Latest news with #Methane
Forbes
4 days ago
- Science
- Forbes
Why MethaneSAT's Sudden Silence Should Concern Us All
An artist's rendering of MethaneSAT, a satellite designed to measure methane pollution around the ... More world. Why Methane Matters Methane is the second-most significant greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, but it is far more potent in the short term, trapping over 80 times more heat than CO₂ over a 20-year period. It leaks from pipelines, fracking sites, livestock operations, and landfills, and plays a central role in accelerating global warming. The total yearly methane (CH4) emissions from human activities expressed as weight in megatonnes ... More (Mt) Unlike CO₂, however, methane breaks down relatively quickly in the atmosphere. That means cutting methane emissions is one of the fastest and most effective ways to reduce global temperatures in the near term. Watch my short explainer video on how we can cut methane emissions—and why reducing short-lived climate pollutants like methane could help cool the planet by up to 0.5°C in just a few decades. MethaneSAT was created to provide clear, independent, high-resolution data on where methane was leaking—and who was leaking it. It could single out individual oil fields and drill sites from orbit. And its early results were troubling: emissions from major oil and gas fields in North America and Central Asia were found to be several times higher than companies had officially reported. What MethaneSAT Managed to Expose Before Falling Silent A Sudden Silence The satellite's loss of contact came without warning. According to EDF, the satellite likely experienced a power failure, possibly due to issues with its onboard thruster system or the effects of solar activity. It may never be recovered. It's too early to draw conclusions. Space is inherently risky. But when a mission with this kind of potential—and this kind of impact—stops working just as it hits its stride, it raises difficult questions. Was it just bad luck? "I'm afraid they'll find a way to shut it down"Earlier this year, during a Zoom call to explore a potential collaboration between and MethaneSAT, I spoke with a high-level executive involved in the mission. During our conversation, the person said bluntly that they feared the satellite could be shut down. "I'm afraid they'll find a way to shut it down," they told me. The satellite ultimately failed due to what appears to be a technical issue. But the fact that such a fear could be voiced at all—that a scientific mission could be seen as politically vulnerable—speaks volumes about the world we now live in. A Broader Crisis in Climate Monitoring MethaneSAT's loss is not an isolated event. Many of the world's most important Earth-observing satellites are aging rapidly. NASA's Terra, Aqua, and Aura satellites, launched in the early 2000s, are nearing the end of their operational lifespans. By the end of this decade, most of them will likely be decommissioned. Yet there is no comprehensive replacement plan. Instead, U.S. political momentum is moving decisively in the opposite direction. The 2025 budget proposal from the House of Representatives includes dramatic cuts to Earth science programs at NASA and NOAA. These cuts threaten everything from climate monitoring to weather forecasting. At the very moment we need more eyes on the planet, we're pulling the plug. This week, every living NASA science chief—past and present—signed a joint letter opposing these cuts, warning that eliminating climate science capabilities at this stage would be 'flying blind into the storm.' And the assault goes even deeper. The Trump administration has also proposed shutting down the Mauna Loa Atmospheric Baseline Observatory, the lab that has measured atmospheric CO₂ continuously since 1958. This is the birthplace of the Keeling Curve—the iconic record that shows CO₂ rising from 313 parts per million to over 430 ppm today. It is the most conclusive, long-term evidence of human-caused climate change. And now, it too is on the chopping block. If enacted, these proposals would eliminate much of the U.S. greenhouse gas monitoring network, from northern Alaska to the South Pole. Transparency Under Threat MethaneSAT's data was being integrated into broader climate tracking initiatives, such as Climate TRACE—a groundbreaking project backed by former Vice President Al Gore that aggregates real-time emissions data from satellites and AI-driven analysis. As I detailed in my previous Forbes article, Al Gore's Real-Time Climate Data Just Went Live—Here's Why It Matters, TRACE represents a revolutionary leap in emissions accountability. But the loss of MethaneSAT creates a critical gap in this otherwise powerful global emissions surveillance network. The Fossil Gas Industry's Last Stand The Methane Regulation is an EU law passed in 2024 aimed at reducing methane emissions in the energy sector, especially from oil, gas, and coal. While it came into force in 2024, rules for importers start applying gradually, and full compliance is expected by 2026–2027, depending on the provision. Now, the European Commission is considering weakening the Methane Regulation, likely due to threats of tariffs coming from the Trump administration. The regulation doesn't ban imports—it just says that if you want to sell gas or oil