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The Diplomat
a day ago
- Politics
- The Diplomat
The Roots of the Thailand-Cambodia Border Conflict
On the morning of July 24, in circumstances that remain the subject of dispute, fighting erupted between Thai and Cambodian soldiers close to Ta Moan Thom, an eleventh-century Khmer-Hindu temple perched on the border between the two countries. Within hours, the fighting had spread to other parts of the border, where both armies deployed heavy weaponry, including multiple-launch rocket systems, artillery, and tanks. Cambodia fired batteries of Russia-made BM-21 rockets and artillery shells into Thailand while the Thai air force scrambled F-16 jets to bomb Cambodian military targets. As of press time, the conflict had killed more than 30 people, including 13 civilians in Thailand and eight in Cambodia, and more than 200,000 people had been evacuated from border areas. The outbreak of the conflict, which followed months of growing tensions over the nations' land and maritime boundaries, has confused many international observers. This hasn't been helped by the fact that both nations have adopted the position of victim, accusing the other of a campaign of premeditated aggression. Thailand claims that Cambodian soldiers fired the first shots at Ta Moan Thom, while Cambodia's government asserts that its troops retaliated after an 'unprovoked incursion' by Thai forces and 'acted strictly within the bounds of self-defense.' Both claim that the other has targeted civilian populations and violated international law. The two governments' views have been dishearteningly echoed by many media outlets in both countries, as well as (less surprisingly) by Thai and Cambodian netizens, who have deployed to defend their nations' honor and innocence on the battlefields of social media. As some observers have noted, the conflict involves much more than the few square kilometers of rugged terrain that are in dispute. Indeed, it is hard to understand why the conflict has broken out, and its timing, without understanding the weight of nationalist sentiments that lie behind it, as well as the ways that these have been exploited and instrumentalized by politicians on both sides of the border. Colonial Origins Like so much else, the Thailand-Cambodia border conflict is a vestige of Western colonialism – in particular, of a treaty signed between Siam and French Indo-China in 1904, which set the land border between the two polities. This treaty, which was modified by a subsequent treaty in 1907, charged a Mixed Delimitation Commission, made up of French and Siamese officials, with 'setting the new boundaries' within four months of the treaty's ratification. But the Commission would never finish its work, leaving considerable stretches of the border undemarcated. Meanwhile, the French produced their own maps that appeared to deviate from the text of the 1904 and 1907 treaties in certain respects, creating issues that have been a subject of contention ever since. Most recently, between 2008 and 2011, Thailand and Cambodia clashed over Preah Vihear temple, another Angkorian temple ruin perched on the top of the Dangrek escarpment, which the International Court of Justice (ICJ) had awarded to Cambodia in 1962. By the time it came to a halt, the sporadic border conflict had killed at least 16 people and displaced around 36,000. There are technical issues that make the Cambodia-Thailand border issue challenging, including significant divergences in the cartographic methods used in the maps that each side insists should be used as the basis for negotiations. (Cambodia prefers the old French maps, Thailand its own, more detailed charts.) But any rational attempt to resolve the crisis, such as by drawing up new maps suitable to both sides, has been complicated by the extent of the nationalist fears and passions that are attached to both nations' borders. For many Cambodians and Thais, the prospect of territorial loss, however insignificant, is closely connected to deep-seated feelings of national loss and humiliation. Writing of Cambodia in 1991, Anthony Barnett argued that due to Cambodia's gradual loss of political territory since the heyday of the Angkorian Empire, a 'fear of extinction' was unusually central to the country's national imaginary. He observed that while such a fear was present in many expressions of nationalism, it was often confined to the extremes of the political spectrum. But 'in the case of Cambodia, it is central,' he wrote. 'There can be few countries where the theme has been accorded such weight both by its inhabitants and by foreigners.' This, too, is a legacy of French colonial rule. As Penny Edwards details in her book 'Cambodge: Cultivation of a Nation, 1860-1945,' it was during the French protectorate that a small group of 'French and Cambodian literati' helped shape an emergent Cambodian 'national' culture. This took the legacy of the Angkorian Empire, and the image of the magnificent temple of Angkor Wat, as its touchstone. The French encouraged Cambodians to identify themselves as the inheritors of Angkor, but also described them as a 'vanished race' whose straightened existence offered a living reminder of the potential of national erasure. This embedded a paradox at the heart of the Cambodian nationalist discourse that would take shape by the 1930s. 