Latest news with #NINDS
The Hindu
24-05-2025
- Health
- The Hindu
All you need to know about: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Music legend Billy Joel made headlines on Saturday (May 24) after announcing the cancellation of several upcoming concerts due to a diagnosis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH). The news left many fans wondering what exactly this condition is, and why it can be so disruptive. NPH is a rare but potentially treatable neurological condition that mainly affects older adults. It is marked by a slow buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain's ventricles, the fluid-filled spaces that help cushion the brain. Despite the increased volume of fluid, the pressure inside the skull remains normal, hence the name. But the effects can be serious. Problems with walking, memory, and bladder control are common, and the symptoms can easily be mistaken for other age-related disorders like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Here's what you need to know about NPH, how it develops, how it's diagnosed, and why early treatment can make all the difference. What is Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus? NPH is a type of hydrocephalus, a condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain's ventricles, causing them to enlarge and put pressure on surrounding brain tissue. This fluid normally cushions the brain and spinal cord, but when it doesn't drain or absorb properly, it can lead to brain damage. While NPH typically affects older adults, congenital hydrocephalus is present at birth and is usually caused by genetic factors or developmental disorders and acquired hydrocephalus, on the other hand, develops later in life due to factors like brain injury, infection, tumour, bleeding, or complications from surgery. What are the symptoms of NPH? According to the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), people with NPH typically develop a trio of symptoms that worsen over time. These include trouble walking, memory and thinking difficulties, and problems with bladder control. Walking may become unsteady; patients may shuffle, take short steps, or struggle to turn. Cognitive symptoms often include forgetfulness, slowed thinking, or a lack of attention and interest in daily activities. In some cases, the person may become withdrawn or seem confused. Bladder symptoms, such as frequent urination or incontinence, may also appear and can be mistaken for unrelated issues. The NINDS says the symptoms of NPH can become severe and even life-threatening if left untreated. A 2019 review published in the journal Dementia and Neuropsychologia notes that while both NPH and Alzheimer's disease cause memory problems, the underlying brain changes are different. In NPH, the cognitive decline is mainly due to issues in parts of the brain responsible for processing speed and decision-making, leading to what's called a 'subcortical' type of dementia. Alzheimer's, on the other hand, is marked by damage to the brain's cortex and is often associated with language loss, disorientation, and difficulty recognising familiar objects. What are the types of NPH? There are two known types of NPH. The first is called idiopathic NPH, which means it appears without any known cause. This form primarily affects older adults and is the most commonly diagnosed type. The second type is known as secondary NPH, which can occur after a brain injury, stroke, infection, hemorrhage, or even as a complication following brain surgery. Despite these differences, both types involve the same underlying problem, which is disruption in the brain's ability to circulate and absorb cerebrospinal fluid properly. According to the United States' National Center for Biotechnology Information, both are also considered 'communicating' forms of hydrocephalus, meaning that while CSF can still flow between the ventricles, its absorption into the bloodstream is impaired. According to the NCBI, this imbalance in fluid absorption is central to the development of NPH. Diagnosing NPH is often challenging because its symptoms develop slowly and can easily be mistaken for other neurological disorders. Who can get NPH? Although NPH is more common in older adults, it can occur in people of all ages, particularly in its secondary form. What makes it especially important to identify is that, unlike many other forms of dementia or neurological disease, NPH can often be improved or reversed with treatment. Early intervention offers the best chance of recovery, studies suggest. Without it, symptoms may gradually worsen and significantly reduce a person's quality of life. How is NPH diagnosed? According to the U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS), a proper diagnosis involves a combination of physical and cognitive evaluations along with brain imaging. Doctors often assess how a person walks, their memory and reasoning abilities, and their ability to control their bladder. Brain scans, such as a CT or MRI, are used to detect enlarged ventricles that indicate a buildup of fluid. In some cases, further testing is needed to determine if a person might benefit from surgery. This may involve a lumbar puncture, where a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is drawn from the lower back. If the removal of fluid leads to noticeable improvement in symptoms, surgery may be recommended. Other tests, like lumbar drainage over a few days or a lumbar infusion test, may also help determine how well the body manages CSF and whether intervention will help. How is NPH treated? The main treatment for NPH is the surgical insertion of a shunt — a small tube that drains excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body, usually the abdomen, where it can be safely absorbed. This procedure can relieve pressure on the brain and ease symptoms, especially if done early. However, shunts can sometimes become blocked, infected, or fail, which means that patients may need further surgeries over time. According to NINDS, researchers are currently studying new shunt designs, including smart shunts that can monitor pressure and adjust drainage automatically, potentially reducing the need for repeat surgeries. Studies are also underway to see whether electrostimulation of neck muscles can improve CSF flow and reduce pressure inside the brain.
