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FACT
14-03-2025
- Business
- FACT
Destination Diriyah: All the new hotels opening in Saudi's historical heartland
Step into a world of history, hotels and gastronomy at this landmark location. Diriyah is strategically located in one of Saudi Arabia's most important heritage and cultural destinations. Located approximately 14 minutes from central Riyadh, Diriyah is famous for being the original capital of Saudi Arabia, as it was once the seat of power for the Al Saud family. During the 18th and 19th centuries, it was home to the founder of the first Saudi state, Mohammed bin Saud. The Diriyah Gate project draws upon its rich past and the centuries-old At-Turaif UNESCO World Heritage Site in becoming one of the world's foremost mixed-use historical, cultural and lifestyle destinations. The global megaproject will open close to 40 hotels in Diriyah. Here are the ones we know about so far. Hotels currently open in Diriyah Bab Samhan Hotel The Kingdom's historical heartland is undergoing non-stop development and is set to welcome a new luxury hotel called the Bab Samhan Hotel. The Marriott collection property is a convergence of tradition and opulence, where guests can immerse themselves in the richness of Najdi architecture and culture. Bab Samhan Hotel boasts 106 guest rooms strategically designed to offer panoramic views of Wadi Hanifah, creating an immersive experience in the tranquil landscapes of Diriyah. With all-day dining options and two speciality restaurants, guests embark on a culinary journey reflecting the rich flavours of Najdi cuisine. The promise extends to relaxation, with a spa featuring an indoor swimming pool and a state-of-the-art gym. GO: Visit for more information. Hotels coming soon to Diriyah Janu Diriyah Janu Diriyah, Aman's 'trendier' and slightly more affordable sister brand, will be the other Aman hotel to open at Diriyah Gate. With 120 hotel rooms, a luxurious spa, and multiple dining options, this hotel is situated just a stone's throw away from the UNESCO Heritage Site of At-Turaif. Expected opening: 2025 TBC Aman Wadi Safar Aman Wadi Safar boasts 78 keys and up to 34 fully serviced residences, with a plethora of top-of-the-line amenities that will make you feel like royalty. Indulge in the Aman Spa or delight your taste buds with a variety of dining options. The hotel draws inspiration from traditional Najdi architecture and the natural environment, allowing guests to immerse themselves in rich cultural heritage. Expected opening: 2026 TBC Anantara Hotel Diriyah Gate The Diriyah Gate Development, located just outside Riyadh, is embarking on an ambitious project to transform over 11 square kilometres of Diriyah into the world's largest cultural and lifestyle development. This landmark development will feature over 100 exquisite restaurants and 38 prestigious hotel brands, including the recently announced Anantara Hotel Diriyah Gate. Currently in the final planning stages, little is known about the property, but based on Anantara Qasr Al Sarab Desert Resort in the UAE and Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar Resort in Oman, we're expecting big things. Expected opening: 2026 TBC Armani Hotel Diriyah Armani Hotel Diriyah, the third property by Armani globally, presents a fresh interpretation of Armani's renowned hospitality. Developed by Diriyah in collaboration with Giorgio Armani and his in-house interior design team, the hotel will be defined by clean lines and a subtle interplay of light and shadow. Perched atop Diriyah's ultra-luxurious hospitality and retail quarter, Armani Hotel Diriyah will comprise 70 elegantly appointed rooms, two signature restaurants, and a high-end spa. The suites will feature their own private spas and swimming pools, offering an array of wellness, hospitality, and relaxation experiences. Additionally, the hotel will be connected to 18 self-contained Armani Branded Residences, designed and furnished by Armani. Expected opening: 2026 TBC Capella Diriyah marks Capella Hotels and Resorts' grand debut in the Middle East. The upcoming property will feature 100 rooms and suites. However, the Royal Suite is poised to be the highlight. This retreat will feature a sky window for stargazing and a rooftop swimming pool with views of Diriyah. The hotel will also boast four dining venues, including a Mediterranean restaurant, a Latin American steakhouse, a poolside bar, and a patisserie. Capella Diriyah, Riyadh will deliver on the wellness front as well. With a traditional hammam and a dedicated flotation room. The spa will use Arabian wellness rituals with contemporary healing techniques, ensuring a much-needed escape from city life. A state-of-the-art fitness centre, inner courtyard, and swimming pools will also be on-site. Expected opening: 2026 TBC Fauchon L'Hôtel Riyadh Fauchon Hospitality recently inked a deal for its third property, located in Diriyah. The hotel division of food purveyor, Fauchon opened its maiden property in Paris in September 2018, and a second one in Kyoto in March 2021. The upcoming Fauchon L'Hôtel Riyadh will include 80 opulent guestrooms and suites, along with an exquisite array of amenities such as The Grand Café Fauchon, a serene spa, a stunning rooftop pool, and a stylish Fauchon boutique. Drawing inspiration from the distinct colour palette of magenta, black, and gold, which is a Fauchon signature. Each guestroom will feature in-room 'Gourmet Bars,' stocked with Fauchon treats specially customised to guests' tastes. Expected opening: 2026 TBC Four Seasons Hotel Diriyah The second Four Seasons property in Riyadh will be located in Diriyah and is set to offer an exceptional experience with its 150 lavishly furnished rooms and suites, extensive facilities for meetings and events, a state-of-the-art spa with