Latest news with #NationalClimateAssessment
NDTV
11 hours ago
- Politics
- NDTV
Projections Of Future Global Warming Exaggerated: Trump-Vetted Scientists
A new report from the US Department of Energy says projections of future global warming are exaggerated, while benefits from higher levels of carbon dioxide such as more productive farms are overlooked. It concludes, at odds with the scientific mainstream, that policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions risk doing more harm than good. Released Tuesday, the report is part of an effort by the Trump administration to try to end the US government's authority to regulate greenhouse gases. It's the output of scientists known for contradicting the consensus embodied in volumes of research by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, whose work is approved by virtually every nation. Publishing an alternate approach to the science of global warming on the same day that the Environmental Protection Agency said it plans to revoke the endangerment finding - a determination that greenhouse gases harm public health and welfare - marks a step up in the administration's war on regulations. Since its adoption in 2009, the endangerment finding has become the bedrock of many US environmental rules. EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin said repealing the finding would "end $1 trillion or more in hidden taxes on American businesses and families." Climate experts say it will hobble the country's efforts to rein in rising temperatures and lessen the impacts, such as more intense storms, droughts and wildfires. The federal government's own research shows climate-fueled extreme weather is already causing $150 billion in losses a year in the US. In its proposed rule to nix the finding, the EPA references the Energy Department's report more than two dozen times. Energy Secretary Chris Wright wrote in the report's foreword that he had commissioned it and selected the authors to form a working group. The agency's support for the contrarian research stands in contrast to the broad rollback of other climate work under President Donald Trump. Since his inauguration in January, hundreds of scientists have been dismissed from agencies, including some who had focused on climate change. The EPA recently moved to shutter its main scientific research arm, which has been a crucial tool for policymaking. The US canceled a landmark climate change report, the sixth National Climate Assessment, and has taken down numerous webpages on climate science. Some of those were related to previous National Climate Assessments - studies that hundreds of researchers spent years painstakingly compiling. The new report's authors include Steven Koonin, a fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution who wrote a 2021 booking arguing that climate science is "unsettled"; Roy Spencer, a University of Alabama in Huntsville scientist and senior fellow at the climate-denying group Cornwall Alliance; and Judith Curry, a climatologist formerly of Georgia Tech who testified to a Senate committee in 2023 that climate change has been mischaracterized as a crisis. An Energy Department spokesperson said the report's authors "represent diverse viewpoints and political backgrounds and are all well-respected and highly credentialed individuals." The spokesperson added that the report "was reviewed internally by a group of DOE scientific researchers and policy experts from the Office of Science and National Labs," and that there will be a 30-day comment period for the public to weigh in. Ann Carlson, an environmental law professor at the University of California at Los Angeles, said the report presents a series of arguments the administration can draw on to contend "public health and welfare is not endangered by emissions that come from the auto sector, from the trucking sector, from the electricity sector." Rather than denying climate change is occurring, Carlson said, "What they're trying to say instead is, 'Well, it's not so bad. It's really expensive to mitigate. And that expense actually harms people more than anything we could do" to slow it down. That's in keeping with past comments by members of Trump's cabinet that have downplayed global warming or public concern about it. Carlson said the report is "a wholesale assault" on climate science and previous policy. Zeke Hausfather, the climate lead at Stripe Inc. and a research scientist at nonprofit Berkeley Earth, has contributed to major US and international climate reports. He described the Energy Department publication as "scattershot" and said it "would not pass muster in any traditional scientific peer review process." That the administration released it after taking down webpages hosting "the actual, congressionally mandated National Climate Assessments," he said, is "a farce." The report is a "package of punches" against the scientific consensus that previously grounded US climate policy, and against that policy itself, said Jennifer Jacquet, a professor of environmental science and policy at the University of Miami. "It's really surreal to think that's where we are in 2025." The EPA will have to go through the lengthy federal rulemaking process to try to abolish the endangerment finding. If the proposed rule is finalized, legal challenges are inevitable. The issue could end up before the Supreme Court, which ruled in 2007's Massachusetts v. EPA that greenhouse gases were pollutants the EPA could regulate under the Clean Air Act. Getting the court, which now has a conservative supermajority, to overturn the 2007 decision may be the endgame, said Carlson. The effort would be risky but could succeed, she said. "I think on every front, the arguments that the [EPA] administrator is going to make - based on the DOE report - are extremely weak," said Carlson. "But we also have a court that's very hostile to environmental regulation."