to the EU, you have to measure, report, and reduce your methane emissions. Pretty reasonable, right? But now, of course, the fossil fuel industry shows up, teary-eyed, hat in hand, pleading for mercy. In an open letter this week, industry reps said the regulation is too complicated, the timelines are too tight, and the compliance burden is just too heavy. They're asking for a grace period, contract protections, and a delay in enforcement. Why? Because it's hard, they say, to figure out exactly where their fuel came from or what the emissions were. Because some EU member states haven't finished their national rulebooks. Because compliance might cost money. The fossil gas industry rakes in profits in the hundreds of billions of dollars every year. They've had plenty of time and capital to invest in tracking systems and cleaner infrastructure. Instead, many of them sat on the cash—or handed it out to shareholders—and now claim they're not ready. This regulation didn't come out of nowhere. The warning signs were clear. The legislation process was long. The deadlines were known. Most infuriating of all, this regulation simply asks companies to do what any responsible, ethical organization would be doing of their own accord. For decades, fossil fuel companies have externalized the cost of methane leakage—dumping a climate-damaging gas into the atmosphere while claiming their product is a clean 'bridge fuel.' This regulation is one of the first serious efforts to change that dynamic. It says: if you want access to the EU market, you have to take responsibility for your environmental footprint. Powerful Interests at Stake MethaneSAT's silence is undoubtedly welcomed by fossil fuel industries that stood to lose significantly from increased transparency and accountability. The disappearance of such detailed emissions data removes immediate pressure and scrutiny, allowing polluters to continue claiming to take action to curb emissions while doing nothing of the sort. Meanwhile, the planet's remaining carbon budget is rapidly running out. What's Next? We may never know exactly why MethaneSAT stopped transmitting. But its loss underscores a larger issue: our ability to monitor the Earth—our atmosphere, oceans, emissions—is being not just neglected, but deliberately defunded at a time when it should be rapidly expanding. Imagine a hospital losing its ability to scan a patient mid-diagnosis. Doctors would be blind to the progression of the disease, unable to treat or even assess it. The loss of MethaneSAT is the climate equivalent. Without precise, reliable data, efforts to track and mitigate global warming risk becoming guesswork. Meanwhile, critical climate infrastructure is being targeted elsewhere. The Trump administration's 2025 budget proposal seeks to shut down the Mauna Loa Atmospheric Baseline Observatory—home of the Keeling Curve and the longest-running CO₂ record in the world. It would also defund NOAA's broader greenhouse gas monitoring network, threatening continuity in our core climate records. And yet, in just a few months of operation, MethaneSAT showed what's possible: near-real-time, high-resolution emissions data—independent, accessible, and globally impactful. The response to its failure should not be retreat, but reinforcement. Just because one satellite failed doesn't mean the mission failed. If anything, it proved how essential this kind of monitoring is. New satellites must be launched. Not eventually—now. Because we can't solve what we can't see. And we should never accept flying blind as the new normal.
The Hill
17-03-2025
- Business
- The Hill
Trump blocks rule to implement methane fee for oil and gas companies
President Trump on Friday signed a resolution to block the implementation of a fee on oil and gas companies' excess methane emissions. The resolution blocked the Environmental Protection Agency's 2024 rule that implemented the fee program, which was established in the Democrats' 2022 climate, tax and healthcare bill. Technically, the fee is still in the law, since the 2022 legislation has not been overturned. It was not immediately clear what the impacts will be of overturning the 2024 rule implementing the law. But the methane fee program — which also provides funds to help companies install emissions-reducing technology — is likely to be overturned as part of a larger package that Republicans are hoping to pass in the months ahead. Republicans celebrated Trump's move — and vowed to overturn the program legislatively. 'I'm honored to join President Trump and my congressional colleagues in officially rejecting the Democrats' attempt to collect a tax on natural gas production and stand for American energy dominance,' Sen. Shelley Moore Capito ( said in a written statement. 'I will continue to work with my colleagues through the reconciliation process to stop the underlying law establishing this tax that was a part of the so-called Inflation Reduction Act,' said Capito, who chairs the Senate's Environment and Public Works Committee. Methane is a planet-warming gas that is about 28 times as potent as carbon dioxide. It is also the main component of natural gas. Sometimes, during the oil and gas drilling process, companies will burn off or release some of the gas rather than capturing it to sell — releasing planet-warming emissions into the atmosphere.