seven treatment rooms, a modern fitness centre, and two outdoor pools complete with private cabanas. In addition to these amenities, the hotel will boast four culinary outlets, including a poolside restaurant and a sunset lounge for guests to indulge in gourmet dining. Expected opening: 2026 TBC. Park Hyatt Riyadh Diriyah Gate Saudi Arabia is rapidly emerging as a coveted destination for luxurious hotels, and Hyatt Hotels is set to expand its portfolio in the Kingdom with the opulent Park Hyatt Riyadh Diriyah Gate. This highly anticipated hotel is scheduled to open near the historic Al-Turaif district, joining other prestigious hotel brands like Armani Hotel, Four Seasons and Raffles. Little is known about the hotel at this stage other than its prime location. Expected opening: 2026 TBC The Chedi Wadi Safar The Chedi Wadi Safar is strategically located in one of Saudi Arabia's most important heritage and cultural destinations. The project draws upon its rich past and the centuries-old At-Turaif UNESCO World Heritage Site in becoming one of the world's foremost mixed-use historical, cultural and lifestyle destinations. Details are scarce about this hotel, but The Chedi Wadi Safar is just one of 15 hotels opening across Diriyah and Wadi Safar. Expected opening: 2026 TBC The Langham Diriyah Located on Diriyah's main boulevard, near the UNESCO World Heritage Site of At-Turaif, and the eco-tourism experience of Wadi Safar. The Langham, Diriyah will offer 200 luxurious rooms and suites. The Langham Chuan Spa, drawing inspiration from traditional Chinese medicine, will provide a range of grooming treatments, along with separate men's and ladies' pool decks for ultimate relaxation. For dining, The Langham will boast the first Middle Eastern outpost of the three-Michelin-starred Cantonese restaurant, T'ang Court. While the hotel's signature afternoon tea will pay homage to the original afternoon tea served in the first Langham Hotel. Expected opening: 2026 TBC The Oberoi Wadi Safar Located west of Diriyah, Wadi Safar is a captivating destination brimming with exceptional cultural significance and a deep-rooted heritage. Spanning 60 square kilometres of untouched natural beauty, it offers a haven where history and cultural traditions intertwine harmoniously. Within this enchanting setting, the renowned Oberoi brand will grace the landscape, bringing its renowned hospitality and luxurious experiences to guests. Expected opening: 2026 TBC The Ritz-Carlton, Diriyah Scheduled to open its doors in 2026, The Ritz-Carlton, Diriyah, is poised to be a beacon of luxury and sophistication in this burgeoning cultural destination. With 195 guest rooms, including 34 suites, a speciality restaurant, an all-day dining venue, meeting rooms, an outdoor pool, a fitness centre, a kids club, and a signature spa, the hotel promises to blend The Ritz-Carlton's legendary service with exquisite design elements. Expected opening: 2026 TBC. Waldorf Astoria Diriyah Dive headfirst into a world of pure luxury at Waldorf Astoria Diriyah in Riyadh. With 200 keys to its credit, this place is not just any spot – it's in the heart of art galleries that'll make your eyes twinkle. Expect top-notch restaurants and luxury retail outlets. Expected opening: 2026 TBC Known for sustainable luxury hotels throughout North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region, including Copenhagen, New York, Paris and Toronto, 1 Hotels will make its Middle Eastern debut in historic Diriyah. Located in the Media and Innovation District, 1 Hotel Diriyah blends sustainability, heritage and modern sophistication. Designed with a nature-centric philosophy, the hotel will use sustainable and locally sourced materials while paying homage to Diriyah's rich cultural history. The hotel will offer a serene escape surrounded by ancient architecture and landscapes. 1 Hotel Diriyah will feature 325 rooms, five locally inspired restaurants and bars, a spa and three stunning swimming pools. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Campbell Gray Hotel Diriyah The fusion of British hospitality and savoir-faire with Arabian heritage will take centre stage with the arrival of Campbell Gray in the heart of the Kingdom's historical, cultural and lifestyle hub. Situated in the vibrant Bujairi district within Diriyah Gate, the hotel will seamlessly blend sustainability and Najdi design with a touch of contemporary allure. Discover a captivating culinary experience across two distinguished restaurants, offering an all-day dining experience and a modern Arabian gastronomic journey. Indulge in relaxation and rejuvenation at the PureGray Spa, or take a dip in one of two oasis-like swimming pools. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Faena Hotels can be found around the world, from Buenos Aires to Miami Beach. Now, the celebrity favourite will be opening Faena Wadi Safar on the outskirts of Riyadh. The lavish Faena Wadi Safar will have 130 rooms and 20 branded residences. Parts of the hotel will overlook the Royal Equestrian & Pop Club and boast direct views of the 27-hole championship golf course and wadi. Faena properties around the world draw inspiration from their local surroundings. The Faena Hotel in Wadi Sadi will have desert views and be surrounded by palm trees. The aesthetic includes shades of beige an Expected opening: 2027 TBC With Montage Hotels & Resorts popping up in the Bahamas, Laguna Beach and Palmetto Bluff, these ultra-luxury properties are specifically designed for the affluent and discerning traveller. Anchored around a sense of place, Wadi Safar is the perfect locale for the brand's Middle Eastern debut. Montage Hotel in Wadi Safar will have 200 rooms and 30 branded villas. The hotel's architecture is traditional and inspired by the local surroundings. The restaurant will be opulent, and there will be a swimming pool surrounded by palm trees. Montage prides itself on creating impeccable hospitality experiences spanning culinary and wellness. Plus, its spa and wellness experiences range from HydraFacial treatments to Eastern reflexology. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Orient Express Diriyah In 1894, 11 years after the inception of the inaugural Orient Express train, Georges Nagelmackers established the Compagnie Internationale des Grands Hôtels. Fuelled by the allure and opulence of the train, magnificent hotels will be constructed across the world, from Italy to Saudi Arabia. Designed in the distinctive Orient Express style, the 80-room hotel will feature a nomadic design, elemental wellbeing, and a sense of adventure. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Pendry Diriyah Diriayah, known as the birthplace of the Kingdom will offer several upscale hotel options, including Pendry Hotels & Resorts. Making its regional debut, Pendry is known for its luxury boutique hotels and resorts in desirable destinations such as Barbados, San Diego and West Hollywood. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Raffles Diriyah With properties in Jeddah and the Red Sea on the horizon, Raffles continues its expansion into the Kingdom with Raffles Diriyah. Set against the backdrop of Wadi Hanifah, the hotel promises to offer guests a fresh perspective on beauty and creativity. Through its design and ambience, Raffles Diriyah will showcase the rich heritage of the region while embracing the spirit of innovation. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Rosewood Diriyah With openings in both Aamala and The Red Sea, Rosewood will also open a property in Riyadh's historic Diriyah. The hotel will be home to 250 opulent accommodations, including 202 guestrooms and suites, as well as 48 Wadi Suites spanning one to three bedrooms. The property will also delight visitors with its diverse culinary offerings, boasting four restaurants and bars to cater to every palate. Expected opening: 2027 TBC Six Senses Wadi Safar Located just 41 kilometres from Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport lies Six Senses Wadi Safar. Upon completion, the hotel will boast 80 guest rooms scattered across five clusters atop a hill, treating guests to panoramic views of the dramatic valley. Combining deep cultural roots with Najdi-style architecture, this resort promises to be a perfect blend of tradition and contemporary living. Seasonal sharing plates, a main restaurant opening out to the pool, and a signature restaurant, grill, and brew bar are just some of the experiences awaiting your arrival. The Six Senses Spa features dedicated suites for sight and touch, a hammam, salon, gym, yoga studio, and treatment rooms. From yoga programs to signature massages, this is your ticket to rejuvenation. Expected opening: 2027 TBC. Treehouse Diriyah With a brand statement that reads 'climb up and play', the playful Treehouse brand will open its first hotel in the Middle East in Diriyah. Known for offering guests cosy spaces that utilise upcycled materials to evoke a sense of nostalgia, Treehouse currently only has properties in London and Manchester in the United Kingdom. Expected opening: 2027 TBC
Arab News
24-02-2025
- Politics
- Arab News
Founding Day: A celebration of the past, present and future
Saudi Arabia will celebrate its fourth Founding Day this weekend after a royal decree in 2022 allocated Feb. 22 of each year as the date to celebrate it. The day is associated with the values and heroisms achieved throughout history, to establish this unified Kingdom. It is associated with the anniversary of the founding of the first unified Saudi state under the leadership of Imam Mohammed bin Saud and his men, who pledged allegiance and supported him under the banner of monotheism. It is the day that symbolizes the historical, civilizational and cultural depth of the Kingdom, and the first Saudi state founded in 1727. It is not only a reflection of the Kingdom's past, but also a celebration of its present and future. With the passage of three centuries and the progress, advancement and prosperity that the Kingdom has achieved today, and the love and loyalty that its people and residents have for the Saudi leadership, this great occasion has become a turning point in the history of the Saudi people and what it represents in terms of unity, solidarity and loyalty. This occasion must be studied in its details and events because of its great importance in establishing an entity for a state whose foundations were laid by King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al-Saud. Celebrating this occasion is a highlight of a great history that reflects its position among nations in different eras. Given the historical depth and cultural legacy of the state, the Founding Day represents an important opportunity to remember the efforts made by the imams of the first Saudi state, the fruit of which is an immortal homeland under whose banner we live today, the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The historic occasion, with the passage of three centuries and the progress and prosperity that the Kingdom has achieved today, and the love and loyalty that its people and residents have for the land, combines love and loyalty to its visionary leadership. We celebrate, as we reside and work in this state and see its progress, prosperity and cultural transformation in all fields under the leadership of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The Kingdom under their leadership has hosted many international conferences and summits and won the bid to host the FIFA World Cup 2034. We see the Kingdom as a workshop that deserves for us to stand in reverence and appreciation for what we see for these generous people.
