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Mint
27-07-2025
- Business
- Mint
Why Coromandel International has thrived while many fertilizer companies have struggled
Kakinada/Vishakapatnam/Hyderabad: The first thing you notice as you enter Coromandel International's phosphatic fertilizer plant at Kakinada in North-Eastern Andhra Pradesh is not a smoke stack but a bird sanctuary. Spread across 25 acres, it has a large pond, over 200,000 trees and very bushy flora. Every year 97 different types of birds, including Grey Heron, Painted Storks, Northern Pintails, Eurasian Wigeons, and Indian Darters, some from as far away as Siberia, visit the sanctuary, which is now recognized by the United Nations Development Programme. The tall trees and bushes make for ideal nesting ground for the birds. About 20,000 fishes are added to the pond every November to provide the birds with food when they start visiting from mid-June. The bird sanctuary has become the pride of the company and all expansions over the last 10 years have religiously maintained its sanctity. This apparent focus on ecological preservation is perhaps one of the reasons why Coromandel, a part of the ₹77,800 crore Murugappa Group, is ranked among the top 7% of the global chemical companies in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. 'Only companies with high Environment, Sustainability and Governance (ESG) scores can thrive in the long run," Natarajan Srinivasan, executive vice chairman, Coromandel International, told Mint. 'Such companies tend to be investor friendly and investment worthy," he added. Coromandel is not looking for funds, be it equity or debt. It is sitting on a cash pile of ₹4,400 crore and is debt free. In 2024-25 alone, it generated cash to the tune of ₹2,464 crore from its operations. The company, nevertheless, wants to be ready with strong ESG credentials if a need arises to raise low-cost funds in the future. Companies with high ESG ratings are eligible to issue green bonds at an interest cost that is at least 2% lower than market rates. It is this approach to business that has made Coromandel International one of the most efficient and profitable producers of fertilizers in the country, in a sector that is highly regulated and very challenging even on a good day. So much so, that some of its peers have exited the business. In 2020, Aditya Birla group sold Indo Gulf Fertilizers to Indorama Corporation. Two years earlier, Tata Chemicals had sold its phosphatic fertilizer business to a subsidiary of Indorama Corporation. Coromandel, however, is going strong. In 2024-25, it posted a standalone revenue of ₹24,428 crore and profit after tax (PAT) of ₹1,941 crore. Fertilizers accounted for 89% of its sales and crop protection chemicals the rest. The company's Ebitda (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation) margin was at 12% and PAT margin at 8%. In March, rating agency Crisil Ratings reaffirmed its AAA rating for Coromandel, which is the only fertilizer company with the top rating. 'The ratings continued to reflect the strong position of Coromandel in India's phosphatic-fertilizer market, strong operating efficiency supported by backward integration facilities and robust financial risk profile," read Crisil's rating rationale. Equity analysts, too, have been bullish on the company. Motilal Oswal Financial Services, in its recent report, has said that the company is well-positioned to deliver a sustained performance and long-term value backed by favourable market dynamics, strategic product focus and operational efficiencies. Coromandel's stock closed at ₹2,436.80 on 25 July, up over 50% in the last one year. Meanwhile, the company's benchmark Nifty Midcap 150 index remained nearly flat in the same time period. What has Coromandel, the second largest phosphatic fertilizer producer (after IFFCO) and a major name in crop-protection chemicals with 18 units across the country, done differently? To answer that question, it is essential to understand the industry's importance to the economy and the challenges it faces as a consequence. 'It's strangulation' India is the second largest consumer of fertilizers in the world after China. After all, agriculture accounts for 18% of India's gross domestic product (GDP) and plant nutrients are critical in ensuring good farm output and thereby food security. Higher output keeps food prices under control and the economy strong. The agriculture sector also supports the livelihood of 42% of the population. What makes the fertilizer sector even more attractive is that demand exceeds domestic supply. Imports account for 16% of India's fertilizer consumption. Considering the sector's importance, the government has chosen to regulate it tightly. 