Politico
a day ago
- Politics
- Politico
DOE questions climate change consensus
President Donald Trump's allies have long floated the idea of a 'red team, blue team' exercise to debate the merits of climate science. On Tuesday, they got their wish. Only the Trump administration left out the blue team. The Department of Energy released a 141-page report on climate science this week to coincide with the administration's plan to repeal the legal backbone of climate rules. Written by five scientists known for denying accepted climate science, the report is rife with disinformation, write Chelsea Harvey and Scott Waldman. It uses misleading and inaccurate statements to argue that climate science has overstated the risks of a warming planet while underestimating the societal benefits of burning fossil fuels. 'It's a red team report without the blue team, and it's explicit about that,' Matt Burgess, an economist who studies environmental policy at the University of Wyoming, told me. Red team, blue team exercises were initially a military concept, where competitors were pitted against each other to test their assumptions. Trump's advisers spent much of his first term contemplating the idea of employing the concept with regards to climate science, but ultimately never acted on it. Climate scientists noted the DOE report's publication comes after the Trump administration pulled the congressionally mandated National Climate Assessment down from its official government webpage. That report involved scores of scientists, public comments and peer review from the National Academy of Sciences, said Phil Duffy, a physicist who studies climate change and served at the Office of Science and Technology Policy during the Biden administration. 'If the administration wanted to have a good review of climate science and the impact of climate change on the United States, then they shouldn't have pulled the plug on that assessment,' Duffy said. Burgess is sympathetic to some of DOE's claims. His research on the overcitation of worst-case climate scenarios is referenced in the report, and he thinks assessments like the NCA could do a better job of incorporating feedback from researchers outside of the mainstream. His view: The report raises legitimate concerns about the uncertainty in some climate research, like the economic costs of climate damage. 'There's way more uncertainty in the social cost of carbon and in climate economic damages than sometimes the mainstream narrative gives it credit for,' Burgess said. 'Where I would disagree a little bit with the report is uncertainty cuts both ways. You can't say this is uncertain, and therefore we know there's no problem.' It's Wednesday — thank you for tuning in to POLITICO's Power Switch. I'm your host, Benjamin Storrow. Power Switch is brought to you by the journalists behind E&E News and POLITICO Energy. Send your tips, comments, questions to bstorrow@ Today in POLITICO Energy's podcast: Zack Colman and Alex Guillén break down EPA's proposal to roll back the endangerment finding. Power Centers Green groups reel as Trump goes 'scorched earth'Environmental nonprofits are watching years of work evaporate as the Trump administration slashes spending, torpedoes regulations and dismantles federal agencies, writes Robin Bravender. The assault has left the movement scrambling to regain traction and gear up for several more years of playing defense. Some organizations aren't getting the surge in donations they saw during the first Trump administration — and prominent green groups have laid off staff when they'd like to boost personnel to fight back. 'The reason for bad vibes is obvious: This is the most anti-environmental administration that our country and perhaps the world has ever seen,' said Bill McKibben, a longtime environmentalist and author. 'It is difficult to be hopeful in the face of all that.' Why utilities may not want climate rule rollbackEPA's proposal to roll back the endangerment finding could add uncertainty to a power sector already grappling with a changing energy landscape, Jason Plautz writes. The proposal — released Tuesday — is part of the Trump administration's efforts to ditch federal rules that limit climate pollution, including those for fossil fuel power plants. But it comes as power markets tilt heavily toward renewable energy sources because of their relative cost and speed to dispatch. The loss of federal climate rules could open up utilities to a flurry of lawsuits and more state regulation, while making it difficult to plan future investments. 'This is one in a number of steps the administration is taking to determine what power plants are built, what power plants retire and what kinds of power can continue to operate in this country,' said Catherine Hausman, an associate professor of public policy at the University of Michigan. But, she added, 'We have enough cheap wind and solar available that there's no economic reason to prop up inefficient old coal power plants, despite what regulations say.' US, EU unite to fight Chinese exportsUrsula von der Leyen won the European Union a trade deal with the U.S. after playing hardball in Beijing last week, Antonia Zimmermann writes from Brussels. The U.S. and EU agreed to work on fast-tracking materials used for solar panels and batteries — items that China has flooded the global market with. Von der Leyen, the European Commission president, indicated in comments after the trade announcement that Washington and Brussels needed to team up to confront the competitive threat from China. 'On steel and aluminum, the European Union and the U.S. face the common external challenge of global overcapacity,' she said. In Other News Power moves: Tech companies are increasingly turning to the nation's aging nuclear power fleet for electricity, even as the plants have struggled to compete with cheaper renewables and gas. Get in line: Two new aluminum smelters being planned in the U.S. will need a lot of electricity at a time when artificial intelligence is already straining demand. Subscriber Zone A showcase of some of our best subscriber content. Trump on Wednesday slapped tariffs of up to 50 percent on certain imports of copper, which is essential for electric wiring and power grids. EPA's move to repeal the endangerment finding is likely to face a legal gauntlet in the courts. Interior Secretary Doug Burgum moved to end what he called 'preferential treatment' for wind and solar projects at the agency. That's it for today, folks! Thanks for reading.
