Latest news with #PPMS
Health Line
3 days ago
- Health
- Health Line
Primary Progressive MS: Myths vs. Facts
Misconceptions about primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) are common, especially since the condition can look different for everyone. Knowing what's true (and what's not) can help you feel more informed and empowered. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is a complex condition that looks different from person to person. Symptoms, experiences, and rates of progression can vary widely. Because PPMS isn't as well-known as other types of multiple sclerosis (MS), myths and misconceptions often fill the gaps. That can make it harder to find trustworthy answers when you're trying to learn more about the condition. Here, we break down some of the most common myths about PPMS and share the facts behind them. Myth#1: There will never be a cure for PPMS Fact: While there's no cure yet, treatment options are expanding, and research is ongoing. In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) as the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for PPMS. In 2024, a new formulation called ocrelizumab and hyaluronidase-ocsq (Ocrevus Zunovo), a subcutaneous injection administered twice a year, was approved. This new injection offers a quicker, approximately 10-minute administration alternative to the traditional intravenous infusion. Ocrevus and Ocrevus Zunovo are currently the only FDA-approved DMTs for PPMS. However, researchers are actively exploring new therapies. For instance, tolebrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, is undergoing phase 3 trials to assess its potential in slowing PPMS progression. Additionally, scientists are investigating treatments aimed at repairing myelin, the protective sheath around nerves damaged in MS. One such study involves combining metformin, a common diabetes medication, with clemastine, an antihistamine, to promote myelin repair. Myelin repair is important because it may help restore nerve function and slow disease progression. Although a cure for PPMS has yet to be found, these developments reflect a growing commitment to improving treatment options and outcomes. Myth: PPMS primarily occurs in females Fact: PPMS affects people of all sexes at the same rate. While relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is more common in people assigned female at birth (AFAB), affecting them two to three times more often than those assigned male at birth (AMAB), PPMS affects AFABs and AMABs in roughly equal numbers. It's important not to assume the type of MS based solely on sex. Regardless of gender, if you experience symptoms suggestive of MS, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. Myth: PPMS is an older person's disease Fact: PPMS typically begins in mid-adulthood, not old age. While PPMS tends to have a later onset than other forms of MS, it doesn't primarily affect older adults. On average, people with PPMS start experiencing symptoms around the age of 40. Myth: A PPMS diagnosis means you'll be disabled Fact: Disability progression in PPMS varies widely, and many people maintain mobility and independence for years. PPMS can lead to physical disability, but how quickly or whether it develops looks different for everyone. Some people notice gradual changes, while others may stay stable for long stretches of time. Not everyone will need mobility aids like canes or wheelchairs, especially early on. A 2022 study found that about 10% of people with MS experience severe disability within 5 years of diagnosis. That number rises to 25% within 10 years and then increases to 50% after 18 years. Still, this doesn't mean you should expect disability after receiving a PPMS diagnosis. The location of lesions, your overall health, and how early you begin treatment can all play a role in how the condition progresses. Working with your doctor on a treatment plan that includes physical or occupational therapy and regular movement can help you stay active and independent for longer. Myth: Having PPMS means you have to quit your job Fact: Many people with PPMS continue working, sometimes with a few adjustments. A PPMS diagnosis doesn't automatically mean you need to stop working. While symptoms like fatigue, changes in memory or thinking, or mobility issues can make certain jobs more challenging, many people with PPMS continue in full- or part-time work, especially in the early stages. Everyone's experience with PPMS is different, so your ability to work will depend on your specific symptoms and the demands of your job. If you're facing obstacles, workplace accommodations, like flexible hours, assistive devices, or ergonomic adjustments, may help you stay on the job. A conversation with your doctor or a vocational (work) counselor who understands chronic conditions can also help you explore options that support your health and independence. Myth: No medications help PPMS, so you should investigate natural remedies Fact: There are FDA-approved medications that can help slow the progression of PPMS, including ocrelizumab. While some natural remedies might offer symptom relief, they aren't always safe or proven to be effective. For years, there were no FDA-approved treatments for PPMS. That changed in 2017 when Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) became the first medication approved specifically for PPMS. In a study of 732 people with PPMS, those who received Ocrevus experienced a slower rate of disability progression compared to those who received a placebo. It remains the only approved disease-modifying therapy for this form of MS. Doctors may also prescribe medications to manage specific symptoms, such as antidepressants for mood changes or muscle relaxants for spasms. Some people turn to natural remedies like herbal supplements, acupuncture, or cannabis. Research into these options is ongoing, but so far, there's no strong evidence that they're safe or effective for treating MS symptoms. Some supplements can even interact with prescription drugs. If you're considering natural treatments, talk with your doctor first to avoid potential side effects or interactions. Myth: PPMS is ultimately an isolating disease — no one will understand what you're going through Fact: You're not alone, and