'It decides almost everything, from the quantum of production, to where to supply and when," said Amir Alvi, chief operating officer, fertilizer, Coromandel International. Though retail prices are purportedly deregulated, they are usually 'indicated' by the government. Thanks to the principle of 'reasonableness of return', the post tax return is capped at 12%, he added. Regulation, or strangulation, as some industry insiders call it, is not the only challenge. Companies are obligated to sell critical fertilizers to farmers at 75% of the cost. The remaining 25% comes as a subsidy from the government. In the past these payments have been delayed, forcing the companies to borrow more to meet the working capital shortfall. With Indian farming being predominantly rain-fed, the demand for fertilizers is directly linked to rainfall. Less rain or worse, a drought, will cause fertilizer offtake to drop sharply, leading to an inventory pile-up. The industry, which operates at a very low margin of 3% to 4%, does not have the wherewithal to absorb any shocks. This makes fertilizer companies particularly vulnerable, as key raw materials, be it rock phosphate, phosphoric acid, sulphur, ammonia, or muriate of potash, are entirely imported. A depreciation in the value of the rupee will eat into the industry's already wafer-thin margins. In recent times, geopolitical tensions have created havoc. When Russia invaded Ukraine, the conflict disrupted the supply of natural gas, a key ingredient in the production of fertilizers and other inputs such as ammonia, urea and potash, causing a spike in their prices. More recently, the Israel-Iran war saw supply of urea and ammonia being affected. These factors have created a dichotomy. While the fertilizer sector is absolutely critical for India and offers strong demand potential, no new entity, Indian or foreign, is keen on entering it. Existing companies hesitate to make large investments. Under these circumstances, how is Coromandel bucking the trend? 'Coromandel's strong performance in the recent past reflects its disciplined focus on backward integration, operational excellence and differentiated product portfolios," said Arun Alagappan, executive chairman, Coromandel International. He added that manufacturing efficiency has been enhanced through targeted capacity debottlenecking, investments in multi-product plants, and the deployment of precision agri-services, by leveraging drones and satellite-based diagnostics. Backward integration With thin margins and strong vulnerabilities both on the demand and supply side, the company chose to heavily re-invest its profits with a special focus on backward and forward integration. Projects worth ₹2,000 crore are currently in progress. The company's Kakinada plant, which produces two-third of its complex fertilizers (those that contain all three primary nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), imports sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid, its key raw materials. But supply of phosphoric acid is tight globally while international prices of sulphuric acid fluctuate widely. 'We are setting up sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid units in Kakinada at a cost of ₹1,100 crore. This will make us more self-sufficient on the raw material front and less vulnerable to geopolitical shocks," explained S Sankarasubramanian, MD & CEO, Coromandel International. Rock phosphate and sulphur, which go into production of phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid, respectively, are available in plenty and can be imported easily. The backward integration has other benefits as well. Production of sulphuric acid also has an additional benefit as it helps generate power (by harnessing the steam resulting from the production process), and this reduces the company's power costs. Similarly, production of phosphoric acid generates gypsum. The company has initiated plans to value-add gypsum to produce boards and plaster of paris. These measures, analysts say, will enhance its margins significantly. De-risking The company, which currently has the capacity to produce 3.5 million tonnes of phosphatic fertilizers, is setting up a new line that will add 750,000 tonnes at Kakinada. An expansion is being planned at Visakhapatnam, as well. 'We want to take our capacity to 10 million tonnes in the next few years," Alvi said. The additional capacity will help Coromandel become a pan-India player, substantially de-risking its business. Today, a drought in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana will hurt the company significantly as it has a 70% share in these markets. Raw material security Fertilizer companies typically suffer from poor capacity utilisation due to lack of adequate raw material supply. Coromandel, too, faced such issues. Its capacity utilisation was below 75% five years ago. To overcome this problem, it began building relationships with suppliers and inked long-term contracts. Today, almost 80% of its raw material needs are met through such contracts. The company has also formed joint ventures, with Foskor in South Africa and TIFERT in Tunisia, to procure phosphoric acid, but the JVs have not delivered as expected. Recently, Coromandel acquired Baobab Mining and Chemical Corporation (BMCC) in Senegal. BMCC operates a rock phosphate mine. After initial challenges, it now meets 15% of Coromandel's rock phosphate needs. These measures have ensured raw material security and in 2024-25, the company's capacity utilization touched 100%. Fertilizer sector experts say the biggest success of Coromandel International is its versatile production process, which can handle different grades of raw material. 