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Scoop
an hour ago
- General
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Reviewing Our Strategy To Go Predator Free By 2050
Press Release – Science Media Centre Pest eradication amongst 5.2 million people going about their lives in towns, cities, farms, and industry will be a massive challenge, says Dr Grant Norbury, Principal Researcher, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Are New Zealand's upcoming predator free goals on the right track? Should we stick with the current target species list as is, or include other predators like feral cats? These are just some of the questions that the public is being invited to comment on as part of a strategy review of the Predator Free 2050 goal for the next five years. It's running in tandem with another public consultation on the next plan to implement New Zealand's biodiversity strategy for the next five years. Both plans are open for public submissions until 30 June. The SMC asked experts to comment. Professor James Russell, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, comments: 'The Predator Free 2050 strategy review signals that the New Zealand Government continues to take Predator Free New Zealand (PFNZ) seriously and is taking the opportunity to reflect on lessons from the first 10 years to fine tune the next five years. This coincides with a shift in the governance of PFNZ with the duties of the Government's original lead agency PF2050 Ltd now being transferred to the Department of Conservation (DOC). PF2050 Ltd made critical contributions to getting PFNZ underway by spearheading new projects on the ground that involved the community, enabling innovators to deliver new tools, and expanding the conservation frontier to rural and urban landscapes. 'There are some big questions the review is asking for feedback on, one of the biggest being whether the PFNZ programme should be strictly interpreted only as an eradication strategy for possums, rats and mustelids, or whether the PFNZ programme should be considered more literally as the management strategy for all non-native predators in New Zealand, and so expand its scope to include other species such as feral cats and mice (which are major predators of lizards). Importantly, whatever the outcome, introduced predators excluded from the scope of PFNZ would still be managed, and it is recognised that introduced predators are not the only threat to New Zealand's biodiversity. 'The strategy for the next five years also needs to get the balance of investment right among planning, innovating and doing. Complete eradication of every last individual is not something that can be rushed into, and we need to make sure the PFNZ programme is being implemented in such a way so as to maximise the probability of successful eradication while minimising the costs, all the while generating the best outcomes for biodiversity. To ensure accountability, a set of new 2030 goals are proposed against which progress can be assessed to ensure PFNZ is continuing to proceed in the right direction at the right speed. 'To some extent the feasibility of achieving a Predator Free New Zealand is not so much a question of technical nor social feasibility, but simply one of cost – using technical and social innovation can we reduce the currently high cost of eradicating the target predators to a lower price which is affordable and acceptable to the New Zealand public and government. Predator Free New Zealand was always going to be an inter-generational programme and it is only a quarter of the way through its life, but its achievements are clear already and so is the fact that New Zealanders from all walks of life support these achievements.' Conflict of interest statement: 'James has received funding from the Department of Conservation, PF2050 Ltd and Zero Invasive Predators. He is on the organising committee of the Island Invasives 2026 conference.' Dr Duane Peltzer, Principal Scientist, Ecosystem Ecology, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, comments: Note: Dr Peltzer is commenting on both the Biodiversity Strategy review and the Predator Free 2050 review. 'The fate of our indigenous species and ecosystems is strongly affected by chronic threats from biological invasions including weeds, pests and diseases, and exacerbated by climate change. What is clear from Te Mana o te Taiao (the NZ Biodiversity Strategy) and embedded initiatives like Predator Free 2050 is that current efforts and approaches require greater resourcing and sustained effort to address these intertwined crises. 'The pair of implementation discussion documents out for public comment highlight major themes and critical actions clearly, and emphasise that co-ordinated actions are required across central and regional government. Perhaps unsurprisingly, there's a stronger emphasis on economics, investment and resourcing of biodiversity and conservation management than has featured previously. 'The focus throughout these implementation plans is on government agency actions, and some consideration is given to supporting or resourcing communities, landowners and business (Action 6). However, there are many additional opportunities, and perhaps hope, for making new progress toward biodiversity goals like: Considering the potential role of international 'nature-based' investments for biodiversity gains; and, Building skills and capacity for innovation of our workforce could be supported through major science system reforms including the emerging 'public research organisations' (including my own organisation becoming a PRO for 'bioeconomy') and universities; Meaningful action to improve local and indigenous people's role in biodiversity management is seen as a priority internationally, and could build strongly on aspirations for land and economic welfare beyond 'increasing protection of biodiversity on private and Māori land'. 