The Hill
2 days ago
- Automotive
- The Hill
5 things to know about the Trump EPA's proposed repeal of the ‘endangerment finding'
The Trump administration on Tuesday proposed to repeal a 2009 landmark finding that greenhouse gases pose a threat to the public. The 'endangerment finding' came after the Supreme Court ruled in 2007 that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can regulate greenhouse gases (GHGs) if it determines that they harm Americans' wellbeing. But now, the EPA says it no longer believes that gases such as carbon dioxide harm the public. Here are five things to know: The finding determined that GHGs caused harm In 2009, the Obama administration made two key determinations: that greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide and methane endangered public health and welfare, and that auto sector emissions played a part in that danger. Now, the EPA is proposing to overturn that finding and instead determine that 'that there is insufficient reliable information to retain the conclusion that GHG emissions from new motor vehicles and engines in the United States cause or contribute to endangerment to public health and welfare in the form of global climate change.' It underpins automobile regulations The move to repeal the endangerment finding is not simply symbolic. It was a legal finding that underpins climate regulations, and particularly those that pertain to cars and trucks. The EPA's proposal on Tuesday also seeks to repeal the nation's car and truck regulations, meaning the agency is not requiring any set number of electric models on the market and that automakers' fleets can emit as much as they would like. It said that the move will have cost savings, but it also expected to exacerbate climate change and other pollutants. The regulation did not explicitly address climate regulations from other sectors, but the EPA has separately proposed to remove all climate regulations from power plants. The move stands in contrast with evidence of climate harm The push to repeal the endangerment finding stands in stark contrast to mounting evidence that climate change is already causing widespread, costly harm. The EPA itself reports that greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide are heating the planet, leading to 'extreme events harm people, damage property, strain infrastructure, reduce crop yields, and more.' Before the Trump administration pulled it offline, the federal National Climate Assessment showed greenhouse gases causing both an accelerating pace of billion-plus dollar disasters and a more insidious onslaught of sickness caused by heat, smoke and migrating pathogens. Though plants on land and sea absorb some of the planet-heating carbon dioxide released when fossil fuels are burned, research shows emissions are now outpacing nature's ability to absorb them. In April, federal scientists reported that atmospheric CO2 rose faster last year than at any point in human history. Meanwhile, each of the past 10 years has been the hottest ever recorded. A hotter atmosphere is both thirstier and more volatile, fueling extreme weather — from flash droughts and floods to stronger hurricanes and firestorms. Repairing that damage cost the U.S. economy $1 trillion last year alone. As Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell warned in February, rising flood, fire, and wind risks could make parts of the country uninsurable. That meant, Powell said, that within as little as a decade 'there are going to be regions of the country where you can't get a mortgage.' Meanwhile, the transportation sector is the largest contributor to U.S. emissions, making up about 28 percent in 2022. The change is likely to face court challenges Environmental groups and others are likely to challenge the Trump administration's move. They say that courts should reject attempts to overturn the endangerment finding because of the overwhelming scientific evidence that climate change poses a threat to the public. It's not ultimately clear whether their efforts will be successful. And some experts worry that the move to overturn the endangerment finding and subsequent litigation could constrain a future Democratic administration from regulating altogether. 'I would imagine they will have a real problem with the D.C. circuits, you know, because they really are trying to defy a very clear D.C. circuit precedent,' Joe Goffman, who led the EPA's Air and Radiation Office under the Biden administration, told The Hill last week. But he noted that if the case gets to the Supreme Court, it's not clear how it will rule. 