'Idealized in national anthems, flags, and ceremony,' Edwards wrote, the image of Angkor Wat 'came to stand as political shorthand for two enduring nationalist tropes, symbolizing faith in Cambodia's past glory and fears of that country's future disappearance.' Historically, most of this anxiety has focused on Vietnam, which, from the eighteenth century onward, had slowly absorbed the territories of Kampuchea Krom ('lower Cambodia'), in what is now southern Vietnam. But perceived Thai transgressions have also been combustive, in spite (or perhaps because of) the greater cultural affinities between the two nations. In 2003, Khmer-language press reports claimed that a Thai actress said that Cambodia had 'stolen' Angkor Wat, and that she would not visit the country until it was 'returned' to Thailand. In response, mobs of protesters sacked the Thai Embassy and numerous Thai businesses, causing millions of dollars in damage. The riots may have been inflamed by the country's leader, Hun Sen, for his own political purposes – the riots took place six months before a national election – but he was dealing with politically flammable materials. While the current conflict cannot easily be reduced to a 'dispute over temples,' the presence of Angkorian ruins along the border with Thailand undoubtedly heightens the emotional and political stakes for many Cambodians. Thai nationalism contains a parallel anxiety about the integrity of the nation's borders. While Thais routinely express pride in the fact that they were the only Southeast Asian nation not to be colonized by the West, the Kingdom of Siam nonetheless experienced 'continuous, sometimes violent confrontations with Western powers,' according to the historian Shane Strate. In his 2015 book 'The Lost Territories: Thailand's History of National Humiliation,' Strate argued that Thai pride in having avoided colonization by the West co-mingles with a second, more baleful theme: one that 'identifies the costs and consequences of survival, often portraying Siam as victim rather than victor.' In Strate's telling, this political narrative identifies and fixates on a series of 'lost territories': tracts of land that 'once belonged to the Thai state but that were taken away by hostile powers through deceit or aggression.' These include the territories of what is today Laos, which were ceded to France at the point of a naval gun in 1893, the western Cambodian provinces of Battambang, Sisophon, and Siem Reap (including Angkor Wat), which were ceded to France in the border treaty of 1907, and the Malay provinces of Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, and Perlis, which Siam signed over to Great Britain in 1909. This narrative of national humiliation helps to explain why Thai nationalists are so apparently unnerved by the actions of their objectively much weaker neighbor: behind Cambodia's contemporary territorial claims lie memories of humiliating capitulations to Western powers. In both nations, these resonant narratives have played an important role in politics, where they have been used both to assert and to challenge governments' legitimacy – and to provide a distraction from more material concerns. For decades, opponents of the hegemonic Cambodian People's Party (CPP), which was installed in power by the Vietnamese army after it removed the Khmer Rouge regime in 1979, have accused it of being a 'puppet' of Vietnam and a collaborator in Hanoi's supposedly never-ending quest to absorb Cambodian territory. For this reason, the CPP has historically shied away from anti-Vietnamese rhetoric, but as the anti-Thai riots of 2003 showed, whipping up sentiment against Thailand has offered a 'safer' means of buttressing the government's patriotic credentials. Similarly, in Thai politics, as Strate writes, 'an effective way to discredit political opponents is to associate them with territorial loss.' In 2008, Thai conservatives and royalist 'yellow shirt' activists successfully ginned up a conflict over the Preah Vihear temple, after Cambodia requested that UNESCO list it as a World Heritage Site. They did so at least in part to bring down a government aligned with their nemesis, former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The current conflict bears many features of this earlier clash. Overlapping Anxieties Last year, Phnom Penh and Bangkok announced plans to resume negotiations over an Overlapping Claims Area (OCA) in the Gulf of Thailand, an area rich in oil and gas deposits. The chances of resolving this protracted dispute – the 27,000 square kilometer area had been contested since the 1970s – seemed favorable. Thailand was led by the Pheu Thai, a party associated with Thaksin Shinawatra, who had recently returned from Cambodia after more than 15 years in self-exile. In August, Thaksin's daughter Paetongtarn, then 37, was appointed prime minister after her predecessor, Srettha Thavisin, was removed from office for an ethics breach. Cambodia was led by Hun Manet, the eldest son of Hun Sen, who had ruled Cambodia for 38 years before transferring power to his son a year earlier. The Hun and Shinawatra families had been friendly since Thaksin's time as prime minister in the early 2000s – Hun Sen had reportedly described Thaksin as his 'god-brother' and appointed him an economic advisor during the Preah Vihear