Latest news with #OSA
Medscape
4 days ago
- Health
- Medscape
Stay Alert to Sleep Apnea Burden in the Military
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with a significantly increased risk for adverse health outcomes and healthcare resource use among military personnel in the US, according to data from approximately 120,000 active-duty service members. OSA and other clinical sleep disorders are common among military personnel, driven in part by demanding, nontraditional work schedules that can exacerbate sleep problems, but OSA's impact in this population has not been well-studied, Emerson M. Wickwire, PhD, of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and colleagues wrote in a new paper published in Chest . In the current health economic climate of increasing costs and limited resources, the economic aspects of sleep disorders have never been more important, Wickwire said in an interview. The data in this study are the first to quantify the heath and utilization burden of OSA in the US military and can support military decision-makers regarding allocation of scarce resources, he said. To assess the burden of OSA in the military, they reviewed fully de-identified data from 59,203 active-duty military personnel with diagnoses of OSA and compared them with 59,203 active-duty military personnel without OSA. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 64 years; 7.4% were women and 64.5% were white individuals. Study outcomes included new diagnoses of physical and psychological health conditions, as well as healthcare resource use in the first year after the index date. Approximately one third of the participants were in the Army (38.7%), 25.6% were in the Air Force, 23.5% were in the Navy, 5.8% were in the Marines, 5.7% were in the Coast Guard, and 0.7% were in the Public Health Service. Over the 1-year study period, military personnel with OSA diagnoses were significantly more likely to experience new physical and psychological adverse events than control individuals without OSA, based on proportional hazards models. The physical conditions with the greatest increased risk in the OSA group were traumatic brain injury and cardiovascular disease (which included acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral procedures), with hazard ratios (HRs) 3.27 and 2.32, respectively. The psychological conditions with the greatest increased risk in the OSA group vs control individuals were posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety (HR, 4.41, and HR, 3.35, respectively). Individuals with OSA also showed increased use of healthcare resources compared with control individuals without OSA, with an additional 170,511 outpatient visits, 66 inpatient visits, and 1,852 emergency department visits. Don't Discount OSA in Military Personnel 'From a clinical perspective, these findings underscore the importance of recognizing OSA as a critical risk factor for a wide array of physical and psychological health outcomes,' the researchers wrote in their discussion. The results highlight the need for more clinical attention to patient screening, triage, and delivery of care, but efforts are limited by the documented shortage of sleep specialists in the military health system, they noted. Key limitations of the study include the use of an administrative claims data source, which did not include clinical information such as disease severity or daytime symptoms, and the nonrandomized, observational study design, Wickwire told Medscape Medical News . Looking ahead, the researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, are launching a new trial to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telehealth visits for military beneficiaries diagnosed with OSA as a way to manage the shortage of sleep specialists in the military health system, according to a press release from the University of Maryland. 'Although the association between poor sleep and traumatic stress is well-known, present results highlight striking associations between sleep apnea and posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and musculoskeletal injuries, which are key outcomes from the military perspective,' Wickwire told Medscape Medical News . 'Our most important clinical recommendation is for healthcare providers to be on alert for signs and symptoms of OSA, including snoring, daytime sleepiness, and morning dry mouth,' said Wickwire. 'Primary care and mental health providers should be especially attuned,' he added. Results Not Surprising, but Research Gaps Remain 'The sleep health of active-duty military personnel is not only vital for optimal military performance but also impacts the health of Veterans after separation from the military,' said Q. Afifa Shamim-Uzzaman, MD, an associate professor and a sleep medicine specialist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, in an interview. The current study identifies increased utilization of healthcare resources by active-duty personnel with sleep apnea, and outcomes were not surprising, said Shamim-Uzzaman, who is employed by the Veterans' Health Administration, but was not involved in the current study. The association between untreated OSA and medical and psychological comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety is well-known, Shamim-Uzzaman said. 'Patients with depression who also have sleep disturbances are at higher risk for suicide — the strength of this association is such that it led the Veterans' Health Administration to mandate suicide screening for Veterans seen in its sleep clinics,' he added. 'We also know that untreated OSA is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, slowed reaction times, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, all of which can contribute to sustaining injuries such as traumatic brain injury,' said Shamim-Uzzaman. 'Emerging evidence also suggests that sleep disruption prior to exposure to trauma increases the risk of developing PTSD. Therefore, it is not surprising that patients with sleep apnea would have higher healthcare utilization for non-OSA conditions than those without sleep apnea,' he noted. In clinical practice, the study underscores the importance of identifying and managing sleep health in military personnel, who frequently work nontraditional schedules with long, sustained shifts in grueling conditions not conducive to healthy sleep, Shamim-Uzzaman told Medscape Medical News . 