'Most themes and critical actions not only require co-ordination or innovation among government agencies as repeatedly recommended by the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, but rely crucially on social acceptance and support. A tangible example of this is considering the inclusion of cats as part of predator free activities: technical progress on management will fail without better approaches to navigate the difficult social dimensions of feral cats as pets and predators. Similarly, other introduced species like deer and pines are loved or loathed depending on species, location and people's perceptions. This reflects our pluralism for biodiversity and biosecurity that is scarcely acknowledged in these plans, yet pervasive. Therein lies a grand unresolved challenge of 'implementation'; how do we best achieve aspirational goals across diverse communities and landscapes?' Conflict of interest statement: 'I'm a past member and co-leader of the 'Advancing our knowledge' Predator Free 2050 collaborative group, was engaged with development of te mana o te taiao as part of the New Zealand's Biological Science Heritage National Science Challenge, and am the incoming Portfolio Leader for the Managing Invasive Species Group within Manaaki Whenua which includes research on predator ecology and management.' Dr Courtney Addison, Senior Lecturer, School of Science in Society, Victoria University of Wellington, comments: Comment on inclusion of cats 'One of the key developments in the Predator Free Strategy Review is the question of whether the PF remit should expand to include cats, mice and hedgehogs. 'Until now Predator Free has, culturally speaking, focused on three relatively 'easy' targets: in Aotearoa, rats (excluding kiore) and possums have strong, undesirable cultural associations and are even reviled. This has made it relatively straightforward to propose killing those species, and indeed, the many active PF projects around the country reflect a widespread willingness to do so. 'Cats and to a lesser extent hedgehogs are a different proposition. Many New Zealanders own and care for cats, share their homes with them, and regard them as companions or even family members. They grieve cats when they die, and often go to great lengths to ensure their comfort and longevity. The Strategy document distinguishes between feral, stray, and domestic cats, but whether these distinctions are seen as meaningful by wider communities remains to be seen. 'PF2025 has anticipated these complexities, and the current consultation is a first step to solicit people's feelings about feral cat control. It's also a good opportunity to start a more expansive conversation about what kind of lives and relationships we want to have with other species, and how we might cultivate those. On a different note, it is surprising that the PF document makes no mention of animal welfare.' Comment on innovation 'Predator Free 2050 is such a tricky undertaking to write about. It represents a massive bet on the power of science and innovation at a time when those very things have been gutted by government. It's also a big swing for an aspirational environmental future—at a time when government has both withdrawn funding for conservation and made multiple policy decisions that directly jeopardise the environment. 'What to make of these seemingly incoherent moves? They reflect very transparently what innovation studies has documented in case after case—that bids for innovation, even if well intentioned and productive, are often used to justify the deferral of less flashy but important work in the near term. (It's worth noting that the 'linear model of innovation' that emerged in the mid-1900s was itself predicated on a link between basic and applied research. This model has been widely critiqued, but its imprint in the PF Strategy raises questions given the newly constrained funding environment for basic research.) 'Of course, that's not an argument against innovation or R&D, but we should think carefully about the dynamics that come with this path forward—especially given the aim to generate private and philanthropic funding. We have a recent cautionary tale in the government's stalled attempt to meet its greenhouse gas emissions reduction via privately operated carbon capture. Going all in on innovation for predator control while other aspects of the environment languish may be politically convenient, but irresponsible.' Conflict of interest statement: 'I currently hold a Marsden Fast Start to explore the social complexities of 1080 use in Aotearoa.' Dr Grant Norbury, Principal Researcher, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, comments: 'A review of the Predator Free programme is a very good idea. The four objectives proposed over the next five years are sound, but I worry that by 2050 we will still be struggling to develop the necessary tools and social licence to remove every individual target pest from the mainland. There is no doubt that better predator control methods and improved outcomes for some native fauna will be achieved, but there is a massive difference between developing better ways to reduce pest numbers versus removing every individual. And at what cost? What other conservation options could we spend the money on to achieve more reliable outcomes? Eradication of any pest requires a specific set of conditions that must be met, otherwise there is no point starting. We need the right technology to remove every individual (or very close to it) from every nook and cranny in New Zealand, whether it's a remote side valley in the backcountry of rugged Fiordland, or in a busy suburb in downtown Auckland occupied by thousands of people. Predators are like us – they have personalities, some are very shy and cautious of anything that looks different in their environment. If we cannot make every individual interact with whatever technology we devise to remove them, we're not going to win. Also, people will complicate matters. New Zealand is world-renowned for eradicating pests, but these successes have been almost entirely on uninhabited islands. On the mainland, we need to deal with the complexity of 5.2 million people going about their lives in towns, cities, farms, and industry. Pest eradication amongst millions of people will be a massive challenge.'