dispute – boding well for the resolution of the maritime dispute. As one observer had noted a few months earlier, 'the time may be ripe for finally unlocking natural resources in the Gulf of Thailand.' Instead, much the opposite was the case. After the announcement, the Thai government came under immediate fire from royalist conservatives, who remained hostile to Thaksin despite the political compromise that allowed him to return to Thailand in August 2023. This had seen his Pheu Thai party form a government with a number of conservative and military-backed parties, in order to block Move Forward, a more progressive (and therefore threatening) party, from forming a government in the wake of the general election that had taken place in May. These critics, who included both conservative political parties and 'yellow shirt' ultra-royalists, claimed (incorrectly) that a resolution of the OCA could force Thailand to give up its claim to Koh Kut, an island in the Gulf of Thailand, which Cambodian nationalists continued to claim on the basis of the 1907 treaty. In particular, they fixated on Thaksin's friendship with Hun Sen, suggesting that the former Thai PM might sell out Thai interests in a mutually beneficial backroom deal with the Cambodian strongman. This naturally prompted reactions from Cambodian patriots, including exiled opposition figures, who reasserted their own dormant claim to Koh Kut and pressured Hun Manet's government to defend the claim. Both governments hardened their stance. The talks on the OCA stalled. At a certain point, the tensions then migrated to the Thailand-Cambodia land border. In February of this year, as Thai and Cambodian nationalists traded barbs over Koh Kut, a video of Cambodian troops and family members singing a patriotic song in front of Ta Moan Thom temple was posted on social media. The song reportedly included the lyrics, 'all Khmer people are happy to sacrifice their lives when the nation is at war and shedding blood.' The incident prompted Thailand to send a formal protest to the Cambodian government, and Defense Minister Phumtham Wechayachai, referring to the earlier clashes over Preah Vihear temple, and expressing worries 'that history will repeat itself.' The incident led both sides to begin reinforcing infrastructure along disputed stretches of the border. According to satellite analysis conducted last week by Nathan Ruser of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), these preparations intensified after May 28, when Thai and Cambodian soldiers engaged in a brief exchange of gunfire at Chong Bok, an undemarcated area close to the triborder junction with Laos, a clash that left one Cambodian soldier dead. The following day, Ruser noted, Cambodian forces 'began a significant movement of elite troops and strategic assets towards the Cambodian border,' including artillery. Thailand responded in kind. In the first week of June, Hun Manet announced plans to bring the issue to the ICJ, requesting that it rule on the Chong Bok area as well as the areas adjacent to the Ta Moan Thom, Ta Moan Toch, and Ta Krabei temples. Phnom Penh's unilateral decision to approach the ICJ, a body whose jurisdiction Thailand does not recognize, and whose past rulings on Preah Vihear temple it does not accept, did little to calm the situation. Bangkok viewed the proposal as a violation of an understanding that border issues should be resolved bilaterally, via the Joint Border Commission (JBC) that had been established for this purpose in 2000. A meeting of the JBC on June 14 did little to calm tensions. Then, on June 18, Hun Sen dropped a bombshell, leaking a recording of a phone call that he had had with Paetongtarn three days earlier. The release of the call was politically damaging to the young Thai leader. In the recording, she can be heard pressing Hun Sen, whom she refers to deferentially as 'uncle,' for a peaceful resolution to the dispute and vowing to 'take care of whatever' he needed. Most explosively, she effectively accused Lt. Gen. Boonsin Padklang, the commander of Thailand's Second Army Region, of inciting anti-government sentiment on the border issue and of being 'completely aligned with the other side' (i.e., her domestic political opponents). The leak, which Hun Sen followed with 'revelations' that Thaksin had criticized the monarchy, violating Thailand's harsh lese-majeste law, was clearly intended to bring down his daughter's government. Sure enough, a major conservative party promptly withdrew from her coalition, while conservatives and liberals alike demanded her resignation. On July 1, Paetongtarn was suspended from office by the Constitutional Court pending an investigation of her conduct during the call. Under fire from the nationalist fringe, the Pheu Thai government toughened its stance on the border, tightening border crossings and announcing its intention of combating online scam operations that continue to flourish inside the Cambodian border. In mid-July, Thai police issued an arrest warrant for Kok An, a prominent Cambodian tycoon and CPP senator, accusing him of money laundering and involvement in a transnational criminal organization, and raided numerous Thai properties linked to his family. Hun Sen's breach of regional diplomatic protocol also destroyed the relationship with the Shinawatras, both intensifying the