'Although the harsh work environments that our active-duty military endure come part and parcel with the job, clinicians caring for these individuals should ask specifically about their sleep and working schedules to optimize sleep as best as possible; this should include, but not be limited to, screening and testing for sleep disordered breathing and insomnia,' he said. The current study has several limitations, including the inability to control for smoking or alcohol use, which are common in military personnel and associated with increased morbidity, said Shamim-Uzzaman. The study also did not assess the impact of other confounding factors, such as sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, that could impact the results, especially the association of OSA and traumatic brain injury, he noted. 'More research is needed to assess the impact of these factors as well as the effect of treatment of OSA on comorbidities and healthcare utilization,' he said. This study was supported by the Military Health Services Research Program. Wickwire's institution had received research funding from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation, Department of Defense, Merck, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging, ResMed, the ResMed Foundation, and the SRS Foundation. Wickwire disclosed serving as a scientific consultant to Axsome Therapeutics, Dayzz, Eisai, EnsoData, Idorsia, Merck, Nox Health, Primasun, Purdue, and ResMed and is an equity shareholder in Well Tap.
The Hindu
5 days ago
- Health
- The Hindu
Snoring isn't always harmless: sleep apnoea is the epidemic we're not talking about
It usually starts with a joke: 'you snore like a tractor' or even, 'your snores shook the walls.' But snoring can go beyond jokes and a bit of fun. Interestingly, a 2024 Tamil film DeAr centred around a newly-married couple, Deepika and Arjun, where oddly, the wife's snoring becomes a point of contention, used both in comedic and emotional strains. The film sensitively portrayed how something as common as snoring can affect not just sleep, but relationships, self-esteem, and daily functioning. It also underlined a deeper truth, which is that snoring is not merely a social nuisance, it could be a clinical red flag. Often dismissed as being caused by exhaustion or stress, snoring could actually signal a more serious, widely underdiagnosed condition, medically termed Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). Across India, particularly in urban and semi-urban populations, we are witnessing a steep rise in OSA diagnoses, especially among younger, working adults. A growing body of research suggests that up to 20% of Indian adults are affected, with many unaware that they even have it. Sedentary lifestyles, increasing hours of screen time, disrupted circadian rhythms, weight gain, and poor sleep hygiene are all contributing to this silent epidemic. What exactly is OSA? OSA is a condition in which the airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, causing breathing to stop for several seconds. These pauses, sometimes a few hundred per night, cause drops in oxygen levels, frequent arousals, and poor-quality sleep. The result? The body wakes up feeling as though it never rested. Classic symptoms include loud snoring, choking during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, memory lapses, mood swings, and unexplained fatigue. Over time, OSA raises the risk of hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and even stroke and cognitive decline. However, it's important to note that snoring is not always OSA, but nearly all OSA patients' snore. That makes habitual snoring, especially with other red flags—a clinical concern, not a joke! So why are we missing it? In my practice, many patients arrive only after years of misdiagnosis or neglect. One 34-year-old executive came in with fatigue and poor focus, previously told by physicians that it was burnout. A sleep study revealed moderate OSA. After undergoing coblation-assisted tongue-base and palatal surgery, his symptoms reversed almost entirely within six weeks. This isn't a rare case, and it's representative of a larger trend. Unfortunately, many people still associate OSA with older or overweight individuals. But today, we are seeing younger patients in their 20s and 30s, many with lean body types, develop sleep disordered breathing due to airway anatomy, postural habits, and nasal obstruction. T The role of surgical precision While Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy remains the first line of treatment, not all patients tolerate it well. For select cases, especially those with anatomical causes of obstruction, surgical interventions offer long-term relief. I have recommended minimally-invasive surgical options that use advanced coblation technology to gently reshape and open the airway. Recent medical studies have shown that this approach, especially when combined with soft palate procedures, can significantly reduce snoring, improve sleep quality, and restore energy during the day. These outcomes aren't just clinical—they're transformational. Patients regain their energy, confidence, and quality of life. Where do we go from here? It is time we reframe snoring and poor sleep as early warnings. So, if you, or someone in your family, snores loudly, wakes up choking, or feels excessively tired despite a full night's sleep, don't wait. A simple sleep study could change the trajectory of your health. Bear in mind that sleep is not a luxury, it is the foundation for physical and mental well-being. Let's treat it that way. (Dr. Karthik Madesh Ratnavelu is a senior ENT and head & neck surgeon at SIMS Hospitals, Chennai. karthikmadesh@
Focus Malaysia
6 days ago
- Politics
- Focus Malaysia
So is Terrirudin a Chief Justice candidate or his name never made it into the list at all?
