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CBS News
09-08-2025
- Climate
- CBS News
How hurricanes are named
Since 1953, when a tropical system generates sustained winds over 39 miles per hour, it has been given a name. That is the point when the system becomes a tropical storm. Alice was the first name given to a storm in the Atlantic Basin. When a storm is given a name as a tropical storm, it keeps that name as it grows into a hurricane. For many years, hurricanes and tropical storms were given only women's names! The National Ocean Service says that in 1978, they started using male and female names for tropical cyclones in the northern Pacific Ocean. The next year, they started using both men's and women's names in the Atlantic Basin, too. The list alternates between women's and men's names. In odd years, the list begins with a female name. In even years, the list begins with a male name. The names are on a six-year rotation, and usually do not change. The only reason a new name will appear on the list is if a name is retired. A name is retired when a hurricane has a large death toll or is exceptionally costly. So, why do we name them in the first place? The National Ocean Service says, "Over time, it was learned that the use of short, easily remembered names in written as well as spoken communications is quicker and reduces confusion when two or more tropical storms occur at the same time". I get asked frequently who comes up with the list of tropical names. The short answer is the World Meteorological Organization, or WMO. They have strict procedures for coming up with names that are English, Spanish, and French. They say this is to reflect the geographical coverage of the storms. They only use 21 letters of the alphabet, too. You won't find tropical systems with names that begin with Q, U, X, Y, or Z because they want the names to be easily understood and recognizable. Since storms started getting named, there have been two hurricane seasons where there were more than 21 named storms in a year. That was in 2005 and 2020. When that happens, the Greek alphabet is used. 2020 had the most Greek letters used, with nine. The last named storm that year was "Iota"! Hopefully, we don't do that again!
Time Magazine
30-07-2025
- Climate
- Time Magazine
How to Stay Safe During a Tsunami
More than a dozen countries are on alert for potential tsunami activity after the world's sixth-biggest earthquake hit eastern Russia. The 8.8 magnitude earthquake that struck Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on Wednesday morning has already resulted in the first tsunami waves on Japan's Hokkaido coast, while residents in Hawaii have been advised to move to higher ground amid blaring tsunami sirens. Much of the West Coast, Alaska, and countries in the Pacific have also received tsunami alerts of varying levels. Read More: Sixth-Largest Earthquake on Record Triggers Global Tsunami Warnings Here's what to know in the event of a tsunami. What is a tsunami? A tsunami is a series of massive waves caused by earthquakes or undersea volcanic eruptions, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service. Seismic activity can cause sudden ocean water displacement which results in strong currents and powerful waves that build in height as they approach the shore. The waves radiate in all directions and can travel as fast as a jet plane over deep waters, slowing down as they get to shallower depths. Tsunamis consist of more than one wave that can occur across an extended period of time. The first wave is also not always the biggest—subsequent waves can build in height suddenly and dramatically. Large tsunamis can also continue for days. Japan has warned that tsunamis resulting from the Kamchatka quake may last more than a day. How are tsunamis forecast? While several countries have issued tsunami forecasts, each tsunami that results from this quake will likely range in severity. The waves that hit Russia's port town of Severo-Kurilsk had a height of 10-13 ft (3-4 m), while those that hit Japan's Hokkaido coast were around 12 in (30 cm) to 16 in (40 cm). Tsunamis are also not possible to precisely predict, according to the U.S. National Weather Service. Instead, tsunami warning centers forecast tsunamis based on the size and location of an earthquake that precedes it, as well as forecast models to estimate wave height, location, and arrival times once a tsunami is already detected. The NOAA uses Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) systems in partnership with a broader international network of systems to detect, measure, and report in real-time tsunamis in the open ocean by measuring changes in water pressure as a tsunami wave passes. What to do in a tsunami warning The U.S. follows a four-tier system for tsunami alerts. In descending levels of severity, these are: warning, advisory, watch, and information