crisis and complicating its resolution. As the Cambodian and Thai armies traded fire along the border last week, the two leaders exchanged rhetorical salvoes on social media. In a post on X, Thaksin claimed that Hun Sen had ordered the attack on Thai territory 'after laying explosive traps along the border,' a reference to two landmine blasts that injured Thai soldiers on July 16 and July 23. The Cambodian politician shot back, accusing Thaksin of initiating the war 'under the pretext of taking revenge on Hun Sen.' Thaksin later said that many countries are 'offering help to mediate' in the Thai-Cambodian border clashes, but said that 'we need to let the Thai army teach that wily Hun Sen a lesson.' Getting Inside Hun Sen's Head While the political dynamics in Thailand are familiar – royalist conservatives and army men weaponizing the 'lost territories' narrative to attack a government associated with Thaksin – those on the Cambodian side are more opaque. Complicating the puzzle further is the fact that while appealing to international law and calling for the intercession of the ICJ and the U.N. Security Council, Phnom Penh has arguably played a disproportionate role in escalating the conflict. In his satellite analysis for ASPI, the closest thing we have to an objective accounting of the lead-up to the outbreak of the conflict, Ruser noted '33 escalatory events instigated by Cambodia, 14 escalatory events instigated by Thailand, and 9 joint de-escalatory events.' It is unclear if this includes Hun Sen's inflammatory leak of his phone call with Paetongtarn. A number of plausible theories for Hun Sen's behavior, including the leak, have been floated. One is that Hun Sen wished to bring down the Pheu Thai government in order either to scuttle its casino legalization bill, which threatened to reduce the profits of Cambodia's own gaming sector, and/or to forestall its crackdown on Cambodia-based cybercrime operations upon which his government's patronage networks allegedly rely. (Thailand's decision to go after Kok An, an important ally of Hun Sen, may well have been a red line.) Another theory holds that Hun Sen fomented the crisis in order to burnish his son's nationalist credentials, although this has been undermined somewhat by the fact that it is Hun Sen, rather than Hun Manet, who has been depicted as leading the country through the crisis. The one clear thing is the unanimity of public sentiment that the conflict has created within Cambodia. The government's position – that Cambodia is a victim of premeditated Thai aggression – has reflexively been adopted by most of Cambodian public opinion, from social media users to journalists, civil society leaders, and exiled opposition figures living in exile. At the very least, anyone opposing the current course of events is loath to say so publicly. This may point to the real reason why Cambodia's leaders have encouraged the conflict. Since a contested election in 2013 in which opposition forces came close to victory, the CPP government, backed increasingly by China, has eliminated most sources of opposition and reverted to ruling more openly by force. In this context, stoking nationalism may be a good way of rallying the nation around the flag and compensating for the government's dearth of democratic legitimacy. It may also serve to distract attention from more pressing concerns, including the stagnating economy, which is threatened by U.S. President Donald Trump's tariff war, and the crime and reputational impacts stemming from Chinese-run scam operations. Robust Chinese support has also arguably made the Cambodian government more confident in asserting its interests vis-à-vis its two larger neighbors. This is even the case with Vietnam, as the recent frictions over Cambodia's planned Funan Techo Canal have shown. However, as in 2003 and 2008, Thailand remains a safer and more manipulable target of nationalist brinkmanship. How far things will go remains unclear – but if elements in both Thailand and Cambodia have had a political interest in pushing the dispute to the point of conflict, neither government has much interest in a full-scale war. Cambodia would likely lose any such conflict badly, which, in addition to its large human costs, would potentially threaten the CPP's hold on power. For Thailand, victory would be double-edged. A war in which Thailand's military beats up on its much weaker neighbor, after refusing to open the dispute to adjudication by the ICJ, would embitter its relations with its major Western partners and compound the already serious problems facing the Thai economy. All this suggests that the two nations will sooner or later find a face-saving way to pull back from the precipice. The fact that Hun Manet and Thailand's acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai have agreed to meet in Malaysia for talks this week suggests that a ceasefire may be in the offing. But a comprehensive solution, which would require both nations to make concessions on issues that touch on keen nationalist sensitivities, would require more political capital than either government currently possesses. If the history of the past century is any indication, the border issue will then return to a state of dormancy. Like a landmine in the underbrush, it will remain concealed, awaiting the next incautious political footfall.
