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Middle East Eye
5 days ago
- Politics
- Middle East Eye
Egypt training Palestinian forces to govern post-war Gaza
Egypt has been training Palestinian forces for months to take over the security administration of the Gaza Strip, as part of its plan for post-war reconstruction and governance of Gaza, security and diplomatic sources told Middle East Eye. An agreement to train Palestinian forces in Egypt and Jordan has been in place since the first Palestinian Police Donors Conference in Oslo in December 1993. In April, Egyptian and Palestinian media reported that 300 Palestinian Authority security personnel were sent to Cairo: 100 police officers, 100 national security officers, 50 preventive security officers and 50 intelligence officers, as part of the Egyptian reconstruction plan. 'All of these trainees are affiliated with the Fatah movement and loyal to the PA under Mahmoud Abbas,' an Egyptian security source told MEE. 'Cairo avoided including individuals loyal to Palestinian leader Mohammed Dahlan so as not to provoke objections from the PA leadership in Ramallah, and to ensure the idea receives Saudi support,' the source added. New MEE newsletter: Jerusalem Dispatch Sign up to get the latest insights and analysis on Israel-Palestine, alongside Turkey Unpacked and other MEE newsletters Another portion was trained in Jordan, but the numbers trained were not large, as both Cairo and Amman were hoping to obtain Gulf funding to continue the effort, the source said. The 1993 Oslo conference was convened at the invitation of 14 donor countries, in addition to the European Union, the United States, the World Bank, the Palestine Liberation Organisation and Israel. Egypt and Jordan were the only two Arab countries to attend the conference, and a memorandum of understanding was signed to train thousands of Palestinian police officers, before the actual deployment of Palestinian police to Gaza and Jericho began in 1994. The number or batches of forces receiving this training were not announced. Since the 1993 agreement, several of the PA's forces have been sent to Cairo to attend security and military training courses at the Police Academy, the Military Academy and the Higher Military and Strategic Studies Academy (formerly the Nasser Higher Military Academy), which is a military academy in Egypt specialising in advanced military studies. Reconstruction plan Since the beginning of the Israeli assault on Gaza in October 2023, Egypt has been training young people from Gaza or who hail from the enclave, some residing and educated in Egypt, others who fled to Cairo after the war began, and others residing in the West Bank whose families originally come from the Gaza Strip, to carry out security administration, take on police duties and later govern the Gaza Strip, diplomatic and security sources told MEE. This is part of the reconstruction plan proposed by Egypt during the Arab Summit in March. The plan aims to restore PA governance by working with Jordan to train Palestinian police for deployment in the strip, supported by political, financial and international backing, potentially involving other countries in rehabilitation efforts. Egypt-Hamas tensions at all-time high over demand to disarm and leave Gaza Read More » The plan also proposes that the UN Security Council consider deploying international protection or peacekeeping forces in both Gaza and the West Bank, within a broader framework and timetable for establishing a Palestinian state and building its institutional capacity. A key challenge, according to the plan, would be the presence of multiple Palestinian armed groups, which the plan argues can only be resolved through a credible political process that addresses the root causes and restores rights to Palestinians. The plan, however, has not received any approval or Gulf, particularly Saudi, support, an Egyptian diplomatic source told MEE. Egypt's President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi had attempted to persuade Gulf states of the Egyptian reconstruction plan in a closed meeting held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, prior to the Arab Summit, the source said. The plan, which Egypt proposed for what is known as 'the day after the war ends', was presented as an alternative to US President Donald Trump's plan to displace Gaza's residents to establish the 'Gaza Riviera' resort. However, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates refused to provide any support or funding for the Egyptian plan, or for any alternative plan, before the war ends, conditioning such support on the disarmament of Hamas and the removal of its fighters from the Gaza Strip before engaging in any reconstruction process or transferring funds to Cairo, the diplomatic source added. Aly el-Raggal, a security analyst and researcher at the University of Florence in Italy, said that this plan serves many Egyptian interests, particularly Egypt's security penetration into the Gaza Strip, something Cairo sees as a necessity. 'The deeper its security presence inside Gaza, the greater its political and social influence, and the greater its regional role,' he told MEE. 'This is a necessary course of action at present, especially in light of the significant curtailment of Egypt's role in all regional files.' 'A vision for security' However, Rajjal added, this security plan proposed by Egypt is impossible to implement under the current circumstances and with the presence of armed factions inside the strip. 