'We are the only company in India to have a miniature pilot plant, which we use to adapt the process to different quality inputs," Sankarasubramanian said. The ability to handle multiple grades of raw material adds to the company's raw material security and improves its margins. Farmer connect In a unique move, Coromandel International began setting up its own 'Growmor' retail shops in 2008 and saw many benefits. Sales through its own shops help it save on the dealer margin, which is anywhere between 6% and 10%. They also help in brand promotion and protecting market share as dealers have little brand loyalty. 'Most importantly, we wanted to have a direct connection with the farmers. Today, these shops help us in understanding their purchase pattern, pest scenario, and get feedback, which is then used to improve the products," said G. Babu, head, retail business. As of end-May, Coromandel's retail network was 903 outlets strong, spread across the southern states (barring Kerala) and Maharashtra. It also plans to enter Madhya Pradesh this year. These shops serve 3 million farmers and have come in handy as the company is now offering services such as spraying of fertilizers through drones. Coromandel recently invested ₹150 crore to acquire a 58% stake in Dhaksha Unmanned Systems Private Ltd, a drone maker. The retail rollout was not easy. Between 2021 and 2024, the company had to halt the process and review the model as many stores failed to deliver profits. Many were shut and a few were relocated. The rollout restarted last fiscal year. Today, Coromandel sees this retail network as a critical part of its transition to become an agri solutions enterprise. Coromandel is also tweaking its product portfolio in a bid to reduce its share of subsidy-based products by focussing more on crop protection chemicals, and advanced products such as nano-DAP, nano-Urea and purified phosphoric acid (used in battery manufacturing). But success has been limited. Subsidy-based products continue to account for 80% of the sales. The company survived a scare in December 2023 when ammonia gas leaked from the under-sea pipeline at its Ennore plant in Chennai. About 67.6 tonnes of the gas leaked in just 15 minutes, causing discomfort to nearby residents. Protests erupted and calls were made to shut the plant permanently. A study by a technical committee concluded that large boulders had moved during Cyclone Michaung, damaging the pipeline. A fine of ₹5.92 crore was imposed on the company, which has not operated the fertilizer plant at Ennore since the incident. While analysts and industry experts commend the company for its efforts towards efficiency, they say a lot of work lies ahead. Farming is changing and Coromandel needs to develop non-chemical fertilizers that can fuel plant growth without hurting the soil, they say. Precision farming is taking root and technology, including artificial intelligence, will play a significant role from now on. Though Coromandel has taken initial steps in this area, its task is cut out.
India.com
07-06-2025
- India.com
5 Unbelievable Birdwatching Spots In Indore You Didn't Know About
Often referred to as the 'heart of India', Indore boasts of rich cultural heritage, mouth-watering street food, and delightful buzzing markets. It is the largest city in Madhya Pradesh and one of the most rapidly developing cities in India. However, despite its metropolitan charm, it still holds some treasure troves for nature lovers with its stunningly beautiful birdwatching locations. Even though Indore is famous as an industrial hub, the city is rich with greenery and many different species of birds. Indore's industrial metropolitan charm makes these avian wonderlands shocking and surprising for nature lovers and other birdwatchers. Why Indore City Is An Exceptional Birdwatching Location Birdwatching has now become more than just a hobby. It also serves as a bridge to reconnect humans with nature and appreciate biodiversity. With Indore rapidly urbanizing, these patches of wilderness need to be preserved to help maintain the ecosystem and help the residents reconnect with nature. Neglecting these imposing structures proves to be disastrous for humans and nature alike. Indore, though expanding, has been fortunate enough to retain some remarkable habitats which are a delight to both amateur and seasoned birdwatchers. 1. Sirpur Lake: A Paradise for Aquatic Birds Among the top birdwatching spots Indore has to offer is Sirpur Lake, perched at the outskirts of the city. This manmade reservoir was built during the British raj and it still holds importance for both migrant and resident birds. In the winter months, that is, from November to February, Sirpur becomes a haven for migrating waterbirds, such as Northern Pintails, Common Teals and Eurasian Wigeons. There are some duck species, like the Indian spot-billed duck, purple swamp hen and little grebe, that stay for the whole year. The wide open waters of the lake are great for wading birds such as Black-winged Stilts and Red-Wattled Lapwings. The best time of the day for visitors to see birds is early in the morning or in the late afternoons. Ospreys and Brahminy Kites could be seen soaring above the lake whilst the sun shines, which makes the scene quite dramatic. With its gorgeous landscape, coupled with the abundance of wildlife, it is easy to see why many photographers and ornithologists appreciate and frequent