AS law-conscious Malaysians turn to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to uphold judiciary integrity in the appointment of top judges, a constitutions lawyer has offered the media his services free-of-charge amid the classification of the leaked Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) meeting minutes under the Official Secrets Act (OSA) 1972. New Sin Yew who is also a human rights champion made the offer as he took a jibe at Communications Minister Datuk Fahmi Fadzil over the weakened (July 13) for tending to prioritise arresting the source of the leak instead of addressing the content of the30-page JAC minutes which – if true – shows interference with the judiciary, 'To all media friends, I will act for you pro bono if you are investigated,' the senior advocate at AmerBON penned on X in reaction to Fahmi cautioning the media against disseminating the leak documents given the OSA applies if they are found to be authentic and classified as government secret. For context, prior to Fahmi's statement, former Barisan Nasional (BN) strategic communication deputy director Datuk Eric See-To had made a damning claim that 'the PMO (Prime Minister's Office) had plans to make Terri (Tan Sri Ahmad Terrirudin Mohd Salleh) Chief Judge of Malaya since last year'. 'After the post became vacant in February 2024, JAC (had) proposed candidates but PMO rejected all and pushed Terri's name by July (2024) despite him being AG (Attorney-General) for only nine months then and facing heavy protests from the Bar Council and Ramkarpal Singh (DAP Bukit Gelugor MP). Turns out, PMO had plans to make Terri Chief Judge of Malaya since last year. After the post became vacant in Feb 2024, JAC proposed candidates, but PMO rejected all and pushed Terri's name by July -despite him being AG for only 9 months then and facing heavy protests from the… — Eric SeeTo Lim Sian See (@LimSianSeeEric) July 12, 2025 'By November 2024, Terri was appointed Federal Court Judge, just a year after becoming AG. The leaked JAC minutes now show Terri was nominated for Chief Judge in May 2025 against the Chief Justice's advice, citing integrity issues.' Police probe lends legitimacy True enough, just hours later on the same day (July 13), the police launched a probe under the OSA into the purported leak of the JAC meeting minutes. According to Inspector-General of Police Datuk Seri Khalid Ismail, the investigation will focus on how the internal information could have been exposed and revealed on social media. The case is being probed under Section 8 of the OSA which stipulates offences regarding wrongful communication of official secrets. On top of this, the police are also looking into the case under Section 203A of the Penal Code (disclosures of information obtained during performance of one's duties) and Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act (improper use of network facilities). This itself sparked a social media frenzy with Cilisos Media editor-in-chief Iqbal Fatkhi wondering if the action of the authorities – by subjecting the JAC minutes under OSA scrutiny – would only lend further credence and legitimacy to the documents' authenticity. Are they so dumb they don't realize by doing this, they've confirmed its authenticity? — Iqbal (@Iqtodabal) July 14, 2025 'Are they so dumb (till) they don't realise by doing this, they've confirmed its authenticity?' asked Iqbal on X. This was when a witty commenter took the middle path by defending the police for having no choice but to pursue an investigation since a report has been lodged except that 'in this case, ironically, the horse has bolted the barn, hence shutting the barn door now ain't gonna help much'. Fast forward 48 hours later to yesterday (July 15), an anonymous MP who attended Monday's (July 14) closed door meeting between Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim and Pakatan Harapan (PH) MPs had reportedly told the New Straits Times that Terrirudin had never been a candidate for the vacant Chief Justice role nor his name is on the list for the Court of Appeal President or Chief Judge of Malaya posts. If this is indeed true and not a cover-up, does this mean that the leaked 30-page May 2025 JAC minutes is merely a fake document? If such is the case, then why classify the case under OSA in the first place? Well, it seems that there is no ending except controversies of sorts standing (and still brewing) in the way of appointing a new Chief Justice which should by right be a walk in the park if all procedures and protocols are strictly adhered to. – July 16, 2025 Main image credit: Daily Express
Bangkok Post
6 days ago
- Business
- Bangkok Post
Cabinet preps Financial Hub Bill draft
The cabinet is preparing to propose the draft Financial Hub Bill for parliamentary deliberation in the near future. According to Deputy Finance Minister Paopoom Rojanasakul, the Council of State has already completed its review of the draft law. The next step will be to present it to parliament for consideration in its first reading. "This draft law will establish an ecosystem that aligns with the needs of global financial companies," said Mr Paopoom. The proposed Financial Hub Act aims to elevate Thailand into a regional financial centre by overhauling the licensing and regulatory framework under the Financial Hub initiative, making it comprehensive and business-friendly. The draft law is designed to attract investment by streamlining operations and establishing a central agency to set policies that promote Thailand as a financial hub. It also lays out strategies to develop the financial industry ecosystem, including workforce development and infrastructure improvements to meet the demands of leading global financial firms. The draft law will define target businesses within the Financial Hub and establish the Office of the Regulatory and Promotion Committee for the Financial Business Hub as a One-Stop Authority (OSA). It will define qualifications for business operators, licensing procedures, investor incentives and regulatory frameworks that are efficient and aligned with international standards. The draft law approved by the cabinet contains nine chapters and 94 sections, including General Provisions, which specifies the effective date of the Financial Hub Act and relevant definitions. Chapter 1 – Regulatory and Promotion Committee for the Financial Business Hub, which outlines the structure and authority of the committee responsible for comprehensive oversight of the Financial Hub, including setting business guidelines, issuing licences, inspecting operations and revoking licences. Chapter 2 – Office of the Committee, which establishes the OSA to provide one-stop services and facilitate businesses in licensing and receiving incentives. Chapter 3 – The director, who specifies qualifications and the appointment process for the executive managing the Office. Chapter 4 – Licensing of Target Businesses, defining types and scopes of businesses eligible for licences, and the characteristics of legal entities seeking to operate within the Financial Hub. Chapter 5 – Promotion of Incentives, outlining the benefits and incentives available to businesses established under the Financial Hub framework. Chapter 6 – Supervision of Businesses under Promotion, establishing regulatory standards for businesses within the Financial Hub, covering financial institutions, securities firms and insurance businesses, aligned with current regulatory practices. Chapter 7 – Officials, granting officials the authority to inspect the operations of businesses within the hub. Chapters 8 and 9 – Administrative Sanctions and Criminal Penalties, setting forth penalties for non-compliance with the Act's rules and conditions.