Asharq Al-Awsat
22-02-2025
- Politics
- Asharq Al-Awsat
The Turning Point in Imam Mohammed bin Saud's Life: Surviving Assassination, Statehood Foundation
Saudi Arabia's first ruler, Imam Mohammed bin Saud, was a "master political engineer" who built a state with distinction and turned challenges into opportunities, according to Dr. Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al- Shukair, a Saudi social researcher and anthropology expert. Al-Shukair told Asharq Al-Awsat on the occasion of Saudi Arabia's Founding Day that the 18th century leader displayed exceptional skill in stabilizing Diriyah, allowing it to serve as the launchpad for the first Saudi state. He noted that Mohammed bin Saud's disciplined and balanced personality was reflected in his political approach. The researcher highlighted courage, ethical commitment, and a quiet presence at the heart of events as defining traits of the kingdom's founder. He also drew parallels between Mohammed bin Saud and Abdulrahman Al-Dakhil, the founder of the Umayyad Emirate in Andalusia, pointing to their similar political strategies, crisis management skills, and ability to recognize opportunities within challenges. The history of the first Saudi state has largely been examined through a local lens despite its emergence on the global stage during a pivotal era in Islamic history, according to Al-Shukair. Al-Shukair noted that Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz restored the historical significance of the first Saudi state, placing its narrative in the correct context after years of neglect, distortion, and marginalization. Political landscape before Mohammed bin Saud's rule Asked about the political conditions preceding Imam Mohammed bin Saud's leadership of Diriyah, Al-Shukair said discussions on the state's origins often focus on religious aspects rather than political dynamics. Before Mohammed bin Saud assumed power with the title of "Emir," Diriyah faced significant political instability. Governance frequently shifted among competing branches of the Al Muqrin family, fueling internal rivalries over leadership. Regionally, three key powers shaped central Arabia: the Emirate of Uyayna, the most influential at the time; the Emirate of Riyadh, which was gaining prominence under Emir Daham bin Dawwas; and Diriyah itself. Other Najdi emirates remained localized and less significant. Al-Shukair, who authored "Najd: The Complete Story", said he observed a critical flaw in how the first Saudi state's history is studied. Despite its role in a transformative period of Islamic history, it has often been analyzed solely within a local framework, limiting deeper philosophical and analytical interpretations and confining discussions to traditional historical narratives. The history of the first Saudi state, according to Al-Shukair, contains overlooked gaps, including an 18-year period that has largely disappeared from historical records. In his book, Al-Shukair challenges these historical omissions, arguing that many researchers have unconsciously accepted them. He also highlights what he calls the "phantom history"—five centuries preceding the Saudi state that remain obscure. His findings point to a vast body of knowledge built on fragile foundations, urging scholars to reevaluate and critically examine historical narratives. Defining moment in history Asked about the turning point that led to Imam Mohammed bin Saud's rise as Emir of Diriyah, Al-Shukair described it as a scene worthy of a Hollywood epic—yet historians have treated it with a conventional perspective, allowing the story to pass unnoticed for three centuries. The dramatic event unfolded when Mohammed bin Humaid bin Muammar, Emir of Uyayna, invited Emir Zaid bin Marwan to his palace under false pretenses. Zaid arrived with 40 men, including Mohammed bin Saud. As the gathering commenced, Bin Muammar's men ambushed them, opening fire on Zaid and his entourage. The attack left Zaid and many of his companions dead. Mohammed bin Saud, however, miraculously escaped the bloodshed, dodging bullets as he fled back to Diriyah with the surviving members of his entourage. Despite the pivotal nature of this event—where fate and leadership instincts combined to save Mohammed bin Saud—it has not received the strategic or philosophical analysis it deserves, Al-Shukair said. In his research, he sought to reinterpret this moment, emphasizing the ruler's composure and decisiveness in the face of death. While tracing the exact location of the massacre, Al-Shukair discovered that the palace where it occurred is now undergoing restoration. "It is remarkable," he noted, "that the restoration of history coincides with the restoration of the very structures that witnessed these events." Following his return to Diriyah, the town's elders and leaders unanimously pledged allegiance to Mohammed bin Saud in 1139 AH (1727 CE), appointing him emir. His unanimous selection marked a rare moment in history—one that laid the foundation for a powerful state. The Uyayna incident was a "critical hour" that altered the course of Saudi history, as per Al-Shukair. Although the events unfolded in less than an hour, it marked the longest and most transformative hour of the 18th century in Najd, with its