Yahoo
11-03-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Colorado residents now have a way to ‘see' the toxic emissions they live with
Two working oil pump jacks in Colorado in 2023. (Getty Images) This story originally appeared in Capital & Main. A tour of oil and gas sites encroaching on Denver's eastern suburbs fell on a fitting day, with air so polluted that state health officials warned the elderly and children to stay inside. Participants were eager to see where these toxic gases come from. The group stood on the shoulder of a noisy frontage road with a panoramic view of operations that encompass the fossil fuel production lifecycle — the oil storage tanks, a compressor station and a drilling rig spread out on arid grasslands and emitting pollutants including nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. The gases react when heated by sunlight to create ground-level ozone. Inhaling the pollutant can exacerbate and contribute to the development of lung diseases such as asthma, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methane, a colorless, odorless, heat-trapping molecule with 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide during its first 20 years in the atmosphere, can also leach from equipment on the sites about eight miles south of Denver International Airport. These gases are invisible to the naked eye. Not today. SUBSCRIBE: GET THE MORNING HEADLINES DELIVERED TO YOUR INBOX Pollutants spewing out of tanks and other equipment on the sites materialized for the half-dozen tour participants in the lens of an optical gas imaging camera perched on a heavy-duty tripod nestled in the road's shoulder amid broken glass and litter. Technology inside the device reveals planet-warming hydrocarbons that are absorbing infrared radiation. The bright-blue plume streams out of oilfield equipment into the air against a multicolored landscape. 'Oh, wow,' public health graduate student Natalie Hawley said, as she pulled the brim of her baseball hat low over the viewfinder to block the vicious June sun. 'I had no idea these sites are allowed to pollute as much as they do.' Hawley is among dozens of people who have joined Andrew Klooster, a thermographer at Earthworks, and organizers with 350 Colorado — both environmental nonprofits — on emissions tours at fossil fuel sites since early 2023. Earthworks purchased what's known as an OGI camera a decade ago with the intent of partnering with residents to watchdog the expanding extraction activities in Colorado. Earthworks and 350 Colorado teamed up to offer the field trips to alert and educate communities about the health and environmental impacts of oil and gas operations, which continue to grow in the state. The number of active wells in the nation's fourth-largest oil producing state grew to 46,591 as of Feb. 24, a 25% hike since 2009. The increase in production was fueled by a drilling technique known as fracking, which forces sand and chemicals down a pipe to free fossil fuels trapped miles underground in shale formations. As drilling rigs bristled near the expanding suburbs in the Denver metropolitan area, Earthworks' mission to empower residents to hold energy companies accountable for the pollution they produce became ever more relevant. It's an opportunity 'to educate people to be better advocates,' Klooster said. 'The air permitting world — what is permissible and what isn't, and what is a compliance issue — it's way too complicated for the individual person to parse.' Emissions from oil and gas sites comprise about 36% of the 253 tons per day of volatile organic compounds released in the region's atmosphere, according to estimates from the Regional Air Quality Council. After another backslide on ozone pollution, the stakes are high for Colorado's air in 2025 As the quality of air most Coloradans breathe has deteriorated over the last 15 years, a haze began obscuring the view from Denver of the towering Rocky Mountains in the summer. The worsening smog prompted officials to dub May 31 to Aug. 31 'ozone season.' The region's air is now so bad that state regulators issued air quality alerts for half of the days in that period in 2024. With Colorado's population growing in tandem with operations in some of the nation's most profitable oil and gas fields, traffic and the energy industry have become the main drivers of the nine-county area's failure to meet federal air quality standards for the last two decades. For the group standing alongside the frontage road on that hot, smoggy summer day, Klooster explained how he filed a complaint with state air quality regulators about one site visible on the horizon that he visited the day before the tour. 