'The condition for this plan to materialise is the end of the war and the end of Hamas and the rest of the resistance factions as well. This is not possible according to the current realities inside the Strip, especially in light of the decision by the Israeli Security Cabinet to occupy the Gaza Strip.' 'Egypt is training hundreds of Palestinians to take over security tasks in Gaza' - Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdel Aaty Egypt's Foreign Minister Badr Abdel Aaty had referred to the forces Cairo is training to govern the strip during the two-state solution conference held in New York last month. 'We have a vision for security arrangements and the governance of the Gaza Strip and who will manage the strip on the next day,' he said. 'Egypt is training hundreds of Palestinians to take over security tasks in Gaza.' Abdel Aaty added that Cairo continues to provide security training programs for PA forces, to enable them to enforce the law in Gaza and the West Bank. 'This would help create a suitable climate for the establishment of a contiguous Palestinian state, to support the capabilities of the Palestinian Authority so that it can perform its role in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in preparation for launching the political negotiation process.' On 29 July, Egypt joined Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey and the Arab League in endorsing the New York Declaration on a two-state solution, which calls on Hamas to relinquish control of Gaza and hand over its weapons to the Palestinian Authority. According to Egyptian security sources, Cairo had initially resisted linking disarmament to ceasefire negotiations. However, under sustained pressure from the UAE and Saudi Arabia, Egypt shifted its stance, aligning itself with regional efforts to initiate what has been described as a 'surrender process', the sources told MEE last week. This position aligns with Israeli preconditions, backed by Washington, for ending the war on Gaza.
Gulf Insider
20-03-2025
- Politics
- Gulf Insider
UAE Lobbying Trump White House To Reject Arab League Gaza Plan
The UAE is lobbying the Trump administration to torpedo a post-war plan for the Gaza Strip that Egypt drafted and which has been endorsed by the Arab League, US and Egyptian officials told Middle East Eye. The split is becoming increasingly bitter, with US diplomats concerned that it is harming US interests in the region. It reflects growing Arab competition over who calls the shots in the Gaza Strip's future governance and reconstruction, as well as different opinions over how much influence Hamas should retain there. The Emirati pressure poses a dilemma for Cairo because both the UAE and Egypt broadly back the same Palestinian powerbroker for Gaza, Mohammed Dahlan, an exiled former Fatah official. 'The UAE could not be the lone state opposing the Arab League plan when it was agreed, but they are trashing it with the Trump administration,' the US official told MEE. The UAE is flexing its unparalleled access to the White House to criticize the plan as unworkable and accuse Cairo of giving too much influence to Hamas. The UAE's powerful ambassador to the US, Yousef al-Otaiba, has been lobbying US President Donald Trump's inner circle and US lawmakers to put pressure on Egypt to accept forcibly displaced Palestinians, one US official and one Egyptian briefed on the matter told MEE. Otaiba was previously on record saying that he did not see 'an alternative' to Trump's call earlier this year for Palestinians to be forcibly displaced outside of the Gaza Strip. MEE contacted the UAE embassy in Washington, DC for comment but did not receive a reply. Hamas is an offshoot of the Egypt-founded Muslim Brotherhood, which the UAE has tried to stamp out across the Middle East. Egypt's military-led government has also crushed the Muslim Brotherhood, but it allows Hamas officials some freedom of movement. Egyptian spymasters have long-standing relations with Hamas members, including the Qassam brigades, which Egypt has used to mediate the ceasefires in Gaza. UAE angered by US-Hamas talks Egypt's Gaza plan has been criticized by the UAE for not spelling out specifically how to disarm and remove Hamas from the Gaza Strip. Egyptian officials say the plan is clear that governance will be handled by the Palestinian Authority. The plan calls for a security force in Gaza trained by Jordan and Egypt and leaves open the possibility for UN peacekeepers to be deployed in Gaza and the occupied West Bank. Hamas said it accepts the plan, but Israel is against internationalising the conflict in such a way, regional diplomats say. The US brokered a ceasefire to the war in Gaza in January, but it has effectively collapsed, with the besieged enclave on the verge of a return to war. Israel has cut off electricity to the enclave. Over the weekend, it launched deadly strikes that killed at least 15 people, Palestinian health officials said. The US has floated a plan for Hamas to release the 27 living captives left in the Gaza Strip in exchange for an extension of a temporary truce. Hamas has insisted on a permanent end to the war, as stipulated in the January ceasefire agreement. The Trump administration has said it backs Israel returning to war in the Gaza Strip. American diplomacy was jolted after Trump's former nominee for hostage affairs, Adam Boehler, met directly with Hamas recently in Doha, Qatar. The White House said Boehler met with Hamas to negotiate the release of one remaining American captive, but