The Star
7 days ago
- Politics
- The Star
Asean News Headlines at 10pm on Monday (June 14, 2025)
Malaysia: * Crowd gathers for 'Walk to Safeguard Judicial Independence' / Prominent figures join 'Walk to Safeguard Judicial Independence' * Malaysian Bar's walk aimed at defending judicial integrity, not about politics * Ramkarpal, Muhyiddin call for investigation into claims in leaked JAC minutes * Malaysian Bar hands memo on judicial independence to PMO * Anwar meets Sarawak Premier, Sabah CM to discuss strategic cooperation for inclusive development * King leads palace staff on brisk walk to promote healthy lifestyle * Anwar chairs Chief Ministers' meeting to boost cooperation * Judicial appointments must not be made at one individual's discretion, says Rais * Rafizi and Nik Nazmi absent from Pakatan MPs' meeting with PM / Pakatan MPs arrive at Seri Perdana for meeting with PM * Three nabbed, drugs worth RM3.5mil seized in JB raids * Anwar's position as PM remains strong, says PKR Youth chief * Teens among victims rescued in police raids on scam gang, nine arrested * Rakan KKM not privatisation, says Health Minister * Parliamentary Services Act 2025 gets royal assent, Speaker says * Hospital staff barred from accepting gifts, fees for mortuary services, Health Ministry warns * Ahmad Zahid arrives in New Zealand for five-day working visit / Zahid eyeing fresh momentum in M'sia-NZ ties * Fahmi: Leaked JAC document could have violated OSA * Calls grow to reject Nick Adams as US Ambassador to Malaysia / * Appointment of Nick Adams should be rejected, says Amanah Youth Water Polo - World Aquatics Championships - Men - Group A - Italy v Serbia - OCBC Aquatic Centre, Singapore - July 14, 2025Italy fans react in the stands. -- Photo: REUTERS/Jeremy Lee Singapore: * 18 years' jail for woman who hacked adoptive father to death after tussle over Sengkang flat in Singapore * Singapore boosts support for Timor-Leste as it prepares to join Asean * Jail, caning for Singapore man who had 285 child porn videos showing over 400 children, including infants * Experts call for legal agility to tackle influx of drug-laced vapes in Singapore * Singapore GDP 2Q 2025 growth at 4.3% - MTI advance estimates * Jail for Singapore woman who opened bank accounts that received over US$500mil, including scam proceeds * Local actress Lynn Lim and Singaporean actor Glenn Yong on filming intimate scenes together * A military exercise drawing together 19 nations and 35,000 forces begins in Australia * Bitcoin tops US$120,000 for the first time * S'pore's first home launch since new curbs sells over 90% * Asian markets mostly rise on lingering trade deal optimism * Data centre NTT DC REIT makes tepid debut after Singapore's biggest IPO in 4 years Indonesia: * Indonesia to require e-commerce platforms to collect tax on sellers * Indonesia scales down search for 17 missing after Bali ferry disaster * Jakarta, Singapore stocks rally; currencies muted on tariff jitters * Magnitude 6.7 quake hits offshore eastern Indonesia, no tsunami warning * Indonesian search teams confirm finding ferry wreckage * Indonesia eyes technocrat as top US diplomat after two-year gap * MRT Jakarta to launch tender for US$3bil line * Oracle said to advance Indonesia cloud services plan * 'Updated' history books under fire - govt's plans to issue new history books have sparked fears among people Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet reviews his troop from a vehicle during ceremony to put in used the military building in northern Kampong Chhnang province, Monday, July 14, 2025. -- AKP via AP Thailand: * Penang man and Thai girlfriend nabbed, RM25,000 worth of ganja seized in anti-drug op * Thailand to crack down on sale of cannabis-laced sweets * Thai anti-graft body launches investigation into PM Paetongtarn, says local media and official * Most Thais want Premier to quit or Parliament dissolved: Survey * High-stakes decision looms over next Bank of Thailand governor * Thailand mulls zero duty for more US goods to win tariff deal * Ex-Thai ranger charged for punching Cambodian soldier at Surin border temple Philippines: * Australia hosts the largest-ever military exercise with 19 nations, leading South-East Asia nations also involved * South Korea celebrates the transformative power of 'Squid Game' * Philippine defence chief renounced Maltese citizenship before his appointment, department says * Philippines asserts arbitral win at Beijing forum * Philippine central bank wants daily limits to online gambling payments * Philippines rejoining ICC not in motion, but discussed French President Emmanuel Macron, his wife Brigitte Macron, Indonesia's President Prabowo Subianto, Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and members of the French government attend the annual