Newsweek
4 days ago
- Newsweek
US Issues Urgent Travel Warning For Two Nations
Based on facts, either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources. Newsweek AI is in beta. Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content. The U.S. has warned American citizens about the increased risks of traveling to Cambodia and Thailand amid a border dispute between the two countries which has left at least 32 dead and prompted the evacuation of tens of thousands. The U.S. State Department raised its travel advisory on Friday from level one to level two, warning American citizens to avoid the border between the countries due to civil unrest. Morgan Stark, from geopolitical and cyber risk consultancy S-RM told Newsweek while the border dispute dates back decades, what is new this time is how Thai authorities have tried to disrupt the logistics infrastructure of organized scam networks extending into Thailand from Cambodia. Cambodian soldiers stand on a military truck with an anti-aircraft gun in Oddar Meanchey province on July 26, 2025. Cambodian soldiers stand on a military truck with an anti-aircraft gun in Oddar Meanchey province on July 26, 2025. TANGWhy It Matters The updated U.S. travel advisory comes amid concerns over an escalation of a long-standing dispute between the two Southeast Asian neighbors who share a 500-mile land border—largely mapped by France when it ruled Cambodia for 90 years until 1953. What To Know On Friday, the U.S. State Department updated its travel advisories for Cambodia and Thailand on Friday, from level one to level two, with level four being the strongest warning. Part of the advisory included a level four warning to avoid all but essential travel within 50 km (30 miles) of the border due to fighting between Cambodian and Thai military, including rocket and artillery fire which caused civilian casualties. It said the U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in these provinces due to the armed conflict. A similar warning was also put in place for Thailand, with the travel advisory being updated to level two for the whole country, and level four for the border area. Thailand and Cambodia have each accused the other of firing the first shots, Bangkok saying hostilities began with Cambodia's military deploying drones to conduct surveillance of Thai troops near the border. Cambodia says Thailand started the conflict when it violated a prior agreement by advancing on a Khmer-Hindu temple near the border. Tensions erupted into fighting when a land mine explosion along the border wounded five Thai soldiers on Wednesday. The Thai government said more than 58,000 people have fled to temporary shelters in four affected border provinces and Cambodian authorities said more than 23,000 people have been evacuated from areas near the border. Stark, from S-RM, told Newsweek Thai authorities coordinated raids at 19 different locations on the border last week in an attempt to disrupt scam networks extending into their territory from Cambodia. Cambodian opposition figures have speculated this pressure from Thai authorities may have motivated a Cambodian response at the border, on the basis that revenues from scam groups, allegedly fund the Cambodian government, Stark said. While these claims have not been corroborated, highly informed parties on the ground in Cambodia believe that senior officials are on the take from these criminal groups, he added. What People Are Saying U.S. State Department: "Do not travel to areas within 50 km of the Thai-Cambodian border due to ongoing fighting between Thai and Cambodian military forces … There are reports of fighting, including rocket and artillery fire, between Cambodian and Thai forces along the border." Thailand's ambassador to the United Nations, Cherdchai Chaivaivid, told a Security Council meeting: "Thailand urges Cambodia to immediately cease all hostilities and acts of aggression, and resume dialogue in good faith." Cambodia's defense ministry said in a statement Thailand had launched: "a deliberate, unprovoked, and unlawful military attack" and that "deliberate military preparations reveal Thailand's intent to expand its aggression and further violate Cambodia's sovereignty." Morgan Stark, head of Asia at geopolitical and cyber risk consultancy S-RM: "Ongoing tension in the relationship between the Thai civilian government and military is also a recurring dynamic in the dispute." What Happens Next Both sides have sought diplomatic support and called on the other to cease fighting and start negotiations. The U.N. Security Council held an emergency meeting Friday and Malaysia, which chairs the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that includes both countries, called for an end to hostilities and offered to mediate.