CBC
23-05-2025
- Health
- CBC
What is normal pressure hydrocephalus, the brain disorder affecting Billy Joel
Social Sharing Singer Billy Joel said Friday he was recently diagnosed with normal pressure hydrocephalus, a brain disorder. He said it's affected his hearing, vision and balance. The brain disorder can cause problems with walking, bladder control and thinking. In a statement, Joel said he's undergoing specific physical therapy and has been advised to pause performances while he recovers. Here are some facts about the condition. What is hydrocephalus? Hydrocephalus is an abnormal buildup of fluid within the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is produced in the brain's four hollow ventricles or chambers, protects and cushions the brain and spine and normally gets reabsorbed into the bloodstream. But when the flow of CSF to the outside of the brain is interrupted or blocked, too much builds up. What happens in normal pressure hydrocephaly? Normal pressure hydrocephaly can result from a blow to the head, infection, tumour, a complication of surgery or other reasons. But many people develop it without any of these factors, according to the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The increase in CSF happens slowly enough that pressure does not increase in the skull. It is more likely to be diagnosed in people over the age of 55. Joel is 76. How is it diagnosed? When normal pressure hydrocephalus is suspected, a family physician may refer you to a neurologist. The specialist evaluates how the person walks, processes information and speaks and may order tests and imaging, such as a CT scan. The symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus are similar to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the advocacy group Hydrocephalus Canada said. "The combination of dementia-like symptoms, altered walking (shuffling feet, short steps, a feeling like one's feet are stuck to the floor) and urinary incontinence should alert your health care provider to consider [hydrocephalus]," the group said. Bladder function may also be affected. What are the treatment options? In the most common treatment, surgeons place a shunt that drains the excess CSF from the brain to elsewhere in the body, such as the chest cavity. A shunt is a flexible piece of tubing that is attached to a valve that controls the flow of CSF.
NDTV
06-05-2025
- Health
- NDTV
Tips For Students And Working Professionals To Prevent Carpal Tunnel
In today's digital world, prolonged typing, texting, and repetitive hand movements have made carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) a growing concern, especially among students and working professionals. CTS occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in your wrist, becomes compressed. Symptoms like tingling, numbness, and weakness in the hand and fingers can impact daily functioning. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), early preventive measures and ergonomic awareness can significantly reduce your risk. Whether you're working on a laptop or writing notes for hours, here are practical tips to protect your hands and wrists. Consistent strain can lead to long-term wrist damage Carpal tunnel syndrome doesn't develop overnight, it builds over time due to repetitive stress on the wrist. Poor posture, improper hand positioning, and lack of breaks can all contribute. Students and professionals are particularly vulnerable due to extended hours at computers and smartphones. However, the good news is that small daily changes can prevent the problem altogether. 1. Maintain proper wrist posture Keep your wrists in a neutral, straight position when typing or writing. Avoid bending them up or down. An ergonomic keyboard or wrist pad can help maintain the right alignment, reducing pressure on the median nerve. 2. Take frequent breaks Follow the 20-20-20 rule not just for your eyes, but your hands too. Every 20 minutes, pause for 20 seconds and stretch or shake out your hands. This reduces strain and improves circulation. 3. Use correct typing techniques Type lightly and avoid pounding the keys. Keep your hands floating above the keyboard, with fingers relaxed. Avoid resting your wrists on hard surfaces while working, which can compress the nerves. 4. Stretch and strengthen your hands Simple exercises like wrist circles, finger stretches, or squeezing a stress ball improve flexibility and reduce stiffness. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), regular stretching can prevent carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms in high-risk individuals. 5. Adjust your workstation ergonomically Ensure your screen is at eye level, chair height supports your lower back, and your elbows are at a 90-degree angle when typing. Poor desk setup is a key contributor to wrist and shoulder strain. 6. Limit continuous smartphone use Prolonged texting or gaming on mobile phones can stress your thumb and wrist. Use voice-to-text features when possible and take breaks from scrolling. Use both hands while typing on phones to distribute the load evenly. 7. Stay physically active A sedentary lifestyle worsens carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms. General physical activity promotes circulation, reduces inflammation, and helps maintain a healthy weight, all factors that indirectly benefit wrist health. 8. Be mindful of early warning signs Tingling, numbness, or pain in your thumb, index, or middle fingers, especially at night, can indicate early carpal tunnel syndrome. Don't ignore these signs. Early intervention can prevent worsening and the need for surgery. 9. Wear a wrist splint at night if needed For those already experiencing mild symptoms, wearing a splint can keep the wrist in a neutral position while sleeping. This helps reduce night-time numbness and discomfort. 10. Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet Inflammation can worsen nerve compression. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods like leafy greens, berries, turmeric, and omega-3s may help. Stay well-hydrated to keep tendons and joints lubricated. Prevention is better than treatment Carpal tunnel syndrome can be painful and even disabling if left unchecked. Students and professionals should adopt a proactive approach by integrating ergonomic habits, movement, and hand care into their daily routines. As per the National Health Service (NHS UK), early awareness and prevention are key to avoiding chronic wrist conditions. Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.
