and the Great Barrier Reef in the east. Mass global bleaching that began in 2023 has spread to at least 82 countries and territories, impacting almost 84 per cent of the world's reefs. The study results come as the third United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC3) begins in Nice, in the south of France. Environment Minister Murray Watt will attend - his first major international engagement since taking on the portfolio. "Australia currently leads the world in the total area of ocean that is highly protected, but we want to go further," he said. "One of the key items for discussion at UNOC3 is the ratification of the High Seas Biodiversity Treaty, which provides greater environmental protection for seas beyond national borders. "At UNOC3, I will announce that Australia will introduce enabling legislation for the treaty in the spring sitting of parliament, with ratification of the treaty as soon as possible after that."
Perth Now
16 hours ago
- Science
- Perth Now
'Lifeline' for coral at risk of rising sea temperatures
Australian researchers are working to develop a coral that could be more resilient against the impact of warming sea temperatures. A study has revealed selectively breeding corals can enhance their tolerance, offering a short-term lifeline for reefs as ocean temperatures increase due to climate change. Researchers from Minderoo Foundation, in collaboration with multiple universities, have successfully bred heat-tolerant corals at Ningaloo. Ningaloo is a World Heritage-listed reef system off the Australian north-west coast that is under increasing threat from marine heatwaves and bleaching events. The study found selectively bred coral with at least one "parent" from reefs in warmer oceans had double the survival rate under extreme heat stress, compared to corals from cooler waters. It was the first successful demonstration of how selectively breeding corals could boost their tolerance to heat. Researchers wanted to see if small temperature differences resulted in corals with enhanced heat tolerance, principal research scientist Kate Quigley said. "Coral babies with at least one parent from the warmer reef exhibited significantly higher survival rates under heat stress," she said. The study signalled a crucial tool to help reefs survive in the short term, Minderoo Foundation founder Andrew Forrest said. "Of course, the only real and lasting solution to ending the destruction of coral reefs is the complete phase-out of fossil fuels," he said. "Coral reefs support the livelihoods of millions of people globally, provide critical shoreline protection and support more than a quarter of the ocean's biodiversity, but have suffered steep declines globally." In March 2025, World Heritage-listed reefs on either side of Australia bleached at the same time: Ningaloo in the west and the Great Barrier Reef in the east. Mass global bleaching that began in 2023 has spread to at least 82 countries and territories, impacting almost 84 per cent of the world's reefs. The study results come as the third United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC3) begins in Nice, in the south of France. Environment Minister Murray Watt will attend - his first major international engagement since taking on the portfolio. "Australia currently leads the world in the total area of ocean that is highly protected, but we want to go further," he said. "One of the key items for discussion at UNOC3 is the ratification of the High Seas Biodiversity Treaty, which provides greater environmental protection for seas beyond national borders. "At UNOC3, I will announce that Australia will introduce enabling legislation for the treaty in the spring sitting of parliament, with ratification of the treaty as soon as possible after that."
Yahoo
27-03-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
'Unprecedented' mass bleaching drains life from Australian reef
An "unprecedented" mass bleaching event has been recorded off Australia's western coast, scientists said Wednesday, turning huge chunks of a celebrated reef system a sickly dull white. A months-long marine heatwave had "cooked" the sprawling Ningaloo Reef, ocean scientist Kate Quigley said, part of a UNESCO World Heritage-listed marine park renowned for vibrant corals and migrating whale sharks. Although environment officials were still verifying the scale of damage, data collected by Quigley and a team of scientists found it was on track to be the reef's worst mass bleaching event in years. "Warm oceans have just cooked the corals this year," Quigley told AFP. "It wouldn't be amiss to throw in the word 'unprecedented'. "It has gone deep, it's not just the top of the reef that is bleaching. Many different species of coral are bleaching." The episode is part of an ongoing, fourth global coral bleaching event that began in 2023. "From 1 January 2023 to 20 March 2025, bleaching-level heat stress has impacted 83.6 percent of the world's reef areas", Derek Manzello of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) told AFP, with 81 countries or territories impacted. "The bleaching in Western Australia is particularly concerning, based on the initial information we've received from colleagues documenting the impacts, coupled with the severity of the ongoing heat stress." - Not a death sentence, yet - Branching through shallow waters along Australia's western coast, the 300-kilometre (185-mile) Ningaloo Reef is one of the largest "fringing reefs" in the world. The unfolding mass bleaching looked to be the worst since 2011, Quigley said. Ocean waters lapping Western Australia have been as much as three degrees warmer than average over recent summer months, the government weather bureau said. Rising temperatures shot past the "bleaching threshold" sometime in mid-January, according to monitoring by NOAA in the United States. Bleaching occurs when warm waters trigger a biological response, forcing coral to expel the colourful algae embedded in their tissues. "Bleaching is a sickness, but it does not mean outright death," said Quigley, a research scientist with environment-focused charity Minderoo Foundation. "But if it is bad enough, the corals will die." - 'Just shocking' - Government data showed smaller patches of coral bleaching had also been spotted at the northern tip of the more famous Great Barrier Reef on Australia's east coast. Quigley said the Ningaloo Reef and the Great Barrier Reef were shaped by different weather patterns -- and it was rare to see bleaching on both at the same time. "What we're seeing is the level of ocean warming is so great, it's overriding the local conditions in some places. "It's just shocking. When we take a national snapshot, it's extremely concerning." The Great Barrier Reef, a popular tourist attraction, has suffered five mass bleachings over the past eight years. Quigley said the extent of damage on the Great Barrier Reef was not currently widespread enough to be considered "mass bleaching". Global average temperatures were the hottest on record in 2024, with prolonged heatwaves in many of the planet's oceans causing alarm. A prolonged global episode of heat-related bleaching impacted almost 80 percent of the world's coral reefs between 2023 and 2024, a leading US science agency found in October. Warming seas, overfishing and pollution are threatening coral reef systems the world over, warned a major UN report in December. The average sea surface temperature around Australia was the "highest on record" in 2024, an Australian National University study reported last week. Australia sits on bulging deposits of coal, gas, metals and minerals, with mining and fossil fuels stoking decades of near-unbroken economic growth. But it is increasingly suffering from more intense heatwaves, bushfires and drought, which scientists have linked to climate change. bur-sft/ia/sst