'The Supreme Court has changed considerably since 2007,' Goffman said. He added that he thinks the Trump administration is 'hoping to end up with is a reading of the Clean Air Act … that established certain tests that the agency has to make in order to establish its authority, tests that for all practical intents and purposes, a future agency won't be able to meet.' New York Attorney General Letitia James, a frequent challenger of Trump administration actions, released a statement saying, 'This is a lawless, shameful gift to Big Oil, and we cannot let it stand.' The shift is part of broader anti-climate effort by Trump The repeal of the endangerment rule is part of a broader second-term Trump effort against climate action — which some senior officials now frame as a greater threat than climate change itself. In its chapter on the EPA, the far-right Project 2025 plan calls for an 'update' to the 2009 finding on 'the perceived threat of climate change,' calling it 'a favored tool that the Left uses to scare the American public into accepting their ine!ective, liberty-crushing regulations, diminished private property rights, and exorbitant costs.' A March EPA press release claimed the overhaul 'represents the death of the Green New Scam and drives a dagger straight into the heart of the climate change religion.' But the campaign goes far beyond EPA. The administration has pulled billions meant to help cities brace for extreme weather or rebuild stronger after disasters. It has also repealed billions of dollars in tax credits for low-carbon energy sources and has sought to put up new hurdles for solar and wind power. And it has launched a broad assault on federal climate research — from Pentagon studies on warming and conflict, to medical research on tropical disease spread, to NASA satellites that help farmers plan crops. Meanwhile, the administration is ramping up U.S. oil and gas exports — including a deal to pressure Europe into buying nearly ten times more — while blocking rules to limit the release of the potent greenhouse gas methane from fracking.
Business Wire
3 days ago
- Climate
- Business Wire
Millions of U.S. Homes at Risk During 2025 Hurricane Season
SAN MATEO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Following an intense hurricane season in 2024, experts are projecting above-average storm activity this year. According to forecasts from NOAA and North Carolina State University (NCSU), warmer-than-average Atlantic waters and shifting El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions will contribute to heightened risk across key coastal states. In response, insurers and communities can rely upon high-resolution insights from Guidewire HazardHub to better understand which properties and communities are most vulnerable to hurricane wind and storm surge. The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season saw 18 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes, including multiple Category 5 events. For the 2025 hurricane season, NOAA forecasts 19 to 25 named storms, 7 to 11 hurricanes, and 3 to 6 major hurricanes (Category 3+). Colorado State University predicts a 125% increase in activity over historical averages. Warmer Atlantic sea surface temperatures and climate patterns, specifically the expected transition to neutral ENSO conditions in August, drive these forecasts. Hurricane Trends: Rising Intensity and Risk Long-term trends underscore hurricane risks. According to the National Climate Assessment, there has been a measurable increase in the intensity and duration of North Atlantic hurricanes over the past two decades. Rapid intensification events, storms escalating from Category 1 to major hurricane strength within 24 hours, have more than doubled since the 1990s, according to AP News. Research from NASA and other climate organizations links warming sea surface temperatures and climate risks to stronger winds, more intense rainfall, higher base sea level, and higher storm surges. While overall storm frequency has held steady, the proportion of major hurricanes (Cat 3+) has steadily increased, according to the EPA. Guidewire HazardHub Hurricane Risk Scores offer the highest-resolution insights and visibility into hurricane vulnerability. These insights are powering smarter decisions for insurers, communities, and homeowners. HazardHub Insights by U.S. Region Florida: Epicenter of Hurricane Risk Florida has the highest overall concentration of 'D' and 'F' rated properties in the U.S. for hurricane vulnerability, according to the HazardHub Hurricane Risk Score. 3 million homes in Florida are at risk of storm surge flooding. 