dramatic twists—from assassination attempts to survival, to the rise of a new Emir and the foundation of a state. Al-Shukair likened the ascension of Mohammed bin Saud to the emirate of Diriyah to the rise of a survivor emerging from the wreckage. Drawing from the words of poet Rumi, he remarked, "When you surpass a difficult phase in life, continue as a survivor, not as a victim." Humanizing history: The founding of Saudi Arabia Asked about his approach to humanizing history, Al-Shukair, known for his focus on the daily lives of historical figures through his research on Saudi memory and popular history, emphasized the importance of innovative comparisons in understanding history. He believes such comparisons offer a modern way to humanize the past, revealing how the circumstances that shape great leaders are often similar, regardless of time or place. Al-Shukair drew a parallel between two influential figures: Abdulrahman Al-Dakhil in Andalusia and Mohammed bin Saud in Diriyah. Both leaders, he argued, exhibited remarkable crisis management skills, seeing opportunities where others saw only challenges. Both leaders focused on strengthening their nations' economies instead of seeking revenge, a strategic move that ensured their countries' success and stability. "Leaders who prioritize the state's greater good build lasting achievements, while those who focus on vengeance are distracted from their long-term goals, leading to unnecessary risks," Al-Shukair said. He also argued that the founding moment of Saudi Arabia wasn't limited to Mohammed bin Saud but extended to his descendants. In his article, "Exceptional Leaders and Geopolitics between Najd and Russia", Al-Shukair compared the leadership strategies of Ivan the Terrible and Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed. Both leaders halted foreign invasions and pursued defensive expansion, a unique approach that brought peace to their nations despite enduring centuries of external threats. Master political strategist When asked how Mohammed bin Saud handled internal and external turmoil after assuming the emirate, Al-Shukair explained that the young leader inherited a politically unstable Diriyah. The emirate was beset by internal conflicts among relatives and external threats from Riyadh and Uyayna. Mohammed bin Saud, however, demonstrated remarkable political acumen, uniting the internal factions and shifting the political struggles outward. Not all conflicts could be resolved through force, he recognized, so he tactfully directed part of the conflict outside Diriyah while maintaining control over the internal situation. His diplomatic skills were key to stabilizing Diriyah from the moment he became Emir in 1139 AH (1727 CE). Al-Shukair argued that this stability was not merely a temporary goal but a dynamic force that fueled public life. The ongoing struggle with Riyadh was also seen as part of this dynamic—one that enabled growth and expansion with careful strategy and governance. Imam Mohammed bin Saud's political strategy was a brilliant combination of foresight and adaptability, turning crises into opportunities with remarkable skill. According to Al-Shukair, the Emir handled political challenges with the precision of a seasoned strategist, knowing when to confront, avoid, or re-invest in conflicts. His approach not only united the internal factions of Diriyah but also redirected internal power struggles outward, ensuring the stability of the city-state while neutralizing threats. Al-Shukair pointed out that Mohammed bin Saud understood the power of redirecting internal tensions into external conflicts, a strategy that allowed him to consolidate authority while maintaining internal unity. Courage and ethical commitment When asked about the qualities that enabled Imam Mohammed bin Saud to lead under such turbulent conditions, Al-Shukair emphasized his courage and ethical commitment. The Emir was known for his quiet presence in the heart of political events, where silence became a powerful political tool. His adherence to responsibility, fulfilling promises even at great personal cost, reflected his disciplined and strategic leadership His calm demeanor and steadfast principles were evident during his time as a counselor to Prince Zaid, observing political shifts with keen awareness. When the political climate in Diriyah stabilized under his leadership, Al-Shukair argued that it was not merely a result of time passing, but the culmination of profound political and social values that had yet to be fully analyzed. Mohammed bin Saud established key institutions in religion, economy, military, and development, which laid the foundation for a stable society. "Stability is a monumental achievement, but it often goes unnoticed by historians who focus only on periods of unrest," Al-Shukair remarked, likening the social body to a human body, where health is often unrecognized until something goes wrong. "Imam Mohammed bin Saud invested significant economic, social, and moral capital to keep Diriyah 'healthy,' yet historians often ignore the ordinary state of affairs." Symbol of independence Al-Shukair also discussed how Mohammed bin Saud's policies transformed Diriyah's relationship with external powers. He successfully ended the