Yahoo
5 days ago
- Politics
- Yahoo
Thailand warns clashes with Cambodia could 'move towards war'
Thailand's leader has said that intense fighting between Thailand and Cambodia, which has killed at least 16 people and displaced tens of thousands, could "move towards war". Acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai's warning comes as fighting at a disputed border entered a second day, marking a dramatic escalation of the dispute that dates back more than a century. In Thailand, clashes in the Ubon Ratchathani and Surin provinces wounded dozens and displaced more than 100,000 civilians. Some 1,500 families in Cambodia's Oddar Meanchey province have been evacuated. World leaders are calling for an immediate ceasefire. Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, who chairs the Association of South East Asian Nations or Asean, said he appealed to leaders of both countries for an immediate ceasefire. "I welcome the positive signals and willingness shown by both Bangkok and Phnom Penh to consider this path forward," Anwar wrote on Facebook late Thursday. Despite Anwar's optimism, fighting continued through the night. Thailand says 14 civilians and one soldier have been killed so far. Provincial authorties in Cambodia said at least one civilian in Oddar Meanchey was killed. At a sports complex which has been converted into an evacuation centre in Thailand's Surin province, evacuees - many of them children and elderly - said they were still shaken by the rocket and artillery attacks they witnessed on Thursday. Older evacuees who had lived through bombardments during the Cambodian Civil War of the 1980s told the BBC the recent fighting was the worst they had experienced. The US has also called for an "immediate cessation of hostilities, protection of civilians and a peaceful resolution of the conflict". "We are ... gravely concerned by the escalating violence along the Thailand Cambodia border, and deeply saddened by reports of harm to civilians," State Department spokesman Tommy Pigott said at a regular media briefing. China, which has political and strategic ties with Cambodia and Thailand, said it is "deeply concerned" over the conflict and hope both sides can resolve issues through dialogue and consultation. Australia, the European Union and France have also called for peace. The United Nations Security Council is expected to meet on Friday over the conflict. In a letter to the council on Thursday, Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Manet had urged it to intervene to "stop Thailand's aggression". Thailand and Cambodia have accused the other of firing the first shots on Thursday. Thailand claims the clash began with Cambodia's military deploying drones to conduct surveillance of Thai troops near the border. Cambodia says Thai soldiers initiated the conflict when they violated a prior agreement by advancing on a Khmer-Hindu temple near the border. The dispute between the two countries dates back to more than a hundred years ago, when the borders of the two nations were drawn after the French occupation of Cambodia. There were sporadic clashes over the years which saw soldiers and civilians killed on both sides. The latest tensions ramped up in May after a Cambodian soldier was killed in a clash. This plunged bilateral ties to their lowest point in more than a decade. Additional reporting by Lulu Luo and Jonathan Head in Surin The fractured friendship behind the fight at the Thailand-Cambodia border Why are Thailand and Cambodia fighting at the border? Solve the daily Crossword
BBC News
5 days ago
- Politics
- BBC News
Thailand-Cambodia border: Clashes continue as death toll rises and thousands displaced
Fighting between Thailand and Cambodia entered a second day on Friday, killing at least 15 people and displacing tens of thousands, as world leaders call for a fighting at a disputed border erupted Thursday, marking a dramatic escalation of the dispute between the two South East Asian neighbours that dates back more than a Thailand, clashes in the Ubon Ratchathani and Surin provinces wounded dozens and displaced more than 100,000 civilians. Some 1,500 families in Cambodia's Oddar Meanchey province have been Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim says he has appealed to leaders of both countries for an immediate ceasefire. "I welcome the positive signals and willingness shown by both Bangkok and Phnom Penh to consider this path forward," Anwar, who chairs the Association of South East Asian Nations or Asean, wrote on says 14 civilians and one soldier have been killed so far while Cambodia has not released a casualty US has also called for an "immediate cessation of hostilities, protection of civilians and a peaceful resolution of the conflict". "We are ... gravely concerned by the escalating violence along the Thailand Cambodia border, and deeply saddened by reports of harm to civilians," State Department spokesman Tommy Pigott said at a regular media which has political and strategic ties with Cambodia and Thailand, said it is "deeply concerned" over the conflict and hope both sides can resolve issues through dialogue and the European Union and France have also called for peace. The United Nations Security Council is expected to meet on Friday over the a letter to the council on Thursday, Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Manet had urged it to intervene to "stop Thailand's aggression".Thailand and Cambodia have accused the other of firing the first shots on Thursday. Thailand claims the clash began with Cambodia's military deploying drones to conduct surveillance of Thai troops near the says Thai soldiers initiated the conflict when they violated a prior agreement by advancing on a Khmer-Hindu temple near the dispute between the two countries dates back to more than a hundred years ago, when the borders of the two nations were drawn after the French occupation of were sporadic clashes over the years which saw soldiers and civilians killed on both latest tensions ramped up in May after a Cambodian soldier was killed in a clash. This plunged bilateral ties to their lowest point in more than a decade.