'There was a ton of emissions coming off of that drilling rig yesterday for about a half an hour while I was filming it and I couldn't identify the exact source,' he said, adding there are limitations to what his $100,000 camera can document. It cannot help him identify which chemical compounds are being emitted, or how much of them is venting into the atmosphere, he added. However, he can use the videos as evidence to prompt state regulators to investigate. Documenting where the emissions came from on the drilling rig site was made more difficult because various types of equipment were used on the site on a temporary basis, the thermographer told tour participants. Klooster taught those on the tour how to file similar complaints with the state's Energy and Carbon Management Commission and the Department of Public Health and Environment when they suspect toxic pollutants are leaking from faulty equipment on fossil fuel sites. Registering concerns with the right agency means understanding who regulates what and who is responsible for enforcing the rules. These nuances include this unsettling fact: Energy companies are permitted to vent pollutants from oil and gas sites for safety reasons. These teaching moments are already garnering results: Residents who live on the Rocky Mountains' Western Slope filed complaints with the health department's Air Pollution Control Division regarding possible air quality compliance issues in September. The Grand Valley Citizens Alliance used videos from Klooster's optical gas imaging camera as evidence after the group visited numerous oil and gas facilities in Garfield County, roughly 150 miles west of Denver. The effort ultimately prompted the state to ask the operator of the Williams Parachute Creek gas plant to investigate. The firm worked with the manufacturer of equipment that burns off excess gas, known as a flare, to fix a leak that had led to emissions documented by Klooster as far back as 2021, the Earthworks thermographer wrote on his blog in October. 'We can report that on a subsequent survey, the flare appeared to be operating more efficiently than it has on any of our previous observations,' he wrote. Yet only 35% to 40% of the complaints he files with the state result in an operator making a fix, Klooster said. Energy companies are required by Colorado law to conduct leak detection and repair inspections at their facilities. State and municipal inspectors also pay periodic visits to monitor equipment for leaks. At the end of the emissions tour, Earthworks and 350 Colorado staff told participants how they can comment on planned oil and gas projects in Denver-area communities, as well as on industry-related bills proposed at the state Legislature. This additional information has prompted some tourgoers to volunteer long term, said Bobbie Mooney, a coordinator with 350 Colorado. 'Several participants have been joining in committee meetings and writing comments and producing communications projects for us,' she said. Klooster said he hopes the events will help catalyze a nationwide movement of neighborhood groups seeking to hold oil and gas companies accountable for pollution created by equipment used on drilling and fracking sites. 'I've started thinking of it as a potential model,' he said, 'that we could translate to other places.' A few days after the tour, state regulators informed Klooster that they had resolved the complaint he filed with the Air Pollution Control Division with video evidence of toxic gases flowing out of equipment near a drilling rig. The company, Civitas Resources, said it sent an inspector to the site three days after Klooster filed his report and that 'the drilling rig had completed its operation and started to break down and be removed from the facility. At this point no emissions were observed.' Copyright 2025 Capital & Main SUPPORT: YOU MAKE OUR WORK POSSIBLE
Yahoo
28-01-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Grey Hydrogen Market Valuation to Hit US$ 1,222.69 Billion By 2050
Grey hydrogen set to witness significant growth in production and consumption in years to come. Government efforts and private findings to add fuel to this growth as stakeholders are slowly exploring sustainable alternatives to traditional fuels and feedstock. New Delhi, Jan. 28, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global grey hydrogen market was valued at US$ 188.72 billion in 2024 and is estimated to reach US$ 1,222.69 billion by 2050, growing at a CAGR of 7.45% during the forecast period 2025–2050. Global grey hydrogen accounts for the bulk of hydrogen supplies worldwide, largely due to its reliance on steam methane reforming (SMR). In 2022, global hydrogen production exceeded 95 million tons overall, with over 99% derived from non-renewable sources such as grey hydrogen. Around 95% of global hydrogen production comes from SMR in the grey hydrogen market, underscoring the sector's dependency on natural gas as a primary feedstock. Despite its efficiency and lower cost relative to electrolytic hydrogen, grey hydrogen production has a significant environmental impact. It is responsible for roughly 350 million tons of CO₂ emissions each year. In fact, analysis suggests that producing one kilogram of grey hydrogen can emit approximately 11 kilograms of CO₂, indicating a substantial carbon footprint. These emissions contribute to a broader total of about 830 million tons of CO₂ per year linked to overall hydrogen production activities. Download Free Sample Copy @ Grey hydrogen market's prevalence can be traced to the energy industry's familiarity with natural gas infrastructure, which simplifies scaling for large industrial applications. By 2019, worldwide hydrogen output had reached approximately 75 million tons, with SMR-based production comprising a remarkable 95% share. This entrenched approach highlights how existing pipelines, processing units, and storage facilities support conventional hydrogen manufacturing processes. However, the environmental toll has become increasingly evident. Rising concerns about climate change, alongside stricter emissions regulations, underscore the need