the envoy said publicly he discussed a five-year to ten-year truce with Hamas that would have seen the group disavow politics, and the US and its Arab allies ensure the demilitarisation of Gaza. Those remarks, and Boehler's statement to CNN that he would not rule out further meetings with Hamas, sparked backlash from the Israeli government and pro-Israel US lawmakers. On Friday, Boehler was withdrawn as the nominee for hostage meeting also riled the UAE, the Egyptian and US officials told MEE. Trump's top advisors have been ambivalent about the Arab League's post-war Gaza plan. While travelling in the region in March, Trump's envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, did not endorse the plan but called it the 'basis for the reconstruction efforts'. US reassessing military aid to Egypt Some US and Egyptian officials believe the Emirati campaign has already impacted US-Egyptian bilateral relations, with the US warning Egypt that it will cut military aid in 2026, an Egyptian official and one US official told MEE. The American warnings that the White House planned to cut military assistance to Egypt were first reported by London-based news outlet Al-Araby Al-Jadeed last week. The US official told MEE that Egypt has been informed that the US is reassessing its military aid but has not been directly told that a future reduction is a quid pro quo in exchange for Egypt accepting a forced displacement of Palestinians. The Trump administration has been cutting foreign aid worldwide. Egypt and Israel both obtained waivers from the 90-day freeze on foreign American assistance. Other Arab countries, like Lebanon, have also received carve-outs in recent weeks. The Trump administration followed through in March on the former Biden administration's plan to divert $95m in aid earmarked for Egypt's military to the Lebanese Armed Forces. A delegation of former senior Egyptian officials visited Washington last month to meet policymakers and think tanks in a bid to shore up Egypt's position with the Trump administration. In their public discussions, they did not acknowledge the US warnings, an Egyptian briefed on the matter told MEE. Egyptian officials have told their US counterparts that it is in Israel's and Egypt's interest to maintain US aid, the US and Egyptian officials told MEE. Egyptian officials have told the US that the aid is a cornerstone of the Camp David Accords, which led to a 1979 peace treaty between the two neighbours. But suspicion is deepening among Egypt's elite. The military establishment is already seething with resentment at the US for accusing it of failing to police the Rafah border crossing with Gaza. Republican Senator Jim Risch, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, accused Egypt of 'blunting' Israel's fight with Hamas in a previous interview with MEE. Egypt receives $1.3bn in military aid each year. The US already conditions $300m in aid to human rights matters. The US's leverage over Egypt has diminished since the Israel peace treaty. In 1978, US aid stood at six percent of Egypt's GDP. Today, that number is less than half a percent, and it is not clear that the Trump administration views aid as an asset worth preserving. US officials have told the White House that reducing aid would prompt Egypt to turn to Russia or China for military equipment, but Trump is re-ordering US ties to Russia. "Israeli media reported that the decision to resume heavy strikes against Gaza was made a week ago and was not in response to any imminent threat posed by Hamas." — WikiLeaks (@wikileaks) March 18, 2025 Egypt receives aid through foreign military financing, which means the US purchases military equipment for Egypt from American defence contractors, whereas oil-rich Gulf states mainly buy American weaponry with their sovereign funds through foreign military sales. Frenemies: UAE and Egypt One of the complicating factors in the dispute is that both Egypt and the UAE look to Dahlan as a power broker in post-war Gaza. When the Egyptian-drafted plan was endorsed by the Arab League, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas pardoned exiled former Fatah officials. That was widely seen as a nod to Dahlan, who was Fatah's enforcer in Gaza before Hamas won Palestinian legislative elections in 2006. Dahlan relocated to the UAE after falling out with Abbas in the occupied West Bank. MEE reported that the UAE is pushing for Dahlan to oversee a committee governing Gaza and later replace octogenarian Abbas as president. MEE contacted Dahlan for comment on this article. Sisi enjoys close ties to Dahlan. The UAE is a key backer of Sisi's cash-strapped government. In 2024, it agreed to a $35bn investment in Egypt's Mediterranean coast. But the UAE and Egypt are backing opposing sides in a brutal civil war in Sudan. Further complicating matters, The Financial Times reported that the Trump administration is continuing to push for Sudan and the unrecognized government of Somaliland to accept forcibly displaced Palestinians. The Trump administration's expected nominee for Africa Affairs at the State Department, Peter Pham, is a vocal supporter of the UAE and Somaliland's independence. The UAE is the main powerbroker in Somaliland, where it trains security forces and controls the main port through its state-owned company, DP World. The Trump administration's cold shoulder to Egypt's Gaza plan has riled career officials in the US State Department, who have watched France, Germany, Italy, and Britain all endorse the framework. Click here to read more.