Bastille Day military parade on the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France, on Monday, July 14, 2025. -- Photo: REUTERS/Abdul Saboor Vietnam: * Sweet Cherry dances her way to silver in Vietnam * Vietnam will ban fossil-fuel motorcycles from central Hanoi over pollution concerns * Ho Chi Minh City ramps up efforts to attract large foreign investments * UK agrees to deal with Vietnam to remove pharmaceutical trade barriers * Oil edges up, investors eye Trump statement on Russia * Google-backed coalition to help scale ocean, rock carbon removals Myanmar: * Asean rises as a strategic fulcrum in changing world order * Father and Grade 11 daughter killed, mother injured in stabbing attack in Myanmar * United Wa State Army orders removal of all checkpoints in Myanmar's Wa region * Over 26kg of heroin seized by cops in Myanmar * Hundreds of civilians from Myanmar cross into Thailand due to ongoing civil war Cambodian troop perform during ceremony to put in used the military building in northern Kampong Chhnang province, Monday, July 14, 2025. -- AKP via AP Cambodia: * Vietnamese brands step up efforts to replace Thai products in Cambodia * Cambodia will start military conscription next year as tensions with Thailand persist * Hun Many warns Thais against using incident as justification for future provocations * Landmine kills Cambodian farmer, eighth fatality this year * Cambodia to implement military conscription in 2026 Laos: * Vientiane to raise tap water prices amid cost surge * 'Las Vegas in Laos': the riverside city awash with crime * No, new parents don't think about climate change Brunei: * Brunei Crown Prince receives outgoing Canadian High Commissioner * Fire breaks out at old restaurant in Telisai * G20's financial watchdog lays out climate plan but presses pause amid divisions Commuters make their way along a road as it rains in Chennai on on Monday (July 14, 2025). -- Photo by BABU / AFP Aseanplus: * KLIA Terminal 1 gets RM30mil facility boost ahead of Asean Summit in October, VM2026 * Court dismisses appeal from ex-AG's special officer in lawsuit against Rewcastle-Brown * Malaysia tightens export controls on US-origin AI chips * KTMB leads digital transformation in public transport with launch of KITS Style SuperApp * Japan's Emperor Emeritus Akihito, 91, hospitalised for new heart treatment * Shila Amzah confirms 'legendary' singer who lashed out at her is Amy Search * Life lessons from the late Chua Lam, renowned food critic, writer and friend * Great Krypton! Over 1,000 'Supermen' soar into Malaysian record books * Pakistani actress Humaira Asghar Ali finally laid to rest days after body found in decomposed state * HK-based Malaysian actress Angie Cheong tearfully reflects on hardship of being a single mum * Suspected militancy: Dhaka concerned about arrest of Bangladeshis, to coordinate with KL * South Korea preparing to order airlines to check fuel switches on Boeing jets * Air India crash probe far from over, says CEO after preliminary report * Iconic South Indian actress Saroja Devi passes away * Amid Air India probe, US FAA, Boeing notify fuel switch locks are safe, document, sources say * Hong Kong court hears appeals by jailed democracy campaigners * Terrorist attacks kill 257 in Pakistan's Balochistan in first six months * Sri Lanka launches national campaign against pyramid schemes * South Korea medical students end 17-month class boycott * What the 'black box' can tell us about plane crashes * China: Xi's campaign against price wars creates a buzz * South Korean actress Kang Seo-ha dies at 31 after cancer battle * Eric Trump to headline Bitcoin Asia 2025 conference in Hong Kong * Heaven sent? India's opposition parties build temples to woo Hindu voters * 'Monster' China mum sells sons for US$11,600 to tip live-streaming hosts, buy clothes * China is buying appliances and iPhones. What happens when the subsidies stop? * Typhoon Nari passing east of Tokyo; over 140 kph gusts expected by evening * Huge weaponry discovered, 58 detained in Afghanistan's Helmand province * France says Australia defence ties repaired after submarine row * Meta faces backlash in South Korea over mysterious account bans * China's 'green great wall' in Inner Mongolia traps three more deserts * Indian state's pause on green hydrogen policy a big surprise * Will speeding up rail line for Northern Metropolis entice Hong Kong developers? * Does Hong Kong loan shark law proposal lack bite needed to tame debt collectors? * Foot-and-mouth disease outbreak reported near Mongolian capital, quarantine in effect until end of July * Soccer-Club World Cup serves as 2026 dry run amid heat and pitch concerns * Golf -- Australian Grace Kim wins maiden Major title at The Amundi Evian Championship in playoff over Thailand's Jeeno Thitikul