you don't have to go through it alone either. While PPMS can feel isolating at times, many others are navigating similar challenges. It's estimated that nearly 1 million people in the United States are living with MS, and about 10% to 15% of them have PPMS. Thanks to growing awareness and advocacy, there are now more resources and support networks than ever. Support groups, both in-person and online, offer a space to connect with others who understand what you're going through. If group support isn't for you, that's OK too. Talking with a trusted friend, loved one, or therapist can still help ease feelings of isolation and improve emotional well-being. What matters most is finding a form of support that feels right for you. Myth: PPMS is deadly Fact: PPMS is a lifelong condition, but it's rarely fatal. The progressive nature of PPMS and the fact that there's no cure can understandably lead to fears about long-term outcomes. But while PPMS can affect mobility, thinking, and daily functioning, it's not considered a life threatening illness. Most people with MS who don't have severe disabilities can expect to live another 30 to 35 years after diagnosis. Recent research has shown that even after significant disease progression, many people continue to live for years. For example, after someone loses the ability to walk independently, on average, at around age 51, life expectancy is about 13 more years. Advances in treatment, early intervention, and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms, reduce complications, and support overall health. Taking care of your physical and emotional well-being through exercise, a balanced diet, regular checkups, and support can make a big difference in quality of life. It's important to note that with ongoing advances in treatment, the outlook for people with PPMS continues to improve. Current data on disability and life expectancy may not reflect what's possible in the future. Takeaway Misconceptions about primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) can add confusion and fear to an already complex condition. However, the reality is that PPMS doesn't always follow the path people expect. From treatment options to life expectancy, the facts paint a more hopeful and nuanced picture. While every experience with PPMS is different, understanding the reality behind the myths can help you make informed choices, find support, and feel more in control of your journey.
Health Line
21-05-2025
- Health
- Health Line
Wearable Devices for Primary Progressive MS
Wearable devices such as fitness trackers and smartwatches can help people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis manage symptoms, track their activity, and improve their overall health. A diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) can bring on a lot of uncertainty. This chronic (long-term) condition occurs when your immune system attacks the nerves in your brain and spinal cord, making them work less well over time. It's not clear why this condition develops. When living with PPMS, you may experience fatigue, vision changes, and weakness that can worsen over time. But each person with PPMS experiences it differently. In some, the condition gets worse quickly, and in others it progresses more slowly. Some people who have MS can remain active and mobile for years, while others may experience a significant decrease in mobility within the first few months after diagnosis. Research has found that exercise can help manage many MS symptoms and might also help improve cognitive function (thinking ability and memory). Wearable devices are a growing part of the fitness market. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), an estimated 534.6 million wearables were shipped globally in 2024 — almost 28 times the number shipped in 2014. This number is expected to grow even more by 2028, showing that wearables have become a regular part of daily life for many people. This rapid growth in the use of wearables isn't just about fitness tracking or smartwatches. People are also using wearables to monitor their heart rate, blood pressure, and sleep quality. And wearables are changing the way people living with MS can monitor their symptoms and mobility. What are wearable devices? Wearable devices are portable gadgets that allow you to track, manage, and understand your overall health. Most wearable devices sync with mobile apps or websites to track and record statistics and habits. They can monitor everything from the number of steps you take to your sleep patterns to how many calories you eat. Here are some examples of the available types of wearable devices and what they do: Fitness trackers: monitor steps, activity levels, sleep quality, and heart rate Smartwatches: combine health tracking with features such as notifications, calls, and GPS Smart rings: offer discreet tracking of sleep, heart rate, and readiness levels Wearable ECG monitors: can detect irregular heart rhythms and share results with your doctor Smart clothing or patches: track muscle activity, hydration, posture, and body temperature Wearable glucose monitors: track blood sugar levels in real time (often as part of diabetes management) Can wearable devices really help people with MS? While physical activity and mobility are important for everyone, they're especially important when you have MS. But staying active can be challenging because fatigue and loss of mobility are two of the most common symptoms of MS. People with MS might assume they're getting more or less exercise than they actually are. That's where wearables come in. These devices can help people with and without MS more accurately monitor their fitness levels. One of the advantages of wearable devices is their ability to track health goals 24/7. These devices go beyond what doctors and rehabilitation specialists see when people are in their offices for appointments. People with PPMS can share their health statistics and measures from wearable devices with their doctors, and this data may prove helpful to researchers. Some newer devices can also detect when someone has taken a hard fall. Depending on the situation, if the person doesn't get up shortly afterward, the device may notify family or emergency responders. How do I choose a wearable