for advancements in carbon management. Grey hydrogen's outsize emissions profile is propelling research into mitigation strategies, such as improved process efficiency and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Even so, many stakeholders believe additional measures are needed to align hydrogen production with global decarbonization goals and emerging climate-focused policies. Key Findings in Grey Hydrogen Market Market Forecast (2050) US$ 1,222.69 billion CAGR 7.45% Largest Region (2024) Asia Pacific (45%) By Method Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) (68%) By Application Ammonia Production (30%) By End Use Industry Chemical Industry (50%) By Source Natural Gas (75%) Top Drivers Increased reliance on transitional fuels for immediate industrial decarbonization strategies Government incentives supporting grey hydrogen utilization in manufacturing and refining Adaptable infrastructure enabling widespread adoption of steam methane reforming technology Top Trends On-site production facilities minimizing transportation challenges and boosting operational reliability Integration of partial carbon capture modules in grey hydrogen plants Collaborative research initiatives accelerating advanced reforming techniques for cleaner processing Top Challenges Persistent infrastructural constraints limiting long-distance distribution capabilities of grey hydrogen Complex handling parameters raising safety concerns in hydrogen storage operations Limited stakeholder collaboration hindering policy harmonization and technology transfer initiatives Consumption Patterns Grey hydrogen consumption has evolved rapidly, reflecting its broad applications in refining, ammonia synthesis, and other industrial processes. In 2023, global hydrogen demand stood at an estimated 87 million metric tons (MT). Grey hydrogen market covered around 94% of this demand, indicating how profoundly the industrial sector depends on a technology that is both mature and cost-competitive. As emerging economies drive manufacturing growth, rising energy demands create additional incentive for large-scale hydrogen use. China, as the world's largest hydrogen consumer, commands about 24 million tons of annual use. This substantial share indicates the importance of Asian industrial production to the grey hydrogen value chain. Despite growing discussions around shifting to low-carbon alternatives, grey hydrogen continues to be the leading choice in markets where cost and ready availability overshadow sustainability concerns. Looking further ahead, hydrogen demand is projected to soar to between 500-680 million MT by 2050. A large portion of this surge will come from energy-intensive industries seeking cleaner processes compared to pure fossil fuels, as well as from policymakers advocating hydrogen as part of a broader decarbonization agenda. Yet, grey hydrogen market will encounter increased scrutiny due to the steep emissions curve. Companies and governments alike are weighing how to meet their hydrogen requirements without exacerbating climate challenges. Although grey hydrogen remains entrenched in chemical and refining industries, the possibility exists that a portion of this future demand could be met by low-carbon alternatives, contingent upon the pace of technological advancement and policy frameworks. Nevertheless, in the near and mid-term, cost advantages and robust infrastructure will likely preserve grey hydrogen's stronghold in global consumption. Major Projects, Consumers, and Economic Aspects of Grey Hydrogen Market Several major industries exemplify grey hydrogen's widespread use. The chemical sector, and specifically ammonia production, relies heavily on hydrogen for synthesizing feedstock essential in fertilizers and other chemical processes. In parallel, oil refineries integrate large volumes of hydrogen in hydrocracking, desulfurization, and other refining steps. The metal production industry also uses hydrogen as a reducing agent, underscoring the compound's versatility in high-temperature, large-scale operations. Initiatives aiming to curb the carbon intensity of grey hydrogen include projects such as Air Products' Edmonton Net-Zero Hydrogen Energy Complex in Canada, which prioritizes emission reductions. CF Industries, likewise, is directing resources toward carbon capture and storage (CCS) strategies to reduce emissions associated with grey-hydrogen-derived ammonia. Each of these efforts reflects an emerging theme: the industry recognizes grey hydrogen's environmental constraints and is probing ways to mitigate its carbon footprint. While these mitigation approaches signify important progress, the economics of grey hydrogen market remain a decisive factor. Currently, production costs range from €1 to €2 per kilogram (approximately $1.09 to $2.17 per kilogram), driven largely by underlying natural gas prices. In 2023, an estimated $3.5 billion was funneled globally into hydrogen supply projects under construction, with a notable portion likely allocated to grey hydrogen facilities. Project developers remain sensitive to volatility in natural gas markets, as fluctuations in feedstock pricing can erode profitability. Even so, grey hydrogen's stable demand has motivated an array of private and public stakeholders to invest in maintaining or upgrading existing plants rather than wholly abandoning them for greener alternatives. As a result, near-term