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Indian Express
04-07-2025
- Business
- Indian Express
Conflict in Middle East: As world watches oil, why India must watch its fertiliser supply
While global headlines focus on oil prices in the wake of the Iran-Israel conflict, an equally urgent concern is fertiliser security, especially for an agriculture-driven country like India. Fertiliser is a quieter and less visible crisis, but it hits directly at the heart of food production, making it a national stability issue, experts warn. Dr Shadman Zafar, assistant professor at Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) in Hyderabad, explains how escalating tensions in the Middle East could seriously impact India's fertiliser supply chain, and by extension, its food security. India imports a significant proportion of its fertilisers (like DAP, urea, etc.). How vulnerable are we to disruptions in Middle Eastern supply chains, particularly amid the Iran-Israel conflict? India's fertiliser security is deeply tied to the Middle East as the country relies heavily on countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Oman for both finished fertilisers and natural gas — the key raw material used to produce them. In 2023, India imported about 20-25% of its total fertilisers from Gulf countries. Most of these imports travel through the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow but crucial shipping route connecting India to the Gulf. If tensions in the region escalate and this passage is disrupted, it could impact the supply chain seriously, driving up global prices of fertilisers and natural gas, thus affecting Indian farmers and food production. Which types of fertilisers are most at risk currently? Among the three key fertilisers, India imports about 20% of its urea, around 60% of diammonium phosphate (DAP), and 100% of muriate of potash (MOP). A significant share of urea and DAP comes from Gulf countries, making them more vulnerable to disruptions in the region. In contrast, MOP is imported from other sources like Canada, Belarus, and Israel — involved in conflict with Iran now. Given this, the most affected items will be urea, DAP, and natural gas (used as feedstock for urea production). Urea and DAP, being tied to Gulf suppliers, face immediate risk if regional shipping lanes are affected. Is India prepared for such geopolitical disruptions in fertiliser imports? India's fertiliser procurement strategy is built around long-term import agreements with countries like Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia — particularly for urea. The import and distribution process is centrally managed by public sector undertakings (PSUs). The Government decides how much fertiliser is to be sold, where it should be distributed, making it one of the most tightly regulated sectors. The strategy traditionally prioritises cost-effectiveness and assured supply, but with global disruptions becoming more frequent, the focus needs to shift toward building resilience into the system. The Russia-Ukraine war exposed these vulnerabilities, yet the system has not evolved much. Does India maintain strategic reserves of fertilisers, like it does for food or oil? No, India does not maintain large-scale strategic reserves of fertilisers. Companies like Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO) Limited, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers (RCF) Limited, and National Fertilizers Limited (NFL) keep only operational stock for 30-45 days. This limited buffer means any international disruption can quickly translate into domestic shortages, especially critical during sowing seasons like Kharif (June-July) and Rabi (October-November). Having strategic reserves would help stabilise the domestic supply, as well as provide the Government more flexibility to renegotiate contracts or explore alternative sources amid disruptions. Can India diversify fertiliser imports or ramp up domestic production quickly? India is working to diversify fertiliser imports and boost domestic urea production, aiming for 90% self-sufficiency by 2025 through revived plants like Gorakhpur and Sindri. However, self-reliance is limited for phosphatic and potassic fertilisers due to lack of raw materials. Thus, India is pursuing joint ventures abroad — like with Morocco's OCP. Despite diversification post-Russia-Ukraine war, dependency on the Middle East remains high. Expanding sources is challenging due to logistics and distance. In the short term, India must broaden its supplier base and build reserves, while the focus in the medium term should be on resilience through domestic production and overseas investments, not complete self-sufficiency. What is stopping India from becoming fully self-reliant in fertilisers? India's fertiliser sector faces several structural and policy challenges that limit self-sufficiency. While the final production capacity is improving, dependence on imported raw materials, essential for many fertilisers, remains its Achilles' heel. Diversification is still narrow, making the sector vulnerable to recurring global conflicts like Iran-Israel and Russia-Ukraine. Many plants are old or energy-inefficient, and distribution delays — from ports to farms — worsen during peak seasons. Alternatives like nano, bio, and organic fertilisers are yet to scale meaningfully. Most importantly, policymaking remains reactive rather than forward-looking, responding to crises instead of anticipating them. How protected are small and marginal farmers from these global shocks? Only partially. India's fertiliser subsidy system aims to protect small and marginal farmers from global price shocks, but its effectiveness depends on the type of fertiliser. Urea is sold