Yahoo
08-04-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
First Patient Enrolled in NIH-Funded Expanded Access Program (EAP) Trial to Evaluate MN-166 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Patients
LA JOLLA, Calif., April 08, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- MediciNova, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company traded on the NASDAQ Global Market (NASDAQ:MNOV) and the Standard Market of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (Code Number: 4875), today announced enrollment of the first patient in the NIH-funded Expanded Access Program (EAP) trial to evaluate MN-166 (ibudilast) in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This significant milestone marks the beginning of a critical trial aimed at providing access to MN-166 for ALS patients who are not eligible for the ongoing Phase 2/3 COMBAT-ALS trial. The EAP trial, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)1-3, will evaluate the safety and efficacy of MN-166 in approximately 200 ALS patients. Dr. Yuichi Iwaki, President and CEO of MediciNova, commented: "We are honored to support this EAP trial, which will provide MN-166 to more individuals in advanced stages of ALS who are not eligible to our current Phase 2/3 COMBAT-ALS trial. We extend our sincere gratitude to the NIH and NINDS for their support through the Act for ALS. Additionally, we deeply appreciate the participants and their families, as well as the healthcare providers and staff at the sites, whose efforts will make this EAP possible." About MN-166 (ibudilast)MN-166 (ibudilast) is an orally available small molecule compound that inhibits phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE4) and inflammatory cytokines, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). It is in late-stage clinical development for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), progressive MS (multiple sclerosis), and DCM (degenerative cervical myelopathy); and is also in development for glioblastoma, Long COVID, CIPN (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy), and substance use disorder. In addition, MN-166 (ibudilast) was evaluated in patients that are at risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). MediciNova holds Orphan Drug Designation for MN-166 (ibudilast) in ALS by U.S. FDA and EU EMA. MN-166 (ibudilast) has received Fast Track Designation by FDA for treatment of ALS. In addition, MN-166 (ibudilast) holds Orphan Disease Designation for the treatment of Glioblastoma. 1https:// About MediciNovaMediciNova, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing a broad late-stage pipeline of novel small molecule therapies for inflammatory, fibrotic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Based on two compounds, MN-166 (ibudilast) and MN-001 (tipelukast), with multiple mechanisms of action and strong safety profiles, MediciNova has 11 programs in clinical development. MediciNova's lead asset, MN-166 (ibudilast), is currently in Phase 3 for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) and is Phase 3-ready for progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). MN-166 (ibudilast) is also being evaluated in Phase 2 trials in Long COVID and substance dependence. MN-001 (tipelukast) was evaluated in a Phase 2 trial in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and a second Phase 2 trial in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is ongoing. MediciNova has a strong track record of securing investigator-sponsored clinical trials funded through government grants. Statements in this press release that are not historical in nature constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding the future development and efficacy of MN-166 and MN-001. These forward-looking statements may be preceded by, followed by, or otherwise include the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "estimates," "projects," "can," "could," "may," "will," "would," 'considering,' 'planning' or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, risks of obtaining future partner or grant funding for development of MN-166 and MN-001, and risks of raising sufficient capital when needed to fund MediciNova's operations and contribution to clinical development, risks and uncertainties inherent in clinical trials, including the potential cost, expected timing and risks associated with clinical trials designed to meet FDA guidance and the viability of further development considering these factors, product development and commercialization risks, the uncertainty of whether the results of clinical trials will be predictive of results in later stages of product development, the risk of delays or failure to obtain or maintain regulatory approval, risks associated with the reliance on third parties to sponsor and fund clinical trials, risks regarding intellectual property rights in product candidates and the ability to defend and enforce such intellectual property rights, the risk of failure of the third parties upon whom MediciNova relies to conduct its clinical trials and manufacture its product candidates to perform as expected, the risk of increased cost and delays due to delays in the commencement, enrollment, completion or analysis of clinical trials or significant issues regarding the adequacy of clinical trial designs or the execution of clinical trials, and the timing of expected filings with the regulatory authorities, MediciNova's collaborations with third parties, the availability of funds to complete product development plans and MediciNova's ability to obtain third party funding for programs and raise sufficient capital when needed, and the other risks and uncertainties described in MediciNova's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and its subsequent periodic reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. MediciNova disclaims any intent or obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements. : David H. Crean, Business OfficerMediciNova, Incinfo@ in to access your portfolio