Middle East Eye
17-03-2025
- Politics
- Middle East Eye
UAE lobbying Trump administration to reject Arab League Gaza plan, officials say
The UAE is lobbying the Trump administration to torpedo a post-war plan for the Gaza Strip that Egypt drafted and which has been endorsed by the Arab League, US and Egyptian officials told Middle East Eye. The split is becoming increasingly bitter, with US diplomats concerned that it is harming US interests in the region. It reflects growing Arab competition over who calls the shots in the Gaza Strip's future governance and reconstruction, as well as different opinions over how much influence Hamas should retain there. The Emirati pressure poses a dilemma for Cairo because both the UAE and Egypt broadly back the same Palestinian powerbroker for Gaza, Mohammed Dahlan, an exiled former Fatah official. 'The UAE could not be the lone state opposing the Arab League plan when it was agreed, but they are trashing it with the Trump administration,' the US official told MEE. The UAE is flexing its unparalleled access to the White House to criticise the plan as unworkable and accuse Cairo of giving too much influence to Hamas. New MEE newsletter: Jerusalem Dispatch Sign up to get the latest insights and analysis on Israel-Palestine, alongside Turkey Unpacked and other MEE newsletters The UAE's powerful ambassador to the US, Yousef al-Otaiba, has been lobbying US President Donald Trump's inner circle and US lawmakers to put pressure on Egypt to accept forcibly displaced Palestinians, one US official and one Egyptian briefed on the matter told MEE. Otaiba was previously on record saying that he did not see 'an alternative' to Trump's call earlier this year for Palestinians to be forcibly displaced outside of the Gaza Strip. Hamas is an offshoot of the Egypt-founded Muslim Brotherhood, which the UAE has tried to stamp out across the Middle East. Egypt's military-led government has also crushed the Muslim Brotherhood, but it allows Hamas officials some freedom of movement. Egyptian spymasters have long-standing relations with Hamas members, including the Qassam brigades, which Egypt has used to mediate the ceasefires in Gaza. UAE angered by US-Hamas talks Egypt's Gaza plan has been criticised by the UAE for not spelling out specifically how to disarm and remove Hamas from the Gaza Strip. Egyptian officials say the plan is clear that governance will be handled by the Palestinian Authority. The plan calls for a security force in Gaza trained by Jordan and Egypt and leaves open the possibility for UN peacekeepers to be deployed in Gaza and the occupied West Bank. Hamas said it accepts the plan, but Israel is against internationalising the conflict in such a way, regional diplomats say. What happens to the Middle East if Russia and the US stop being enemies? Read More » The US brokered a ceasefire to the war in Gaza in January, but it has effectively collapsed, with the besieged enclave on the verge of a return to war. Israel has cut off electricity to the enclave. Over the weekend, it launched deadly strikes that killed at least 15 people, Palestinian health officials said. The US has floated a plan for Hamas to release the 27 living captives left in the Gaza Strip in exchange for an extension of a temporary truce. Hamas has insisted on a permanent end to the war, as stipulated in the January ceasefire agreement. The Trump administration has said it backs Israel returning to war in the Gaza Strip. American diplomacy was jolted after Trump's former nominee for hostage affairs, Adam Boehler, met directly with Hamas recently in Doha, Qatar. The White House said Boehler met with Hamas to negotiate the release of one remaining American captive, but the envoy said publicly he discussed a five-year to ten-year truce with Hamas that would have seen the group disavow politics, and the US and its Arab allies ensure the demilitarisation of Gaza. Those remarks, and Boehler's statement to CNN that he would not rule out further meetings with Hamas, sparked backlash from the Israeli government and pro-Israel US lawmakers. On Friday, Boehler was withdrawn as the nominee for hostage affairs. The meeting also riled the UAE, the Egyptian and US officials told MEE. Trump's top advisors have been ambivalent about the Arab League's post-war Gaza plan. While travelling in the region in March, Trump's envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, did not endorse the plan but called it the 'basis for the reconstruction efforts'. US reassessing military aid to Egypt Some US and Egyptian officials believe the Emirati campaign has already impacted US-Egyptian bilateral relations, with the US warning Egypt that it will cut military aid in 2026, an Egyptian official and one US official