34% of all housing units in the state are vulnerable to surge flooding. Texas: Under Increased Threat HazardHub identifies Texas as a high-risk state for future hurricane landfalls, with the Houston-Galveston corridor facing particularly elevated exposure. Approximately 5% of homes in Texas are vulnerable to storm surge flooding. Due to the state's large population, this equates to millions of properties and residents at risk. Gulf Coast States: Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama Louisiana leads the nation in surge vulnerability, with 52% of homes at risk, approximately 910,000 properties. Mississippi (9% of homes at high risk) and Alabama (3%) also show significant exposure along the coast. These states are frequently affected by both Category 1+ hurricane activity and slow-moving, flood-producing systems. Southeast Corridor: South Carolina, Georgia, North Carolina South Carolina: 21% of housing units are at risk of storm surge. Georgia: 4% of homes are at risk, mostly in coastal zones like Savannah. North Carolina: 7% of homes face hurricane-related surge threats and wind damage. Mid-Atlantic & Northeast: Delaware, Virginia, New Jersey, New York Delaware: 20% of homes are exposed to storm surge. Virginia: 13% surge exposure rate. While New York and New Jersey are not among the most exposed states by percentage, HazardHub flags specific coastal regions, including Long Island and the Jersey Shore, as vulnerable to surge flooding and hurricane wind damage in the event of northern-shifting storms. Top States for Hurricane Risk The top ten states for hurricane risk, based on the percentage of properties rated as 'D' (high) or 'F' (very high) risk for hurricane damage in the Guidewire HazardHub Hurricane Risk Model, are: Florida Louisiana South Carolina Texas Mississippi North Carolina Delaware Georgia Alabama Virginia These states face the highest hurricane risk, based on factors such as the likelihood of Category 1 or stronger hurricanes, coastal proximity, and the frequency of tropical and subtropical systems. States at Risk of Storm Surge The percentage of housing units at risk of storm surge flooding in high-risk hurricane states, based on an 'F' rating in the HazardHub SurgeMax Storm Surge Flooding Model, are: Louisiana - 52% Florida - 34% South Carolina - 21% Delaware - 20% Virginia - 13% Mississippi - 9% North Carolina - 7% Texas - 5% Georgia - 4% Alabama - 3% The HazardHub SurgeMax Score is designed to help assess the risk associated with storm surge events, which can be a significant threat in coastal areas, particularly during severe hurricanes. Building Resilience While HazardHub highlights where risks are highest, it also empowers proactive resilience. Across the U.S., many high-risk states are taking bold steps to mitigate flood threats—investing in stormwater retention systems, flood barriers, green infrastructure, and voluntary buyout programs. Leading the way are states like Louisiana, Florida, South Carolina, Virginia, and New York, each implementing measurable and innovative solutions: Louisiana – Coastal Master Plan: A nationally recognized blueprint that integrates levees, marsh restoration, and storm surge barriers. One standout example is the Barrier Island and Ridge Restoration initiative, which rebuilds protective natural features using dredged sediment to strengthen defenses against hurricanes and coastal erosion. Florida – Resilient Coastlines Program: Provides grants to support vulnerability assessments and infrastructure adaptation. The Adaptation Planning Grant Program helps communities design and implement projects such as stormwater management systems and shoreline stabilization to reduce flood risk. South Carolina – Office of Resilience (SCOR): Coordinates statewide efforts to manage floodplains, upgrade infrastructure, and reduce community risk. A key initiative is the Voluntary Buyouts Program, which acquires flood-prone properties and converts them into open green spaces that absorb floodwaters and reduce future losses. New York – NY Rising and Resiliency Institute: Created in response to Hurricane Sandy, this initiative led to citywide zoning reforms that support flood-resilient construction. Notably, new codes enable the elevation of buildings and promote the use of flood-resistant designs in vulnerable coastal zones. AboutHazardHub HazardHub is an advanced property risk assessment solution from Guidewire that equips insurers with the highest resolution insights on wildfires, floods, earthquakes, hailstorms, hurricanes, and other perils. HazardHub provides access to more than 1,000 data points and 50 peril scores for every property across the United States, as well as property risk data for more than 20 countries across the Americas, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. For more information, visit the HazardHub page. About Guidewire Guidewire is the platform P&C insurers trust to engage, innovate, and grow efficiently. More than 570 insurers in 42 countries, from new ventures to the largest and most complex in the world, rely on Guidewire products. With core systems leveraging data and analytics, digital, and artificial intelligence, Guidewire defines cloud platform excellence for P&C insurers. We are proud of our unparalleled implementation record, with 1,700+ successful projects supported by the industry's largest R&D team and SI partner ecosystem. Our marketplace represents the largest solution partner community in P&C, where customers can access hundreds of applications to accelerate integration, localization, and innovation. For more information, please visit and follow us on X (formerly known as Twitter) and LinkedIn.