Sirpur Lake. 2. Pardesipura Garden: An Urban Jewel In the middle of Indore city, the Pardesipura Garden offers soothing relief from the growing concrete jungle. Although this garden is smaller than some other parks, it still sustains a variety of small passerine birds. Tailorbird, White-throated Kingfisher, and Ashy Prinia are among the species that visit the garden for its rich shrubbery and flowering plants. Pardesipura Garden is appealing because it is easy to access. It is situated near populated residential zones which makes it possible for families and novices to observe birds without traveling a long distance. It is good to take relaxing strolls while watching the birds hover about the trees and shrubs. Look out for the colorful bursts of parakeets and sunbirds that add color to the experience. 3. Ralamandal Wildlife Sanctuary: Nature's Gift The Ralamandal Wildlife Sanctuary is an excellent option for anyone willing to travel a bit further from the city's center. Located about 25 kilometers towards the southwest of Indore, this reserved site is protected and is 400 hectares large. It consists of dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Its dry deciduous lateral and rare habitats support many of the fauna which are already afftected or endangered. Highlights of Ralamandal include the Indian Peafowl, Grey Francolin, and Jungle Bush Quail. The skies are patrolled by raptors like the Crested Serpent Eagle and Shikra, while Spotted Owlet and Indian nightjars take over at sundown. The Greater Flamingo and other migratory birds provide additional winter beauty to the sanctuary's ponds. The network of trails at Ralamandal is well maintained, making navigation within the sanctuary easy. Birdwatchers who want to know more about the region's plants and wildlife can sign up for guided tours. One thing to keep in mind is that permits to enter the sanctuary need to be requested ahead of time to avoid wildlife disturbances. 4. Bijasen Mata Temple Hill: Spirituality Among Birds Bijasen Mata Temple sits on top of a hillock overlooking Indore. While the temple is not usually a birdwatching destination, it is likely to attract some bird species because of its height and the presence of wooded areas. Visitors to the temple have to climb some stairs, but while doing so, they get the opportunity to watch flocks of Rose-ringed Parakeets, Asian Koels, and Golden Orioles resting on the trees. The hilltop location is particularly captivating for terrain-loving locals and tourists because of its fantastic views of the entire city. Observers of the bird world are provided with a great vantage point from which watching swift and swallow birds gliding and swooping down towards the horizon becomes a reality. For birding enthusiasts, the cooler temperatures of early mornings tips the scale in their favor, making it the best attraction during those hours as more birds are visible within the area. 5. Kaliasot Dam: Where Unmatched Engineering and Nature Collide Kalosiot Dam is an unexplored bird watching site. The location preserves nature's beauty while aiding in the birdspertise. It lies at the eastern reach of Indore, roughly 20 kilometers away. The breathtaking reserve is nestled amongst rocky hills and sparse shrubbery, forming an underwater body when the Kaliasot river is present, making it an instantaneous attraction for birdwatchers. Witnessing Painted Storks, Wooly-necked Storks, and a variety of herons including Pond Herons and Grey herons is exceptionally common in Kaliasot. The dam also attracts other ordinary birds like Pied Kingfisher Raptors and shorter toed snake eagles. These amazing birds soar high around the dam and eagle eye the view beneath them looking for their next meal. Less crowds are guaranteed in the dam's remote region, providing a higher chance of uninterrupted bird watching sessions. Because of the limited facilities, taking essentials such as field guides, binoculars, and adequate drinking water is crucial before visiting. Birdwatching Tips for Indore Here are some tips to help you fully enjoy birdwatching in Indore: Timing: Birds are most active during dawn and dusk, so try to plan your trips accordingly. Gear: Bring a good pair of binoculars and a camera with a good zoom lens for capturing distant birds. Clothing: Try to wear clothes with neutral colors to avoid startling the birds. Respect Nature: Try to keep human impact to a minimum by maintaining silence while walking, sticking to designated paths, and not littering. Local Guides: Ask local experts or join birdwatching groups to understand more about birdwatching in particular places and during certain times of the year. Final Thoughts Even though Indore is not commonly known as a birdwatching paradise, it does have a rich avian diversity because of the diverse ecosystem. From Sirpur Lake with its calm waters, to the rough beauty of Ralamandal Wildlife Sanctuary, each location and region has its own set of surprises. These sites serve as a reminder that amidst all the commotion of the busy cities, there is wilderness that offers peace and wonder to those who seek it. Encircled with nature and urban life, Indore is a birdwatching spot that offers enriching experiences whether you are a dedicated birdwatcher or someone that just wants to take a break.