Scoop
28-05-2025
- General
- Scoop
How Have Our Garden Birds Been Tracking Since 2014?
Press Release – Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Some of our introduced species are also showing larger declines in the short term compared with their long-term trends. Pahirini (chaffinch), tiu (house sparrow), and kurarini (goldfinch) counts show moderate declines of 21 28% over the past … Things are looking up for the tauhou (silvereye), according to the results from the 2024 State of New Zealand Garden Birds | Te Āhua o ngā Manu o te Kāri Aotearoa report, which have just been released. The national declines for the species that were reported in previous years have tapered off and they are showing increases in 10 regions in the long- or short-term. A record number of people joined in the New Zealand Garden Bird Survey in 2024, with more than 17,000 New Zealanders spending one hour counting the birds they could see or hear to contribute to Aotearoa New Zealand's longest-running citizen science project. Their efforts added more than 7,000 surveys to this valuable dataset that helps researchers track how our garden birds are faring. The report also shows that pīwakawaka (fantail) and kōkō (tūī) continue to show increasing trends, both nationally and in many regions across the motu. The picture gets a little more complicated for kererū, however. While their counts show a shallow increase nationally over the past 10 years (39%), over the past 5 years they show a shallow decline nationally (7%) and moderate to rapid declines in seven regions. Some of our introduced species are also showing larger declines in the short term compared with their long-term trends. Pahirini (chaffinch), tiu (house sparrow), and kōurarini (goldfinch) counts show moderate declines of 21 – 28% over the past 5 years. This is just the type of early warning that the New Zealand Garden Bird Survey was set up to detect, says Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research senior researcher Dr Angela Brandt. 'The short-term declines we see for kererū, and for some other species, are not an immediate cause for alarm. But they are a signal that we should be paying attention to what's happening in our bird populations, including what may be behind these trends.' 'Birds are important indicators of the health of New Zealand's environment, and many perform important ecosystem functions, while others have inherent value as taonga species. If we see birds begin to decline, that suggests something has changed in their habitat, perhaps an increase in predators or a decrease in available food and shelter, which could also be affecting other species,' Dr Brandt says. In the 2024 survey, we asked participants 'what more needs to be done to care for birds in Aotearoa New Zealand?' Of the 4,652 responses to this question, 66% indicated that managing predators and other pests, such as weeds, was important. Dr Gradon Diprose notes that this response is consistent with previous years, in which managing predators and pests were considered the most important action to help care for our birds. The NZ Garden Bird Survey founder, Dr EricSpurr, says he looks forward to the survey every year and is delighted at the increasing number of people who take part. 'The results show the value of long-term citizen science monitoring. None of these data would have been collected without the help of everyday New Zealanders – who have made more than 77,000 bird surveys since the survey began 18 years ago. We expect short-term changes in bird numbers from year to year, and only by collecting more data will we be able to see whether these same trends continue.'
NZ Herald
22-05-2025
- Health
- NZ Herald
Livestock facial eczema breakthrough: Scientists discover new fungus species
But new research has revealed there are two species of this fungus in New Zealand pasture, not just one as previously thought. Scientists have named the new fungus species Pseudopithomyces toxicarius, identified as the primary producer of sporidesmin, the toxin produced by spores of the fungus. The new species is in addition to the better-understood non-toxic Pseudopithomyces chartarum. The study's lead author, Dr Bevan Weir, senior scientist at Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, said the teams extensively studied the organisms, genomes and toxins found in New Zealand pasture and abroad. 'It was amazing when we got the first DNA sequencing data and there was just this incredibly clear split showing that there was definitely these two species on pasture,' Weir said. 'It was a fantastic experience figuring out that we've kind of cracked it, and that in the past there have been reports of non-toxic strains or less toxic ones, and now we know the reason why.' He said the discovery followed years of hard work and dedication by research institutes, the agriculture industry and farmers. AgResearch, Landcare Research, Beef + Lamb NZ and the Livestock Improvement Corporation were involved in the study, led by Beef + Lamb NZ. The seven-year project to eliminate the impacts of facial eczema in livestock was valued at $20.75m, and the Government assigned $8.3m to it in March last year. Weir said identifying the primary cause of facial eczema was a 'critical step forward' in reducing its impact. 'The complicated thing is that although these species are really genetically distinct and have very different genes, under the microscope, they are completely identical. 'So you can't tell them apart at all, even under our really good research microscopes. 'And this is a problem for assessing facial eczema risk, because at the moment the main method of assessing risk is doing spore counts, and it's still a good method, but some of those spores that the vets and farmers are counting under the microscope will be from the non-toxic species.' Weir said the ongoing sheep poo collection work will help them identify where the toxic and non-toxic species were found around New Zealand - but there were generally very little toxic examples found in the South Island, and more in the North Island. AgResearch lead author Christine Voisey said the teams were grateful to the farmers who supported the study by providing samples that were vital to this research. 'Working on this project has been one of the most rewarding experiences of my career,' she said. 'There is still much to learn about the biology of Pseudopithomyces, but this research brings us closer to developing tools that will help mitigate the impacts of facial eczema on New Zealand's farmers.' Beef + Lamb NZ general manager of farming excellence, Dan Brier, said the research gave the sector a clearer foundation for developing more accurate diagnostic tools and effective management practices.