statement, according to the NWS. People should also be alert to visible natural signs of a tsunami, including a loud roar from the ocean and a sudden rise or fall of water levels. A sudden retraction in water from the shoreline is an indication that a tsunami may occur. A tsunami warning is the highest alert for a tsunami. The NWS says a tsunami warning means: 'Take Action—Danger! A tsunami that may cause widespread flooding is expected or occurring. Dangerous coastal flooding and powerful currents are possible and may continue for several hours or days after initial arrival.' In the event of a tsunami warning, people are advised to evacuate immediately and move to high ground and as far inland as possible (at least 100 ft above sea level or one mile inland), and follow the instructions of local authorities. Some areas under threat, such as Hawaii, also open emergency shelters for those evacuating. While people should move to higher ground, most tall buildings are not built to withstand the impact of tsunamis, according to the NWS. If no other option is available, the upper stories of some tall and strong buildings may provide some protection. If you are in a boat at sea at the time of a tsunami warning, you should go out to sea to a safe depth, the Department of Homeland Security's says. If you are in a harbor, you should leave your boat and move to a safe area on land. What to do in a tsunami advisory A tsunami advisory is the second-highest alert level by the NWS. The agency says a tsunami advisory means: 'Take Action—A tsunami with potential for strong currents or waves dangerous to those in or very near the water is expected or occurring. There may be flooding of beach and harbor areas.' People are advised to stay out of the water and away from beaches and waterways, as well as to follow the instructions of local authorities. What other tsunami alerts mean According to the NWS, a tsunami watch means:'Be Prepared—A distant earthquake has occurred. A tsunami is possible.' In the event of a tsunami watch, people are advised to stay alert for more information and be prepared to take action if it becomes necessary. A tsunami information statement is the lowest alert level and means: 'Relax—An earthquake has occurred, but there is no threat or it was very far away and the threat has not been determined. In most cases, there is no threat of a destructive tsunami.' For international partners in the Pacific and Caribbean, the U.S. issues tsunami threats as opposed to alerts. A threat message outlines the potential impact to people, structures, and ecosystems according to the NWS. Other countries then determine what alert to issue. Other countries also often use tiered alert systems, although they may use different terms for each. People should check their local emergency management systems for any alerts and more information from different tsunami warning systems, visit or refer to your local weather or emergency management center, such as Japan's Meteorological Agency and Hawaii's Emergency Management Agency.
Time of India
13-06-2025
- Science
- Time of India
5 of the weirdest ocean phenomena no one told you about
While oceans are often known for their tides, currents, and marine life, they also witness some rare natural events that many people don't know about. These unusual phenomena don't happen often, but when they do, they catch the attention of sailors, scientists, and people living near the coast. From glowing lights in the sky during storms to twisting water columns and strange waves caused by pressure shifts, the ocean can behave in ways that are surprising but completely real. In this article, we look at five rare but scientifically recognised ocean events that show just how unpredictable and fascinating the sea can be. Note: This list draws reference from information available on the National Ocean Service website. St. Elmo's Fire This rare phenomenon usually happens during strong storms, especially out at sea. When the air becomes highly charged with electricity, it can create a soft blue or violet glow around pointed objects like ship masts or airplane wings. This glowing effect, caused by ionised air, is known as St. Elmo's Fire. In the past, sailors saw it as a spiritual sign, but today it's understood as a natural electrical discharge that occurs during intense weather. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Walgreens Faces Worst Nightmare as 87¢ ED Pill Takes Over Health Alliance by Friday Plans Learn More Undo While it's not harmful on its own, it's a sign that a powerful thunderstorm is nearby. Fog tsunami Along some coastlines, especially in early summer, huge walls of fog can suddenly roll in, looking like a giant wave crashing over the land. This kind of fog forms when warm, moist air moves over colder ocean water, causing thick condensation. Winds then push the fog inland, making it move quickly and dramatically. These fog events are harmless but can cause serious visibility problems, often delaying flights and affecting ships at sea. They're completely natural but don't happen very often, usually showing up in places where there's a big difference between land and sea temperatures. Meteotsunamis Not all tsunamis are caused by earthquakes. In rare cases, sudden changes in air pressure– usually from fast-moving storm systems– can push ocean water and create waves that look like tsunamis. These are called meteotsunamis. They're usually smaller than earthquake-related tsunamis, but if they reach narrow places like harbours or gulfs, the waves can grow bigger and stronger as the energy gets trapped. Their size and impact depend on the weather, how fast the storm is moving, and the shape of the coastline. Waterspouts Waterspouts are spinning columns of air that stretch from the clouds down to the surface of the ocean or large lakes. There are two main types: fair-weather waterspouts, which are usually mild, and tornadoic waterspouts, which form during storms and can be much more dangerous. Tornadic waterspouts act like tornadoes over water, bringing strong winds and rough seas. Even though fair-weather waterspouts are generally weaker and don't last long, they can still pose risks to boats and smaller vessels. These are most often seen in tropical and coastal areas, including parts of India during the monsoon season. Maelstroms Maelstroms form when strong ocean currents collide, creating a spinning, whirlpool-like motion on the water's surface. While they're not as dramatic as the giant whirlpools shown in movies, real maelstroms can still be dangerous, especially for small boats or underwater gear. They usually appear in narrow channels or straits where water flow is fast and forced through tight spaces. Though not very common, maelstroms are a powerful reminder of how much force the sea can hold just beneath the surface.
Yahoo
25-04-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
The best reef-safe sunscreens of 2025 help keep oceans clean
Skin is the body's biggest organ, so it only makes sense that you'd want to use the best products on it, to track down those that are ultra-gentle plus safe for your body — and the planet. Reef-safe sunscreens tend to achieve both goals. According to the National Park Service, 4,000 to 6,000 tons of sunscreen washes off swimmers and into oceans worldwide every year. The National Ocean Service reports that common sun protection ingredients including the chemical oxybenzone — found in many popular sunscreen lotions and sprays in the U.S. — are contributing to the deterioration of coral reefs, which are essential for the globe's marine life. In fact, the effects of chemical sunscreen ingredients are dire enough that popular tourist destinations including Hawaii and Key West, Fla., have banned the sale and use of these products altogether. The result is a spate of new and improved reef-safe sun protection lines that combine skin-nourishing ingredients with high-quality SPF and forgo the environmental harm. Best reef-safe sunscreen overall Other top reef-safe sunscreens we recommend for 2025 Factors to consider when choosing a reef-safe sunscreen FAQs Meet our experts Update, April 25, 2025: We checked all product prices and availability and added Pipette Mineral Sunscreen as our new pick for dry skin. Our number one pick for the best reef-safe sunscreen remains unchanged. (back to top) (back to top) Active Ingredients: Zinc oxide is a common ingredient in mineral sunscreens. It's known to help with skin irritation and improve cell turnover. Titanium dioxide is another common ingredient to look out for — it helps protect your skin from UV rays and is gentle enough for even sensitive skin types. Additionally, you'll want to look for hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid, glycerin or ceramides. SPF: The American Academy of Dermatology Association recommends using a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Anything with SPF 30 will block 97% of UVB rays. Mineral or chemical: This choice is highly individual and depends on your preference, but both are effective in helping protect your skin. Mineral sunscreens take a bit longer to absorb, but they're more suitable for those with acne-prone or sensitive skin. Chemical sunscreens are more lightweight and sink in quickly; plus they're usually more sweat resistant and water resistant. Water resistant: In order for a sunscreen to be labeled water resistant, it must be tested to ensure that it remains effective for 40 minutes in the water, according to the American Academy of Dermatology Association. Cruelty free: Look for 'cruelty-free' labels, read up on the brand's mission or research the brand's testing process. You can also review resources like People4Ocean to stay educated on cruelty-free brands. PETA has a list of