India.com
30-05-2025
- India.com
7 Best Birdwatching Spots Near Udaipur City Or Nature Lovers
Udaipur is also known as the 'City of Lakes' because of its beautiful setting with amazing water bodies, vibrant palaces, and scenic views. Many tourists visit this mesmerizing city to admire its cultural richness and architectural wonders, but very few know about its other jewel—bird watching. Udaipur located in the lap of Aravalli Hills has a sophisticated combination of town and natural beauty which is home to many species of birds. From migratory to resident birds, Udaipur has a multitude of habitats and ecosystems that provide a great ground for birdwatching. This article explores some of the hidden gem bird watching places around Udaipur, their ecological importance, and the remarkable avifauna they support. 1. Fateh Sagar Lake: A Sanctuary for Water Birds Fateh Sagar Lake, one of the Udaipur Lakes, is a picturesque spot which is a remarkable place for water birds. This manmade lake was built in the late 17th Century by Maharaja Jai Singh and its area covers 4 square kilometers. It is surrounded by small islands and mountains making the views worth visiting. Its richness in calm waters and dense vegetation makes it an ideal resting place for both migratory and resident birds. During winters, Fateh Sagar serves as a stopover for migratory birds like the Northern Pintails, Bar-headed Geese, and Common Teals that flock from Siberia and Central Asia. Alongside resident species such as fish, insects, and aquatic plants, the nutrient-filled waters of the lake draw many birds to it. Indian Spot-billed Duck, Purple Moorhen, and Little Grebe are some of the resident birds that add to the biodiversity of the lake and can be spotted all year around. Those who go birdwatching around Fateh Sagar can see decent numbers of pelicans swimming elegantly on the water surface or cormorants perching on rocks and drying their wings. The best time to visit will be early morning and late afternoons when the sunlight is mellow, visibility is good, and the chances of spotting certain species is heightened. Apart from that, the rest of the Nehru Garden begins on an island within the lake, which adds to the different locations from which one can watch the birds in their natural surroundings. 2. Pichola Lake: The Place that Stands for Culture and Bird Life Without a doubt, one of the most photographed bodies of water in Udaipur is also a haven for bird watchers: Pichola lake. As it is aptly called, Pichola Lake is an extensive freshwater lake which forms the lifeline of the region, especially of Picholi village, and which has been in existence since 1362. Accompanied with a City Palace and a Jag Mandir, Pichola Lake has a picture perfect setting for the bird watchers. Both migratory and resident birds flock to the lake because its large area and adjacent marshes appeal to them. Some of the permanent inhabitants are the residents like the Painted Stork, Black-winged Stilt, and the Grey Heron. Some of the migratory waders are the Eurasian Wigeon, Gadwall, and the Red-crested Pochard, wintering here. These species highlight the significance of this lake as a central part of the Central Asian Flyway migratory system for continental birds. Pichola Lake is best known for the wonderful birding experience it offers, including observing birds in their natural habitat. For example, egrets can be seen wading in shallow waters for food while kingfishers are often diving in the water to catch fish. The breathtaking blend of historical sites and wildlife is absolutely awe-inspiring, which is why Pichola Lake is considered a paradise for bird watchers and nature lovers. 3. Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary: A Secret Jewel for Bird Lovers Birding in Udaipur is primarily concentrated around the city's lakes. However, the Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary provides a different setting. Situated on the city's edge, this sanctuary includes parts of the Aravalli Hills, which offer a striking juxtaposition to the serene lakes. Sajjangarh may be small in size, but it is rich in biodiversity, especially in avian life forms. This area has birds from both the forests as well as the open fields. While in the sanctuary, visitors can expect to see birds such as the Indian Peafowl, Jungle Babbler, and the White-throated Kingfisher. Birds of prey such as the Crested Serpent Eagle and Shikra are commonly seen flying over the hills and searching for food. During the monsoons, the sanctuary also becomes a refuge for many passerine birds which include the Oriental Magpie-Robin and Indian Robin, whose songs fill the trees. What's most astonishing about Sajjangarh is how accessible it is. It is a protected region but is within easy reach of Udaipur city. It is perfect for tourists who want to get away from the city without traveling too long. The sanctuary includes the Monsoon Palace, where the mesmerizing views of Udaipur are simply breathtaking. 