incursions and influence of the Princes of Makkah and Al-Ahsa, solidifying Diriyah's independence. This move proved crucial in asserting Diriyah as a central force in Najd, a symbolic assertion of independence. Though he aided Prince Dahham bin Duwas of Riyadh in consolidating power initially, Mohammed bin Saud soon saw through Dahham's opportunistic nature, leading him to confront the Riyadh Emirate after Dahham's siege of Diriyah. Key milestones in the rise of Saudi Arabia Al-Shukair highlighted three pivotal milestones in Imam Mohammed bin Saud's reign that formed the foundation of the First Saudi State: *Internal Stabilization: The first key moment was the 18 years of internal stability he secured after becoming Emir in 1139 AH (1727 CE). Al-Shukair stressed that these years had been overlooked in Saudi history until King Salman restored them to their rightful place. "This period required immense effort to stabilize Diriyah and focus the population on trade and agriculture—key pillars of development." *Strengthening the religious institution: Mohammed bin Saud also expanded and strengthened the religious institution in Diriyah by embracing the Salafi movement. Al-Shukair noted that while the 18th century saw religious movements rise and fade, the Salafi movement, supported by the Saudi state, became a transformative force in the modern history of the Arab world. This period marked the shift from Mohammed bin Saud being known as "Prince" to taking on the title of "Imam," emphasizing his leadership in both temporal and spiritual matters. *The Riyadh conflict: The third milestone was the 29-year struggle between Diriyah and Riyadh. Al-Shukair described Mohammed bin Saud as a master of long-term warfare, achieving strategic balances that would later enable the expansion of the Saudi state under his successors. After his death in 1179 AH (1765 CE), his son Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed continued to fight Riyadh until Dahham's defeat in 1187 AH, signaling the start of Saudi Arabia's expansion across the Arab world. Al-Shukair expressed concern that historians have often neglected these earlier phases of Saudi history, focusing too much on the later developments. "Many historians are trapped by the texts and perspectives of their time," he said. "I've made it my mission to study Saudi society deeply, reconnecting with the roots of these events and their cultural significance." Relationship with the local community The relationship between Imam Mohammed bin Saud and the people of Diriyah was one of mutual support and recognition, rooted in the traditional governance of Najd. Al-Shukair explained that Mohammed bin Saud, like other leaders of Najd, maintained a delicate balance between power and popular recognition. He was closely connected with his people, holding regular open councils to resolve their issues, receive their greetings, and discuss matters of state. This practice helped foster a strong, harmonious relationship between the ruler and his people, ensuring the smooth application of Sharia law and local customs while forming important political alliances with surrounding powers. The religious institution in Diriyah has deep roots, dating back to 850 AH, and formed an integral part of the governance system throughout Najd. Comprising mosques, religious leaders, judges, and scholars, the institution not only administered religious affairs but also shaped the social and political identity of the region. Since the time of the Prophet, religion has been a defining aspect of Najd's identity, playing a pivotal role in the foundation of the Saudi state. Discipline and political strategy Imam Mohammed bin Saud's legacy in establishing the Saudi state is not merely one of political conquest but also of psychological discipline and strategic foresight. Al-Shukair notes that understanding the early life of Mohammed bin Saud is crucial to comprehending his leadership. While details of his childhood may be sparse, Al-Shukair argues that his upbringing instilled in him a sense of psychological discipline, emphasizing the importance of reputation and word in political leadership. The discipline instilled in his youth resonated throughout his life, reflected in his political behavior as both a young man and an adult. Al-Shukair noted that childhood experiences often form the internal cognitive structures that govern decision-making and leadership, and it was this foundation that shaped Mohammed bin Saud's exceptional political strategy. In his 2021 book "Religions and Religious Groups in Najd", Al-Shukair examined how Imam Mohammed bin Saud built the Saudi state by integrating a complex system of state-building principles, with religion as one of the core pillars. "The relationship between politics and religion is intricate, and one must ultimately be subordinate to the other," Al-Shukair remarked, citing the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. Imam Mohammed bin Saud not only founded a powerful emirate but also laid the groundwork for a solid political, social, and economic system that would sustain and stabilize Najd. His legacy goes beyond the establishment of a kingdom, as he built an enduring framework of values that continue to guide the nation today.