device? Deciding which wearable to buy is a matter of personal preference, needs, and lifestyle. But that doesn't make the decision any easier! Most are worn around your wrist, but newer options include rings, patches, and even smart clothing. Apple, Fitbit, Garmin, Samsung, and Xiaomi are considered the most successful fitness tracker and smartwatch brands. Wearable devices from these brands are known for their wide range of features and health monitoring capabilities. With so many options available, it's crucial to think about what you need from a device before choosing one. Consider your goals, preferences, and budget. You can ask yourself the following questions to find the right fit and style for you: What do you want to track? Do you want to know your daily steps, or do you want to monitor your sleep, heart rate, or stress levels? Do you prefer automatic or manual syncing? Some devices sync automatically with your smartphone or cloud accounts, while others call for manual syncing. If you're not tech-savvy, automatic syncing may be better. Do you want to be part of a community? Some trackers come with built-in social features or access to online communities for challenges and motivation. How much are you willing to spend? Costs can vary depending on accuracy, features, battery life, and brand reputation. Try to choose one that fits your preferences and your budget. Will your health insurance cover part or all of the cost or offer any discounts for using a wearable? Some insurance plans or employers may help pay for a wearable or give rewards for using one. How important are style and comfort? You'll likely be wearing the device every day, so make sure it fits well and matches your style preferences. Do you want medical-grade or casual health data? Some wearables have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for measuring heart rhythm and oxygen levels, while other devices focus more on general health. Is it compatible with your smartphone or apps? Check to make sure the device works with the operating system you use (e.g., iOS, Android, or another platform). Answering these questions can help make the decision a little easier. 'Consumer devices can measure number of steps, distance walked, and sleep quality on a continuous basis in a person's home environment. These data could provide potentially important information to supplement office visit exams.' —Richard Rudick, MD
Yahoo
30-04-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Immunic Announces Vidofludimus Calcium Reduced Risk of Disability Worsening by 30% in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients from Phase 2 CALLIPER Trial
– Reduced Relative Risk of 24-Week Confirmed Disability Worsening Events by 20% in Overall Study Population Compared to Placebo; Even More Prominent 30% Reduction in High Unmet Need Population of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis – – Showed Consistent Reduction of Disability Worsening in Subpopulations Without Inflammatory Lesions at Baseline in Overall Study Population; Reduced Relative Risk of 24-Week Confirmed Disability Worsening Events in Patients Without Gadolinium-Enhancing Lesions at Baseline by 29% Compared to Placebo – – Reduced Annualized Rate of Thalamic Brain Volume Loss by 20% Compared to Placebo – – Confirmed Favorable Safety and Tolerability Observed in Previous Clinical Trials; No New Safety Signals Identified – – Webcast to be Held Today, April 30, at 8:00 am ET – NEW YORK, April 30, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Immunic, Inc. (Nasdaq: IMUX), a biotechnology company developing a clinical pipeline of orally administered, small molecule therapies for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, today announced positive data from its phase 2 CALLIPER trial of nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) activator, vidofludimus calcium (IMU-838), in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). Clinical Endpoints In the overall PMS patient population (n=467), vidofludimus calcium reduced the relative risk of 24-week confirmed disability worsening (24wCDW) events based on changes in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) by 20% compared to placebo. Further analyses by disease subtype demonstrated that vidofludimus calcium was associated with a 30% reduction in the relative risk of 24wCDW events in the primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) study population (n=152) compared to placebo and a respective 15% reduction in the non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (naSPMS) study population (n=268). Reduction of confirmed disability worsening is widely considered to be the most recognized regulatory approval endpoint for registrational studies in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Immunic believes that these reductions in 24wCDW events are remarkable in light of the overwhelming non-activity of the CALLIPER population. In support, the evidence of focal inflammatory disease (gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline in 6.8% of naSPMS and 17.8% of PPMS patients) and the number of on-study relapses (5.8% in the overall patient population) are lower than in most historical PMS trials. A consistent reduction of disability worsening was observed in the different subpopulations with or without inflammatory gadolinium-enhanced lesion activity at baseline and during the study. Vidofludimus calcium reduced the relative risk of 24wCDW events in patients without gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline by 29% compared to placebo. In historical studies, such patients were largely shown to not benefit from current anti-inflammatory therapies. Immunic believes the substantial effect in these patients, therefore, underlines the previously observed neuroprotective effect of Nurr1 activation by vidofludimus calcium. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Endpoints While vidofludimus calcium had a modest benefit on the exploratory primary MRI endpoint (annualized rate of percent brain volume change: 5% improvement compared to placebo), vidofludimus calcium substantially reduced the annualized rate of thalamic brain volume loss by 20% in patients with PMS compared to placebo. Change in thalamic volume is considered a more sensitive MRI atrophy marker. Thalamic atrophy is prevalent in PMS and data has shown strong associations with clinical disability progression. The total volume of new or enlarging T2 lesions showed a substantial difference between vidofludimus calcium and placebo over time, with vidofludimus calcium decreasing and placebo increasing (mean percent change, 3.19% benefit for vidofludimus calcium (-0.22%) over placebo (+2.97%) at month 24). "The tremendous reduction of confirmed disability worsening in PMS patients is a wonderful confirmation of the objectives of this exploratory phase 2 trial. CALLIPER was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of vidofludimus calcium in a broad set of PMS patients to determine the suitability of advancing to a confirmatory phase 3 program," said Daniel Vitt, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Immunic. "We are particularly thrilled to see such a clinically meaningful effect in the PPMS population, with a 30% reduction in the relative risk of 24-week confirmed disability worsening events, which would be the endpoint of a future phase 3 registration study, outperforming historic trials in PPMS regarding numerical reduction of disability progression events. We believe that vidofludimus calcium may represent a novel and exciting approach for people living with PMS, where there continues to be a huge unmet medical need given only one approved therapy. We look forward to discussing these results with healthcare authorities to determine appropriate next steps for vidofludimus calcium in PMS." "The most significant unmet need in MS continues to be the lack of safe and effective therapies that can slow or halt disease progression, especially in PPMS and non-active SPMS. Vidofludimus calcium is the only medicine in development for MS that has been shown to be a potent activator of Nurr1, which plays a key role in neuroprotection. With this unique mode of action, vidofludimus calcium could become the first real neuroprotective treatment option for patients with progressive forms of MS," added Andreas Muehler, M.D., M.B.A., Chief Medical Officer of Immunic. "In particular, the 29% reduction of 24-week confirmed disability worsening events for vidofludimus calcium over placebo in the 391 patients without gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline underlines the drug's breakthrough potential in addressing the high unmet need of slowing neurodegeneration in MS patients. We believe today's exciting results of the phase 2 CALLIPER trial further validate vidofludimus calcium's scientific rationale, specifically driven by the impressive numerical benefit in reducing disability worsening, which deserves to be further tested in a phase 3 registration trial. Since almost all disability events in a non-active PMS population are known to be progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), we believe the CALLIPER results also corroborate the benefit on disability progression expected for people suffering from relapsing forms of MS, allowing for a beneficial read-through to our ongoing phase 3 ENSURE trials." Safety and Tolerability The top-line CALLIPER data set confirmed the favorable safety and tolerability profile of vidofludimus calcium already observed in previous clinical trials. No new safety signals were identified. The occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events showed a similar frequency between both treatment arms. The rate of treatment-emergent adverse events was 69.4% of vidofludimus calcium-treated patients compared with 68.5% of patients on placebo. Likewise, serious adverse events were rare and only observed in 8.1% of vidofludimus calcium-treated patients, and in 6.5% of patients on placebo. Additionally, no Hy's law range cases regarding elevations of liver enzymes were observed during the study. About CALLIPER CALLIPER is an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory phase 2 trial which enrolled 467 patients at more than 70 sites throughout North America as well as Western, Central and Eastern Europe. Patients, aged 18 to 65 years and without limitation on disease duration, were randomized to either 45 mg daily doses of vidofludimus calcium or placebo and treated for up to 120 weeks. CALLIPER enrolled mainly patients with PPMS (n=152/467) and naSPMS (n=268/467). All patients showed no evidence of relapse in the last 24 months before randomization. For more information, please visit: NCT05054140. Analysis of the full CALLIPER data set is ongoing and will be presented at upcoming scientific meetings. The company's phase 3 clinical trial program of vidofludimus calcium in relapsing multiple sclerosis is ongoing and expected to be completed in 2026. Webcast InformationImmunic will host a webcast today at 8:00 am ET to discuss these results. To participate in the webcast, please register in advance at: or on the "Events and Presentations" section of Immunic's website at: Registrants will receive a confirmation email containing a link for online participation or a telephone number for dial in access. An archived replay of the webcast will be available approximately one hour after completion on Immunic's website at: About Progressive Multiple SclerosisWhile multiple sclerosis (MS) in general is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated demyelination that affects the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve, the progressive phase of the disease seems to be dominated by significant neurodegenerative mechanisms. Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a clinical form of MS characterized by gradual accrual of disability independent of relapses over time. PMS includes both primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). PPMS is characterized by steadily worsening neurologic function from the onset of symptoms without initial relapse or remissions. SPMS is identified following an initial relapsing-remitting course, after which the disease becomes more steadily progressive, with (active SPMS) or without (non-active SPMS) MRI lesions and/or relapses present. About Vidofludimus Calcium (IMU-838)Vidofludimus calcium is an orally administered investigational small molecule drug being developed for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, currently in late-stage clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS). Uniquely, vidofludimus calcium's first-in-class, dual mode of action combines neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects to target the complex pathophysiology of MS. As a selective immune modulator, it activates the neuroprotective transcription factor, nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1), which provides direct and indirect neuroprotective effects. Additionally, vidofludimus calcium achieves anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects through highly selective inhibition of the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Vidofludimus calcium is currently being evaluated in phase 3 and phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of relapsing and progressive MS, respectively. In a phase 2 clinical trial, it has shown therapeutic activity in patients suffering from relapsing-remitting MS, significantly reducing MRI lesions and demonstrating encouraging results in reducing confirmed disability worsening. Additionally, vidofludimus calcium has demonstrated clinical benefits in progressive MS patients by showing substantial reductions in the relative risks of 24-week confirmed disability progression events and in thalamic brain volume in a phase 2 clinical trial. To date, vidofludimus calcium has been exposed to approximately 2,700 individuals and has shown an attractive pharmacokinetic, safety and tolerability profile. Vidofludimus calcium is not yet licensed or approved in any country. About Immunic, Inc. (Nasdaq: IMUX) is a biotechnology company developing a clinical pipeline of orally administered, small molecule therapies for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The company's lead development program, vidofludimus calcium (IMU-838), is currently in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis, which are expected to be completed in 2026. It has already shown therapeutic activity in phase 2 clinical trials in patients suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis. Vidofludimus calcium combines neuroprotective effects, through its mechanism as a first-in-class nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) activator, with additional anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects, by selectively inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). IMU-856, which targets the protein Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), is intended to restore intestinal barrier function and regenerate bowel epithelium, which could potentially be applicable in numerous gastrointestinal diseases, such as celiac disease as well as inflammatory bowel disease, Graft-versus-Host-Disease and weight management. IMU-381, which currently is in preclinical testing, is a next generation molecule being developed to specifically address the needs of gastrointestinal diseases. For further information, please visit: Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains "forward-looking statements" that involve substantial risks and uncertainties for purposes of the safe harbor provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release regarding strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected expenses, sufficiency of cash and cash runway, expected timing, development and results of clinical trials, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. Examples of such statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to Immunic's development programs and the targeted diseases; the potential for vidofludimus calcium to safely and effectively target diseases; preclinical and clinical data for vidofludimus calcium; the feasibility of advancing vidofludimus calcium to a confirmatory phase 3 clinical trial in progressive multiple sclerosis; the timing of current and future clinical trials and anticipated clinical milestones; the nature, strategy and focus of the company and further updates with respect thereto; and the development and commercial potential of any product candidates of the company. Immunic may not actually achieve the plans, carry out the intentions or meet the expectations or projections disclosed in the forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on management's current expectations and involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results and performance could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including, without limitation, increasing inflation, tariffs and macroeconomics trends, impacts of the Ukraine – Russia conflict and the conflict in the Middle East on planned and ongoing clinical trials, risks and uncertainties associated with the ability to project future cash utilization and reserves needed for contingent future liabilities and business operations, the availability of sufficient financial and other resources to meet business objectives and operational requirements, the fact that the results of earlier preclinical studies and clinical trials may not be predictive of future clinical trial results, any changes to the size of the target markets for the Company's products or product candidates, the protection and market exclusivity provided by Immunic's intellectual property, risks related to the drug development and the regulatory approval process and the impact of competitive products and technological changes. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in the section captioned "Risk Factors," in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, and in the company's subsequent filings with the SEC. Copies of these filings are available online at or Any forward-looking statement made in this release speaks only as of the date of this release. Immunic disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made. Immunic expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any or all of the contents of this press release. Contact Information Immunic, BreuVice President Investor Relations and Communications+49 89 2080 477 US IR ContactRx Communications GroupPaula Schwartz+1 917 633 7790immunic@ US Media ContactKCSA Strategic CommunicationsCaitlin Kasunich+1 212 896 1241ckasunich@ View original content to download multimedia: SOURCE Immunic, Inc. Sign in to access your portfolio
