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First Post
03-08-2025
- Science
- First Post
History Today: When USS Nautilus became the first submarine to travel under the North Pole
US nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN‑571), became the first vessel to cross the North Pole fully submerged on August 3, 1958. It was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine. Codenamed Operation Sunshine, the mission aimed to test the feasibility of navigating beneath the polar ice cap read more the USS Nautilus became the first submarine to travel beneath the North Pole. Wikimedia Commons It was on August 3, 1958, that the US nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN‑571), became the first vessel in history to cross the geographic North Pole entirely submerged. Operated by the United States Navy, the Nautilus was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine, and its journey under the Arctic ice proved both its endurance and strategic potential. If you are a history geek who loves to learn about important events from the past, Firstpost Explainers' ongoing series, History Today, will be your one-stop destination to explore key events. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD On this day in 1492, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain's Palos de la Frontera on a voyage that would change the course of world history. Here is all that happened on this day. Nautilus submarine travels under the North Pole On this day in 1958, the USS Nautilus became the first submarine to travel beneath the North Pole. Operated by the United States Navy, the Nautilus was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine, and its journey under the Arctic ice proved both its endurance and strategic potential. Codenamed Operation Sunshine, the mission aimed to test the feasibility of navigating beneath the polar ice cap, something no vessel had ever attempted before. Departing from Pearl Harbour in July 1958, Nautilus and her crew travelled submerged for nearly 1,400 miles under the Arctic Ocean, completely hidden beneath the thick ice sheet above. The USS Nautilus permanently docked at the US Submarine Force Museum and Library, Groton. Wikimedia Commons On August 3, at 11:15 pm Eastern Daylight Time, the submarine passed directly under the geographic North Pole, transmitting the message, 'Nautilus 90 North'. It was a powerful symbolic and strategic message to the world, especially during the intense geopolitical rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union. The success of the mission demonstrated that nuclear-powered submarines could travel silently and indefinitely underwater, without the need to surface or refuel. This had vast implications for global naval strategy, especially in a potential nuclear age. Columbus set sail from Spain On this day in 1492, Christopher Columbus embarked on his momentous first transatlantic voyage, setting sail from Spain's Palos de la Frontera. His expedition, which was financed by the Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, had a clear objective - to find a westward sea route to Asia, specifically the lucrative spice islands of the East Indies. Commanding three ships namely the Niña, the Pinta, and the flagship Santa María, Columbus and his crew of about 90 men embarked on what was considered a bold and risky journey across the Atlantic Ocean. Most European navigators at the time believed the westward route to Asia was either impossible or far longer than Columbus estimated. He, however, believed that Asia could be reached quickly by sailing west, not realising that the Americas lay between Europe and his destination. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD A painting of Spanish explorer Christoper Columbus setting off on his first voyage. Wikimedia Commons For weeks, the fleet sailed into uncharted waters. Morale waned, and at times the crew feared they would never see land again. But Columbus pressed on, driven by ambition and a strong belief in his calculations. Though he never reached Asia, on October 12, 1492, Columbus and his crew landed on what is now known as the Bahamas, marking the first known European contact with the Caribbean islands. Believing he had reached the outskirts of the East Indies, he referred to the indigenous people as 'Indians.' The voyage of Columbus would lead to more expeditions and ultimately usher in centuries of European exploration and colonisation of the Americas. This Day, That Year The Republic of Niger gained its independence from France on this day in 1960. In 1949, the National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed. Lithuania was 'accepted' into the USSR following the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states in 1940.