brands that carry cruelty-free sunscreens. (back to top) "Reef-safe" most commonly refers to sun protection made without the two most common chemicals found in chemical sunscreens: oxybenzone and octinoxate. Studies show that these chemicals cause coral bleaching, which often results in disease and death of the reefs, which has a profoundly negative impact on marine life and ecosystems. It's important to note that the terms "reef-safe" and "reef-friendly" are not official definitions — more research is needed on the effects of additional chemicals, preservatives and dyes found in many commercial sunscreens. For now, many scientists believe "non-nano" zinc oxide sunscreens are the safest — "non-nano" refers to larger zinc oxide particles that protect, but don't penetrate, the skin. (In studies, zinc oxide, which is found in many mineral sunscreens, hasn't harmed marine plants and wildlife.) Whether or not you opt for reef-safe sunscreen, remember that any SPF is better than no SPF. For further help choosing, check out our lists of best sunscreens for your body and best sunscreens for your face. Reef-safe sunscreens can work as well as and — some experts believe — even better than those that contain oxybenzone and octinoxate. Many reef-safe sunscreens are mineral sunscreens, which means they use minerals like zinc oxide to create a physical barrier from ultraviolet rays (mineral versions are also most often the best sunscreens for sensitive skin). Unlike chemical sunscreens, these SPF products start working upon application. "Chemical sunscreens require time to bind with the skin to be the most effective," said dermatologist and Kiehl's skin consultant Dr. Michelle Henry, who recommends applying chemical sunscreens 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure. According to cosmetic dermatologist Dr. Ava Shamban, the most important quality to look for in an effective SPF is not the type, but the coverage itself: "Not all sun protectants guard against both UVA and UVB rays, which is important. Always look for something that is broad-spectrum, meaning it covers both types of damaging rays," she said. Reef-safe sunscreens will provide adequate protection as long as they're "a quality product at 30 SPF [or above], applied properly and as suggested every three hours, or every two in direct sun activities," Shamban said. (back to top) Dr. Ava Shamban, MD, board-certified dermatologist and cosmetic dermatologist Dr. Michelle Henry, MD FAAD, board-certified dermatologist and dermatologic surgeon Dr. Harry Fallick, DO, reconstructive plastic surgeon and founder of TIZO
Yahoo
10-02-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Watch: Deep-sea anglerfish's rare swim in shallow waters
The Brief A deep-sea anglerfish was recently spotted swimming in broad daylight in the Canary Islands. The sighting is rare as the fish typically stays in the depths of the ocean below the sunlight zone. It's perhaps the first time the fish has been spotted and reported at this depth. A rare oceanic feat was captured on video recently, involving a deep-sea fish that has rarely been seen before in broad daylight - if ever. Here's what to know about the rare deep-sea anglerfish sighting: A deep-sea anglerfish was seen swimming in broad daylight recently off the Canary Islands. The nightmarish fish was spotted by Condrik Tenerife, a local organization that specializes in shark and ray research and conservation. By the numbers Usually these fish are found at depths of between 200 and 2,000 meters, or about 650 to 6,561 feet deep. Sunlight can penetrate about 200 meters deep, according to the National Ocean Service. What they're saying Condrik Tenerife posted video of the fish swimming in bright blue waters, saying it's "a legendary fish that few people will have had the privilege of observing alive." "To date, records have mostly consisted of larvae, dead adults, or specimens spotted by submarines during deep-sea scientific expeditions," Condrik Tenerife told Storyful. RELATED: Largest shark ever tagged by research group spotted off Florida coast Dig deeper Deep-sea anglerfish have very large mouths and stomachs and long, pointy teeth in order to facilitate capturing and swallowing any prey they come across, which typically isn't much that deep down. They also have a lure used to attract prey. "The deep sea anglerfish's lure is filled with bacteria that make their own light. Using a muscular skin flap, a deep sea anglerfish can either hide or reveal its lighted lure," according to Oceana, an international advocacy organization that focuses on ocean conservation. RELATED: VIDEO: Massive and strange fish stranded along Florida coast. What is Mola Mola fish? The Source Information in this article was taken from Condrik Tenerife, the National Ocean Service, Oceana and Storyful, a social media video licensing agency. This story was reported from Detroit.