economics favor continued reliance on grey hydrogen, further entrenching its role despite growing environmental considerations. Investments, Funding, and Regional Insights in Grey Hydrogen Market Investment in hydrogen technologies, including grey hydrogen, has picked up pace. Venture funding is particularly robust in Europe, where innovative start-ups are working on ways to optimize current production methods and capture byproduct CO₂ more effectively. Meanwhile, in the United States, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 provides tax incentives for cleaner hydrogen projects. While the primary beneficiaries are green and blue hydrogen ventures, grey hydrogen developments also stand to gain indirectly if they adopt emissions-reducing strategies that meet policy benchmarks. Such support highlights how government initiatives can pivot the market, nudging industries toward lower-carbon footprints. Additionally, private sector contributions remain significant, aided by programs like the Department of Energy's demand-side support scheme, which is intended to unlock private capital in parallel with federal incentives. Start-ups and established players in the grey hydrogen market alike are focusing on making grey hydrogen more efficient and less emissions-intensive. Improved SMR processes, integration of CCS, and targeted R&D projects aim to maintain grey hydrogen's cost advantage while answering sustainability concerns. In terms of regional dominance, Asia-Pacific stands out for its accelerated growth in consumption. Large industrial bases, combined with the expanding electric vehicle market, have heightened hydrogen's importance in this region, reflecting a colossal demand for ammonia and refinery feedstocks. North America and Europe also exhibit robust usage, fueled by refineries, chemical manufacturers, and an evolving mobility sector. While both regions explore alternatives, grey hydrogen remains central to many established processes. Ultimately, as investments flow and policies tighten, grey hydrogen will either adapt through cleaner technology or face competition from greener hydrogen variants now emerging on the global stage. Customize this report to your needs: Environmental Impact, Comparisons, and Future Outlook of Grey Hydrogen Environmental considerations loom large over the grey hydrogen sector. Responsible for up to 350 million tons of CO₂ emissions annually, grey hydrogen intensifies existing climate challenges and faces intensifying policy scrutiny. The broader hydrogen industry, accountable for about 830 million tons of CO₂ each year, increasingly collides with global decarbonization targets. As demand surges to between 500 and 680 million MT by 2050, grey hydrogen producers will be compelled to reconcile their emission-heavy processes with evolving environmental regulations. Comparatively, green hydrogen—though more expensive—offers a path with no direct fossil carbon footprint if powered by renewable electricity. Blue hydrogen, supplemented with carbon capture and storage, provides a middle ground but still depends on methane and robust storage solutions. Turquoise hydrogen, produced through methane pyrolysis, emerges as another lower-emission alternative yet remains in earlier phases of commercialization. Despite its dominance, grey hydrogen market's long-term trajectory will hinge on how swiftly carbon management solutions can be scaled. Governments are imposing carbon taxes, creating emissions trading schemes, and supporting research grants that encourage the industry to either retrofit existing grey hydrogen plants or shift to less polluting methods. The market's future composition will likely be shaped by cost dynamics, logistical infrastructure, and stakeholder commitments to net-zero goals. While grey hydrogen may continue to anchor current demand in core industries, momentum toward decarbonization could eventually reduce its share. Strategic investments in CCS, policy-driven funding, and technology breakthroughs are already nudging the industry toward a cleaner profile. However, grey hydrogen is poised to remain a significant force in the near term, with its future outlook dependent on the interplay between cost, innovation, and the mounting pressure for climate responsibility. Global Grey Hydrogen Market Major Players: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Linde plc Air Liquide Shell plc ExxonMobil Corporation BP plc TotalEnergies SE Saudi Aramco Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Chevron Corporation Others Key Market Segmentation: By Production Method Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons By Source Natural Gas Coal By Application Ammonia Production Methanol Production Refining Processes Power Generation Others By End-Use Industry Chemical Industry Oil & Gas Industry Power Generation Others By Region North America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East & Africa (MEA) South America Inquire about this report before purchasing: About Astute Analytica Astute Analytica is a global analytics and advisory company which has built a solid reputation in a short period, thanks to the tangible outcomes we have delivered to our clients. We pride ourselves in generating unparalleled, in depth and uncannily accurate estimates and projections for our very demanding clients spread across different verticals. 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