Asharq Al-Awsat
22-02-2025
- Business
- Asharq Al-Awsat
Saudi Arabia's Diriyah: Restoring History, Revitalizing Heritage
Diriyah, the birthplace of the first Saudi state, was the starting point for Imam Mohammed bin Saud's unification drive, marking a shift from a city-state to a centralized government aimed at uniting the Arabian Peninsula under a stable political framework. For centuries, Diriyah stood as a key stop along trade caravan routes stretching from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Basra. It gained renown for its beautifully built stone houses, was intersected by Wadi Hanifa, and has long been home to mosques and schools. The surrounding fields yielded wheat, barley, and millet, alongside orchards of date palms, peaches, and figs. Diriyah was also a breeding ground for a distinguished lineage of purebred Arabian horses, whose reputation extended across kingdoms and beyond. The origins of Diriyah's name have been the subject of debate for centuries, yet it has retained its historical title to this day. It was also known as 'Al-Awja,' a name that sparked discussions over its meaning. King Salman ultimately settled the debate, affirming that 'Al-Awja' is a geographic reference to Diriyah itself. Saudi Arabia has launched strategies and programs to develop Diriyah across urban, cultural, economic, and social dimensions, recognizing its historical significance as the first Saudi capital. Once a dominant regional power, Diriyah played a pivotal role in Saudi Arabia's political history before suffering widespread destruction at the hands of Ottoman forces in the early 19th century, which left much of it abandoned. Mega-development The city is now part of Saudi Arabia's major development projects. On January 9, 2023, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince, Prime Minister and Chairman of the Public Investment Fund (PIF), announced the inclusion of the Diriyah project as the fifth mega-development under PIF ownership. The move positions Diriyah as one of the world's most unique cultural, heritage, and tourism destinations. The Diriyah Gate Development Authority (DGDA) will continue overseeing and regulating the area to preserve its historical and cultural legacy. It will also support the local community while ensuring that Diriyah evolves into a premier global tourism destination. The DGDA was established on July 20, 2017, as a Saudi government entity tasked with transforming Diriyah's urban, cultural, and economic landscape. Given its historical significance, the authority aims to position Diriyah as a premier global destination—a place where the world converges—while ensuring it remains a source of pride and heritage for all Saudis. DGDA's mission is to make Diriyah a national landmark and a symbol of Saudi unity, inspiring development into an exceptional international attraction. Central to this vision is preserving Diriyah's historical gem, the At-Turaif district, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The authority is committed to safeguarding the area's historical and cultural identity, ensuring Diriyah becomes an unparalleled global destination. It also seeks to transform Diriyah, Wadi Safar, and Al-Bujairi into vibrant hubs of hospitality, leisure, and retail, blending cultural authenticity with world-class experiences. Additionally, the DGDA aims to be a responsible neighbor, fostering an enabling environment that enhances local services and infrastructure, creating a thriving and exceptional community. The At-Turaif landmark is lit up in the colors of the national flag in Diriyah. (SPA file) As part of its development plans, the DGDA has signed several agreements, including a memorandum of understanding with King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) to establish a strategic partnership. The collaboration focuses on boosting joint planning, optimizing government spending, and unifying efforts to advance the project's development. The agreement covers data governance, information exchange, and joint research initiatives. It also includes cooperation in satellite imagery, 3D optical imaging, and radar surveys to uncover buried archaeological sites. Additionally, the partnership explores advanced materials technology and automated construction systems, supporting the DGDA's mandate within its regulatory scope. Partnerships and prosperity Moreover, the DGDA has signed several agreements and memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with key institutions to advance its development plans. These include an MoU with King Saud University for collaboration on master planning, another with Al Yamamah University covering employment, training, exhibitions, and research, and an agreement with Darah (King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives) to strengthen joint initiatives. The DGDA also signed MoUs with Al Maarefa University and Alfaisal University focusing on employment, training, academic conferences, and research. Further agreements include an MoU with the Saudi Standards, Metrology, and Quality Organization for strategic cooperation, an MoU with ICOMOS Saudi Arabia to preserve cultural and natural heritage sites, and an MoU with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources to enhance collaboration in the mining sector. In a major infrastructure deal, Saudi Real Estate Company signed a SAR 722 million ($192 million) contract with the DGDA for excavation work on metro stations in Diriyah's central, southern, and eastern areas. On July 10, 2024, Diriyah Company announced the signing of a landmark construction contract with El Seif Engineering Contractors and China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC). Valued at over SAR 7.8 billion ($2 billion), it is the largest construction contract awarded in Diriyah's development to date. The project will create a mixed-use district featuring advanced educational institutions, cultural landmarks, modern office spaces, and a luxury hotel in the northern part of Diriyah. On July 24, 2024, Diriyah Company signed another major contract worth SAR 8 billion ($2.13 billion) with Urbacon Saudi Company and Al Bawani Holding to build four luxury hotels and the Diriyah Royal Equestrian & Polo Club in Wadi Safar. In June 2023, the ownership of Diriyah Club was officially transferred to the DGDA, as announced by the Minister of Sports during a conference on the privatization of sports clubs. In December 2023, the DGDA, in coordination with Darah, organized the Diriyah International Forum under the theme 'Diriyah: A Meeting Point of Cultures.' The event aimed to promote academic research on Diriyah's rich history and cultural heritage.