Yahoo
4 days ago
- Climate
- Yahoo
Extreme heat safety tips as dangerous temperatures hit US
More than 185 million Americans are on alert for life-threatening heat and humidity from South Dakota to Florida on Monday. Parts of Mississippi and Louisiana are on alert for heat indices -- what the temperature feels like with humidity -- of up to 120 degrees. Extreme heat warnings are in place for parts of South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa and Illinois, where it could feel like over 110 degrees. MORE: How to conserve energy during a heat wave From Boston to Philadelphia, it'll feel like the mid-90s to lower 100s through Wednesday. Extreme heat is considered the deadliest weather-related hazard in the U.S., according to the Fifth National Climate Assessment. About 2,000 Americans die each year on average from extreme heat, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Here are heat safety tips from the CDC: Wear sunscreen Take precautions to prevent sunburn, which can make you dehydrated and affect your ability to cool down. Use sunscreen that's SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes before going outside. Sunscreens that say "broad spectrum" or "UVA/UVB protection" are best. Stay hydrated Drink extra fluids, and don't wait until you're thirsty. Avoid very sugary drinks and alcohol, which can cause your body to lose more fluid, and be wary of extra-cold drinks that may cause stomach cramps. Avoiding hot and heavy meals also can reduce your body's overall temperature. Limit time outside Cut down on exercise during heat waves and rest often and in shady areas. Try to limit your time outside to when it is cooler, like in the early morning and evening. Check the car Never leave children in a parked car -- even if windows are cracked open. MORE: Hot car safety tips Monitor high-risk loved ones Anyone can suffer from heat-related illness at any time, but these people are at greater risk: -- Babies and young children -- Overweight people -- Those 65 years old or older -- People who overexert during work or exercise -- Those who suffer from heart disease or high blood pressure and those who take certain medications, including for depression, insomnia or poor circulation Watch for signs of illness Symptoms of heat stroke include: -- Body temperature of 103 degrees or higher -- Hot, red, dry or damp skin -- Fast, strong pulse -- Headache -- Dizziness -- Nausea -- Confusion -- Passing out -- No longer sweating Symptoms of heat exhaustion include: -- Heavy sweating -- Cold, pale, clammy skin -- Fast, weak pulse -- Nausea or vomiting -- Muscle cramps -- Feeling tired or weak -- Headache -- Passing out If someone shows symptoms of heat stroke or heat exhaustion, call 911, move them somewhere cooler and use towels to cool down their body. Don't forget about your furry friends! Here are some tips from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals for how to keep your pets safe in the heat: provide plenty of fresh water so they don't get dehydrated; don't over-exercise pets; never leave pets alone in a parked car; and watch for symptoms of overheating, which include excessive panting, difficulty breathing, increased heart and respiratory rate and drooling. Animals with flat faces, like pugs, can't pant as well and are more at risk of heat stroke. These pets, as well as older and overweight pets, should be kept inside as much as possible. What constitutes a heat wave? A heat wave is a continuous period of abnormally hot weather, generally lasting over two days, according to the National Weather Service. However, the definition of a heat wave varies by region. In the Midwest and the Northeast, a heat wave is considered three or more days in a row of temperatures of at least 90 degrees. But in Phoenix, for example, temperatures are regularly well above 90 degrees and into the triple digits without it being from a heat wave. So a heat wave is relative to the local average temperature and may require temperatures to be significantly above normal for several days, according to the NWS. ABC News' Kyle Reiman contributed to this report. Solve the daily Crossword