told MEE. The American warnings that the White House planned to cut military assistance to Egypt were first reported by London-based news outlet Al-Araby Al-Jadeed last week. The US official told MEE that Egypt has been informed that the US is reassessing its military aid but has not been directly told that a future reduction is a quid pro quo in exchange for Egypt accepting a forced displacement of Palestinians. The Trump administration has been cutting foreign aid worldwide. Egypt and Israel both obtained waivers from the 90-day freeze on foreign American assistance. Other Arab countries, like Lebanon, have also received carve-outs in recent weeks. The Trump administration followed through in March on the former Biden administration's plan to divert $95m in aid earmarked for Egypt's military to the Lebanese Armed Forces. A delegation of former senior Egyptian officials visited Washington last month to meet policymakers and think tanks in a bid to shore up Egypt's position with the Trump administration. In their public discussions, they did not acknowledge the US warnings, an Egyptian briefed on the matter told MEE. Trump backs Egypt's plan for Gaza after meeting with Jordan's king, source says Read More » Egyptian officials have told their US counterparts that it is in Israel's and Egypt's interest to maintain US aid, the US and Egyptian officials told MEE. Egyptian officials have told the US that the aid is a cornerstone of the Camp David Accords, which led to a 1979 peace treaty between the two neighbours. But suspicion is deepening among Egypt's elite. The military establishment is already seething with resentment at the US for accusing it of failing to police the Rafah border crossing with Gaza. Republican Senator Jim Risch, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, accused Egypt of 'blunting' Israel's fight with Hamas in a previous interview with MEE. Egypt receives $1.3bn in military aid each year. The US already conditions $300m in aid to human rights matters. The US's leverage over Egypt has diminished since the Israel peace treaty. In 1978, US aid stood at six percent of Egypt's GDP. Today, that number is less than half a percent, and it is not clear that the Trump administration views aid as an asset worth preserving. US officials have told the White House that reducing aid would prompt Egypt to turn to Russia or China for military equipment, but Trump is re-ordering US ties to Russia. Egypt receives aid through foreign military financing, which means the US purchases military equipment for Egypt from American defence contractors, whereas oil-rich Gulf states mainly buy American weaponry with their sovereign funds through foreign military sales. Frenemies: UAE and Egypt One of the complicating factors in the dispute is that both Egypt and the UAE look to Dahlan as a power broker in post-war Gaza. When the Egyptian-drafted plan was endorsed by the Arab League, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas pardoned exiled former Fatah officials. That was widely seen as a nod to Dahlan, who was Fatah's enforcer in Gaza before Hamas won Palestinian legislative elections in 2006. Dahlan relocated to the UAE after falling out with Abbas in the occupied West Bank. MEE reported that the UAE is pushing for Dahlan to oversee a committee governing Gaza and later replace octogenarian Abbas as president. Sisi enjoys close ties to Dahlan. The UAE is a key backer of Sisi's cash-strapped government. In 2024, it agreed to a $35bn investment in Egypt's Mediterranean coast. But the UAE and Egypt are backing opposing sides in a brutal civil war in Sudan. Further complicating matters, The Financial Times reported that the Trump administration is continuing to push for Sudan and the unrecognised government of Somaliland to accept forcibly displaced Palestinians. The Trump administration's expected nominee for Africa Affairs at the State Department, Peter Pham, is a vocal supporter of the UAE and Somaliland's independence. The UAE is the main powerbroker in Somaliland, where it trains security forces and controls the main port through its state-owned company, DP World. The Trump administration's cold shoulder to Egypt's Gaza plan has riled career officials in the US State Department, who have watched France, Germany, Italy, and Britain all endorse the framework. American diplomats said the White House was brushing aside career officials' warnings not to pressure Egypt to accept forcibly displaced Palestinians, MEE reported previously. Trump publicly walked back that demand after being dissuaded not by US officials but in a private discussion with Jordan's King Abdullah II at the White House in February. The next month, Trump told reporters, 'Nobody is expelling any Palestinians'.