at a fixed maximum retail price (MRP), fully subsidised by the Government, but DAP and MOP fall under the nutrient-based subsidy (NBS) scheme, in which rising global prices can raise retail costs for farmers. Delays in subsidies, supply disruptions, and lack of awareness further weaken protection for small holders who often bear the brunt during crises. Support schemes like Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) offer limited relief as they are not directly linked to rising input costs. The system keeps urea affordable, but at a cost — as the Government absorbs global price shocks, the fertiliser subsidy bill continues to rise. This rising fiscal burden often comes at the expense of long-term public investment in agriculture like irrigation, extension services, and infrastructure, potentially hampering agricultural growth in future. Should fertilisers be included in India's national security planning, given their critical role in food security? Absolutely. In an input-intensive agricultural economy like India, fertilisers are as strategic as oil. Any disruption risks the harvest, as well as threatens fiscal stability, rural incomes, and overall food security. To achieve self-reliance, in agricultural output and in inputs that make it possible, fertiliser security must be treated as a matter of national security. Ensuring stable and affordable fertiliser supply is ultimately about safeguarding India's food system and the livelihoods of millions who depend on it. Is this crisis similar to the one triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war? What have we not learned? The Iran-Israel conflict poses fertiliser supply risks much like the Russia-Ukraine war, yet India has not acted on the key lessons. Despite facing severe disruptions in 2022, India still lacks a fertiliser buffer stock policy and minimum stocking norms for critical DAP and MOP imports. Also, there are no strong incentives for farmers to shift away from synthetic fertilisers. While the Russia-Ukraine war disrupted nitrogen, potash, and ammonia supplies, the current conflict threatens ammonia, urea, DAP, and liquified natural gas (LNG) — all vital for agriculture. As a result, India remains exposed to price shocks, shipment delays, rising subsidy burdens, and potential unrest during sowing seasons. What international partnerships can help India secure its fertiliser in future? India should strengthen long-term supply agreements with key partners. With Morocco, efforts must move beyond MoUs to equity stakes and joint ventures, especially since it holds 70% of global phosphate reserves. For potash, Canada remains a reliable source due to its political stability, while Jordan and Israel can help in DAP. Building such strategic partnerships is India's most effective way to safeguard against future price spikes, and supply disruptions. Long-term contracts with logistics flexibility, and alternate shipping routes can de-risk supply chains from future geopolitical flashpoints. If these disruptions persist or worsen, how might this shape Rabi or Kharif seasons in 2025? Disruptions in DAP imports from Jordan and Israel, among others, can delay wheat sowing in key Rabi-growing states like Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. If bottlenecks like the Red Sea or Strait of Hormuz continue, MOP shortages may affect Kharif crops like cotton, sugarcane, and pulses. Farmers may respond by cutting back fertiliser use or shifting to lower-input crops, leading to imbalanced nutrient use and reduced productivity, especially in high-value crops. Rising global prices could push India's fertiliser subsidy bill beyond Rs 2.5 lakh crore, adding fiscal pressure. If these disruptions continue, the Rabi and Kharif seasons in 2025 can be shaped more by geopolitics than rainfall. For small farmers, the availability of fertiliser may well decide what, and how much they can grow. Possible farmer unrest could be there. Early action is essential to build resilience.
NDTV
24-06-2025
- Business
- NDTV
NMIMS NPAT 2025 Results Declared, Direct Link Here
NPAT 2025 Result Out: SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) has officially declared the NMIMS NPAT 2025 results on its website - Candidates who appeared for the entrance exam can check their individual merit status, qualifying rank, and course-wise selection details by visiting the official website, The NPAT (National Test for Programs After Twelfth) is the official entrance exam for various sought-after undergraduate programs at NMIMS. How to Check NMIMS NPAT 2025 Result & Merit List Follow these simple steps to access your NPAT result and merit list: Step 1. Go to the official NPAT portal: Step 2. Click on the 'NPAT Login' option on the homepage Step 3. Enter your Registration ID and Date of Birth to log in Step 4. View your merit position, qualifying status, and course-wise result Step 5. Download the result PDF and save a copy for admission reference Courses Offered via NMIMS NPAT 2025 Candidates qualifying the exam are eligible for admission into top NMIMS undergraduate programmes across campuses including Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Bengaluru, Indore, Hyderabad, and Chandigarh. Some key programmes under NPAT 2025 include: • BBA (General, FinTech, Finance, IB) • (Minor in Business Analytics) • (Finance) • (Economics) • BBA in Branding & Advertising • BA (Hons.) Liberal Arts • BBMM (Bachelor in Business Management & Marketing) • Dual Degree Programs in Business Administration What's Next? • Course-wise cutoffs and selection lists will be updated soon on the NPAT website. • Selected candidates must follow the admission instructions, including document verification and fee payment, as per NMIMS timelines.