Scoop
18-05-2025
- Science
- Scoop
Researchers Uncover Giant 30-year-old Fungus Near Eltham
A trio of fungal experts stumbled across the largest Ganoderma specimen they had ever seen during the annual New Zealand Fungal Foray this week in Taranaki. A trio of fungal experts stumbled across the largest Ganoderma specimen they had ever seen during the annual New Zealand Fungal Foray this week in Taranaki. PhD student Sam Lasham found the enormous Ganoderma bracket fungi, which was almost 82 centimetres wide and 45cm deep and thought to be about 30 years old, on a rotten stump at Rotokare near Eltham on Thursday afternoon, after a day of collecting. Two others on the stump were almost as big. He was accompanied by the academic leading the expedition, Dr Peter Buchanan from Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, and Auckland teacher teacher Gerrie Viljoen. Lasham said the Ganoderma was a perennial. 'It can keep growing out and down, but only if there's enough food behind it, on the stump that it's growing on.' But Buchanan said he had never seen one this size before in 45 years of looking, and estimated the fungus was about 30 years old. Around 50 fungal experts and enthusiasts from across the country are taking part in the four day event, which ends Saturday. Participants observed and photographed fungi in surrounding native forests, some of which are unlikely to have been previously studied for their fungi. The foragers have permission from iwi/hapū, the Department of Conservation and Taranaki Council to collect them. Several of the forests being accessed during this Foray are unlikely to have been previously studied for their fungi. Fungus of the Year 2025 This year's foray includes a 'Fungus of the Year' promotion with 12 fungal candidates to vote from. People can vote for their favourite fungus, or maybe vote for a fungus that is threatened, or culturally important, or edible, or (on the negative side) one that's causing an important disease. As a Kingdom entirely separate from plants, and more closely related to animals, fungi come in so many shapes, colours and forms.
Scoop
18-05-2025
- Science
- Scoop
Researchers Uncover Giant 30-year-old Fungus Near Eltham
Article – RNZ A trio of fungal experts stumbled across the largest Ganoderma specimen they had ever seen during the annual New Zealand Fungal Foray this week in Taranaki. A trio of fungal experts stumbled across the largest Ganoderma specimen they had ever seen during the annual New Zealand Fungal Foray this week in Taranaki. PhD student Sam Lasham found the enormous Ganoderma bracket fungi, which was almost 82 centimetres wide and 45cm deep and thought to be about 30 years old, on a rotten stump at Rotokare near Eltham on Thursday afternoon, after a day of collecting. Two others on the stump were almost as big. He was accompanied by the academic leading the expedition, Dr Peter Buchanan from Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, and Auckland teacher teacher Gerrie Viljoen. Lasham said the Ganoderma was a perennial. 'It can keep growing out and down, but only if there's enough food behind it, on the stump that it's growing on.' But Buchanan said he had never seen one this size before in 45 years of looking, and estimated the fungus was about 30 years old. Around 50 fungal experts and enthusiasts from across the country are taking part in the four day event, which ends Saturday. Participants observed and photographed fungi in surrounding native forests, some of which are unlikely to have been previously studied for their fungi. The foragers have permission from iwi/hapū, the Department of Conservation and Taranaki Council to collect them. Several of the forests being accessed during this Foray are unlikely to have been previously studied for their fungi. Fungus of the Year 2025 This year's foray includes a 'Fungus of the Year' promotion with 12 fungal candidates to vote from. People can vote for their favourite fungus, or maybe vote for a fungus that is threatened, or culturally important, or edible, or (on the negative side) one that's causing an important disease. As a Kingdom entirely separate from plants, and more closely related to animals, fungi come in so many shapes, colours and forms.