4. Udaisagar Lake: A Secluded Getaway for Ornithologists Located about 20 kilometers east of Udaipur, Udaisagar Lake is an expansive lake that was built in the mid-16th century. It is one of the most underrated places for bird watching. The lake is surrounded by agricultural fields and scrublands that create feeding and nesting opportunities for a variety of birds which makes it an ideal place for bird watchers. Because the lake is so far from civilization there is less human interference from nearby settlements, allowing birds to thrive. The migrating species often seen at the lake include the Greater Flamingo, Great Crested Grebe, and Black-tailed Godwit. Many tourists are pleasantly surprised when they view the flamingos as these coastal birds are far more accustomed to warmer waters. Even the Osprey and Peregrine Falcon raptors make their way to Udaisagar Lake along with various other birds. They scour over the open waters to hunt. As for birdwatchers, if they make their way closer to the lake, there is a chance for them to spot some smaller birds like the Pied Kingfisher or Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark. The calm ambiance of the lake and scarcity of people nearby makes Udaisagar an ideal tourist spot for those seeking a deeper connection with nature. 5. Ambamata Hill: One of a Kind Urban Bird Watching Place Enjoying bird watching while being in the city is something many people wish for, and Ambamata Hill is the perfect place for that. This place is located near the popular Ambamata Temple, making it easy for tourists and locals alike. The hill is covered in dense greenery, offering shelter to various species of birds within the city's jungle. What makes Ambamata Hill stand out is not just its location, but also the rose ringed parakeet and plum headed parakeet which are very popular and in large numbers at that location. These birds can easily be seen flying around trees and their vibrant colored feathers complement the greenery. They are not alone as the Indian Robin, Yellow-footed Green Pigeon, and many different types of sunbirds can also be spotted. Ambamata Hill is often surprising because it blends wildlife with urbanization. The hill is nestled between lots of busy neighborhoods, yet it still serves as a calm sanctuary for birds looking to nest and feed in peace. Try to venture there during the early mornings when the weather is cool, quieter, and many more birds are willing to be spotted. 6. Birdwatching And Conservation Efforts Like any other city, witnessing birds in Udaipur comes with its unique perks, but it is important to highlight the many issues that these ecosystems constantly face. Many threats exist, including pollution, loss of natural environment, and climate change. Luckily, there are persistent local efforts to intervene and protect the region. Local groups like Udaipur Birdwatchers' Club help to make people more aware of how bird habitats should be protected. They conduct educational outreach, government participation, and regular sustained surveys. All these efforts put together help make a difference. Also, when visiting, it is important to encourage non-intrusive birdwatching, which would include techniques such as keeping a respectful distance, no littering, and staying within the local guidelines. Contributing to the preservation of Udaipur's bird diversity is made possible through supporting initiatives and undertaking ethical bird watching practices. In doing these, future generations will be able to witness the unique birdlife the city is known for along with its remarkable ecosystem. Conclusion Udaipur, with all its beautiful views and vibrant cultures, will never cease to amaze bird watchers. From the pristine Fateh Sagar and Pichola Lakes to the rocky Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary, there is so much to explore. Apart from the more popular places, the Udaisagar Lake and Ambamata Hill showcase lesser-known sights that further beautify the city, and bird watchers know the city is doing the best to save its natural beauty. While planning your next vacation to Udaipur, consider these off the beaten track places that are amazing for birdwatching. The whole city is a birdwatcher's delight and does wonders for a casual hobbyist as well. Therefore, next time you travel to Udaipur, remember, by taking on responsible tourism and helping crystallize the beauty of the city, we are able to make Udaipur an ideal city for both birds and people, a perfect virtuous circle where life and culture blends seamlessly.