India.com
24-06-2025
- Business
- India.com
NMIMS NPAT Result 2025 OUT At npat.nmims.edu- Check Direct Link,Other Details Here
NMIMS NPAT Result 2025: Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) has officially declared the results for National Test for Programs After Twelfth (NPAT) 2025 today, i.e. 24th June, 2025. All the candidates who have appeared for the examination can now check the result through the official website, i.e. Candidates will have to enter their registration ID along with date of birth to check their qualifying status through the website on the login dashboard. The should be aware that separate merit lists will be published for each course NMIMS NPAT Result 2025: Steps to Check the Result Step 1: Go to the official website- Step 2: You will see the 'NPAT Login' button on the homepage, click on it. Step 3: A new page will be opened on your screen to login. Step 4: Enter the required details like your registration ID and date of birth correctly and then submit it. Step 5: After submission, NPAT 2025 Merit list will appear on your screen along with the qualifying status. Step 6: Check all the details and your qualifying status. Step 7: Save and download the PDF for future use. NMIMS NPAT Result 2025: Colleges That Accept the NPAT Scores Anil Surendra Modi School of Commerce/School of Commerce Centre for International Studies School of Branding & Advertising Sarla Anil Modi School of Economics / School of Economics. Jyoti Dalal School of Liberal Arts Pravin Dalal School of Entrepreneurship and Family Business Management Candidates who are selected will have to either accept or reject the admission offer. And if they decide to accept it then they will have to upload a scanned copy of their signature and pay the required course fee to confirm their admission. All the candidates are advised to keep checking the official website for all the important updates.
Time of India
24-06-2025
- Business
- Time of India
NMIMS NPAT 2025 results declared at npat.nmims.edu; individual merit positions available via login
NPAT 2025 results out on official NMIMS portal; admission process for BBA begins NPAT result 2025: The results of the NMIMS NPAT 2025 entrance exam have been officially released online by SVKM's NMIMS. Candidates who appeared for the exam can now check their qualifying status and individual merit position by logging into the official NPAT website — The NPAT results were announced on June 23, 2025, in the form of a course-wise merit list, available exclusively through the candidate dashboard. The NPAT 2025 results are essential for admission to undergraduate programmes at NMIMS, including the sought-after BBA course. NMIMS has issued individual merit positions based on the candidate's best score out of three attempts, ensuring a fair and transparent selection process. Only those candidates who qualify as per their NPAT merit position are eligible to proceed with the admission formalities. Merit list published on official website SVKM's NMIMS has released the NPAT 2025 results on its official portal — Unlike conventional merit lists, NMIMS provides each candidate with an individual merit position and qualifying status within their login dashboard. Students are required to enter their email ID and password to access the result portal. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 2025 Top Trending local enterprise accounting software [Click Here] Esseps Learn More Undo Selected candidates must accept or reject the admission offer by logging into the NPAT portal. Upon acceptance, candidates are required to upload a scanned copy of their signature and pay the course-specific admission fee to confirm their seat. Admission fee and intake details for BBA programme The BBA admission process has commenced following the release of the NPAT 2025 results. As per data from the previous admission cycle, NMIMS offers a fixed number of seats in its BBA programme. Candidates are advised to refer to the official website for the latest intake and fee structure details. The university encourages selected candidates to complete their admission process in a timely manner. Delay in acceptance or fee payment may lead to cancellation of the offer. Steps to check and download NMIMS NPAT 2025 merit list Step 1: Visit the official NPAT website — Step 2: Click on the 'NPAT Login' button to access the candidate portal. Step 3: Enter your registration ID and date of birth to log in. Step 4: The NPAT 2025 merit list and qualifying status will be displayed on the screen. Step 5: Carefully review the details and download the PDF for future reference. Direct link to check the NMIMS NPAT 2025 merit list Further updates and instructions available online Candidates are advised to stay updated with the official website and student dashboard for further admission instructions. Live updates related to NPAT BBA admission 2025 and the next steps will continue to be provided by NMIMS via the portal. Is your child ready for the careers of tomorrow? Enroll now and take advantage of our early bird offer! Spaces are limited.
Time of India
24-06-2025
- Business
- Time of India
NMIMS NPAT 2025 results declared at npat.nmims.edu: Check direct login link here
NMIMS NPAT 2025: NMIMS has released the NPAT results for 2025 on its official website. Candidates can now check their results and merit positions through the login portal. Those selected must accept or reject the admission offer. Successful candidates can then upload their signatures and pay the admission fee. NMIMS will consider the best of three scores for merit allocation. Disclaimer Statement: This content is authored by a 3rd party. The views expressed here are that of the respective authors/ entities and do not represent the views of Economic Times (ET). ET does not guarantee, vouch for or endorse any of its contents nor is responsible for them in any manner whatsoever. Please take all steps necessary to ascertain that any information and content provided is correct, updated, and verified. ET hereby disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, relating to the report and any content therein. More