Time of India
31-05-2025
- Business
- Time of India
Shopping Para Gariahat
1 2 3 4 The Gariahat neighbourhood, a microcosm of the city's history, commerce, culture and daily life, has evolved with the onslaught of times but its lively and dynamic environment characterized by shopping on pavements as well as din and bustle has not changed over the last several decades. With the cacophony of street vendors in the backdrop, Gariahat, pulsating with commerce and culture, encapsulates daily rhythms of life. The area, spread over Ballygunge, Golpark and Rashbehari, evolved over the years with high-rises, malls, restaurants, cafes and branded retail outlets. The 9.3km Gariahat Road serves as a lifeline of south Kolkata, cutting through localities like Ballygunge, Dhakuria and Jodhpur Park. ORIGIN The area, including Gariahat and Ballygunge, was once part of Dihi Panchannagram, a cluster of villages purchased by the East India Company in 1758 after the fall of the then Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah. The major part of Gariahat neighbourhood falls in Ballygunge and after the opening of the suburban railway connectivity in 1862, middle class educated people settled in this locality. In the 19th century, the Gariahat market was set up as a small market and has since grown into one of the biggest markets on the southern fringes of the city. Famous personalities like poet Jibanananda Das, writer Sunil Gangopadhyay, politician Subrata Mukherjee, yesteryear actors Suchitra Sen, Bikash Roy and Pahari Sanyal were associated with this place. BIG COMMERCIAL HUB Being a shopping district, Gariahat presents a kaleidoscopic view of the city's dynamism. The pavements of the area serve as shoppers' paradise, from garments, saris, handicraft items to other household items. Over 3,000 hawkers or street vendors run their stalls on both sides of the road at the market visited by thousands of shoppers daily. During the festive times like Durga Puja or Poila Baisakh, the customers' turnout swells nearly three times. The fish market at Gariahat is known for its wide variety. The Dakshinapan Shopping Centre situated on Gariahat Road near Dhakuria was set up by Kolkata Improvement Trust in 1988 with 141 shops selling mostly garments and handicrafts. In the past one decade, several malls sprang up in this prominent shopping district of the city. Septuagenarian Rekha Lodha, who has been living in the Gariahat area for over four decades, said, "From my younger days I preferred buying sarees from Gariahat, a place where a woman can shop till she drops. Whenever guests come to stay in my house, they don't give a miss to shopping in Gariahat, which is so popular among the residents of other states as well." The road heading towards Ballygunge station from Gariahat crossing has turned into a jewellery hub with branded showrooms and standalone shops on the lines of central Kolkata's Bowbazar. TRANSFORMATION The first makeover of Gariahat came with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation's Operation Sunshine, a drive to evict illegal hawkers to free up pavements and carriageways. Earlier, the encroachments spilled on to median dividers and pavements, narrowing down the space for pedestrian and vehicular movement. The second transformation came in 2002 with the construction of a 571-metre Gariahat flyover that changed the appearance of the area. Also it resulted in the abolition of a cobweb of tram tracks near the crossing. The Gariahat tram depot that was set up in 1943 used to operate services on different routes like Dalhousie Square, Bidhannagar, Howrah, Kalighat, Behala, Joka and Galiff Street. Today the 25 no. route tram service between Gariahat and Esplanade is operational, although the number of cars has dipped over the years. Manju Baid (68), a resident of Purna Das Road near Gariahat market, said, "I have a soft corner for tramways in this area as it is the most convenient and easily available transport. I still avail myself of the Gariahat-Esplanade service to go to Park Circus or Chandni market." REALTY DEVELOPMENT The skyline of Gariahat started changing in the 1980s with the development of residential projects Rajwadi Complex. Over the past two decades several high-rises like Megh Malhar Apartment and Nilanjan Apartment came up there while various real estate developers, including PS Group, Mani Group and Orbit Group built projects in Ekdalia and other localities of Gariahat. Several old buildings at Ekdalia, Dover Lane, Mandeville Gardens, Hindustan Park and Triangular Park localities have been razed, making way for new apartments. Despite booming realty, many century-old private properties are still well-maintained there, thereby presenting a slice of old south Kolkata. Sunita Mussadi, a Ballygunge Circular Road resident, said, "While the charms of old Kolkata are getting wiped out in many parts of the city, Gariahat still presents a fusion of the old and the new. Here you can find century-old buildings as well as new high-rises; old shops as well as new swanky stores. This area contains a unique blend of tradition and evolution." SOCIAL LIFE For south Kolkatans, Gariahat has been a prominent attraction for addas and socializing since the time when roadside tea stalls and small eateries were the only hangout zone. Of late, several snazzy cafes and restaurants have come up there and the adda zone of the locality remains intact even among tech-savvy youngsters. Along with old-timers, the area has a significant footfall of youngsters studying in different educational institutions like Basanti Devi College, South Point High School and The BSS School. Anjan Chatterjee, chairman and managing director of Speciality Restaurant Ltd, said, "I may live in Mumbai and visit London frequently but my bond with Gariahat remains as strong as ever in the past five decades. Gariahat was a meeting point for our local friends and we still maintain this. I have lived in Jadavpur, then Dover Lane followed by Gurusaday Road. Even today when I go to Kolkata, I catch up with my friends in the Gariahat area. " Debasish Kumar, Trinamool Congress MLA and KMC councillor, said, "The Gariahat area always evokes nostalgia in me. There was a time when we used to have addas at local tea stalls and would share one 'bhand' tea with friends because of less pocket money. Now time has changed and addas at tea stall have moved to swanky coffee shops." FOOD, CULTURE & GAME Apart from shopping melange, the locality is also known for its cultural mosaic. The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Golpark, set up in 1961 — the most popular place in the city for learning foreign languages — has brought the area under a cultural enclave. Gariahat caters to gastronomic cravings of foodies in the city. From street stalls selling 'phuchkas' and 'kathi rolls' to restaurants preparing different cuisines, this area serves everyone's palate. The space under Gariahat flyover hosts an open air public chess playing arena. In the evening, people assemble at the chess corner and play the game. Abhijit Sadhu, a resident of Triangular Park, said, "Watching the game and having addas with friends over tea in 'bhand' (earthen pot) under the flyover in the evening has been my weekend schedule for over the last 20 years."