Saudi Gazette
21-02-2025
- Politics
- Saudi Gazette
Imam Mohammed bin Saud: The founder of the First Saudi State and architect of stability
Saudi Gazette report RIYADH — Imam Mohammed bin Saud bin Mohammed bin Muqrin was the founder of the First Saudi State in 1727. He was one of the four sons of Saud bin Mohammed bin Muqrin, alongside his brothers Thunayan, Mishari, and Farhan. His father ruled the Emirate of Diriyah in 1719, setting the stage for what would later become a unified and influential state on the Arabian in 1679 (1090 AH), Imam Mohammed was raised in Diriyah, where he closely observed the political and social conditions of the emirate. He worked alongside his father in governing and defending Diriyah, particularly during an invasion led by Saadoun bin Mohammed, the leader of Bani Khalid tribe. Imam Mohammed played a pivotal role in repelling the attack, showcasing his leadership and military a young age, he demonstrated political acumen and diplomatic skill. Before assuming power, he played a key role in strengthening Diriyah's security and economic stability. He had four sons, Abdulaziz, Abdullah, Saud, and Faisal, who would continue his February 1727, Imam Mohammed bin Saud took over leadership of Diriyah following the Al-Uyaynah campaign in the middle of 1139 AH. Zaid bin Markhan, the Emir of Diriyah, had planned a campaign against Al-Uyaynah, but the ruler of Al-Uyaynah, Mohammed bin Hamad bin Muammar, sought to avoid conflict by inviting the Diriyah leadership for negotiations. However, this was a deceptive move, and Zaid, along with many members of the ruling family and notable figures from Diriyah, was assassinated. Imam Mohammed bin Saud survived the attack by taking refuge in one of the palace towers, and with the assistance of Al-Jawhara bint Abdullah bin Muammar, he was able to return safely to Diriyah. Upon his return, he was sworn in as the leader and the new ruler of Diriyah, marking the beginning of the First Saudi Mohammed bin Saud led several military campaigns to unify the central region of the Arabian Peninsula. He successfully defended the newly established state against various regional coalitions that sought to weaken it. His leadership resulted in the formation of the first unified Arab state in the Arabian Peninsula since the Rashidun Caliphate. Under his rule, the Saudi State extended its influence over most of the Arabian Peninsula. Its borders reached as far south as Haer Subay, excluding Riyadh, and as far north as Sudair, while in the west, it included Durma, Al-Qway'iyah, and the areas of assuming leadership, Imam Mohammed bin Saud focused on ensuring stability and security in Diriyah. He worked to organize and secure pilgrimage routes and strengthen trade networks passing through the state. His leadership transformed Diriyah from a local emirate into a powerful state whose influence extended across the Arabian was established as the capital of the state, and he adopted Islamic Shariah law as the foundation of governance. He introduced significant reforms to unify society, promote education, spread culture, and enhance communication between communities. His leadership emphasized maintaining security and stability across the Mohammed bin Saud was known for his integrity, courage, and dedication to justice. His leadership style was marked by loyalty, honesty, and wisdom, earning him a lasting reputation as one of the most significant founders of a state in the history of the Arabian Peninsula. Despite the eventual fall of the First Saudi State, its foundations remained strong, allowing for the establishment of the Second Saudi State, which ultimately led to the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi his four decades of rule, Imam Mohammed bin Saud solidified the state's economic, political, and social structures. He led twelve military campaigns to bring Riyadh under the Saudi rule but suffered personal losses when his sons Faisal and Saud were killed in battle in 1746. He continued his efforts, securing victories against campaigns from Al-Ahsa and Najran that sought to weaken the Saudi state in his reign, he focused on developing military and economic institutions. The financial system of the First Saudi State under his leadership followed principles from the early Islamic era, relying on multiple sources of income, including zakat and war gains. In 1758 (1172 AH), he oversaw the construction of the Diriyah wall, a defensive structure made of parallel clay walls reinforced with stone for added Mohammed bin Saud ruled with justice and tolerance, emphasizing knowledge and education. He worked to eliminate illegal transgressions, attacks, and raids while securing the pilgrimage and trade routes. His governance led to lasting stability, allowing the First Saudi State to also relocated the center of power within Diriyah from the neighborhood of Ghusaiba to Al-Tarfiyah in Samhan, reflecting his vision for long-term governance and strategic planning. Imam Mohammed bin Saud passed away in 1765 after forty years of rule. His legacy continued through his son, Imam Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Saud, who succeeded him and carried forward his father's vision of a unified and strong Saudi state.
