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Hindustan Times
30-07-2025
- Health
- Hindustan Times
The Two Pillars of Diabetes Monitoring: HbA1c and SMBG
India may be encountering a silent epidemic of diabetes. Regular monitoring of blood sugar may no longer be just medical advice but a daily support tool for many individuals. Did you know that there are about 10 crore diabetics and another 13 crore with prediabetes? ¹ HbA1c and SMBG - The images shown are for illustration purposes only Many individuals may be unsure about how to best monitor their diabetes day-to-day. For everyday monitoring, home glucometers could be the go-to choice. The HbA1c test, on the other hand, is typically a lab-based assessment that reflects average blood sugar levels over the past few months and is not meant for daily tracking. However, it is not a matter of one versus the other. Both HbA1c and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) may play unique, complementary roles in diabetes management. Understanding their differences—and when to apply each technique in consultation with a healthcare provider—could help avoid harm and support more informed control. What Is HbA1c? The HbA1c test, or glycated haemoglobin test, may help assess the average blood glucose concentration over the last 3 months. Commonly referenced clinical thresholds, such as those from the WHO and RSSDI, include: <5.7% – may indicate levels within the normal range – may indicate levels within the normal range 5.7% to 6.4% – could suggest prediabetes – could suggest prediabetes ≥6.5% – may be associated with diabetes; however, diagnosis should always be confirmed by a qualified healthcare provider Since it reflects blood sugar trends over time, HbA1c is often considered a useful 'big picture' measure. It may give patients and clinicians alike an impression of how well blood sugar has been controlled over weeks and months, independent of any one day's measurement.² What Is SMBG? Typical testing times may include (please consult your healthcare provider to personalise these targets): Fasting blood sugar first thing in the morning (<100 mg/dL) Before and after meals (80 to 130 mg/dL; < 180 mg/dL) At bedtime During episodes of feeling unwell, dizzy, hungry, or irritable (Check for < 70 mg/dL, which indicates hypoglycaemia requiring prompt treatment) Before and after exercising (126-180mg/dl; note that if the reading is lower than 90 mg/dL, it could mean that the blood sugar is too low to exercise safely. Have a snack or glucose products prior to workouts. Avoid dropping below 70 mg/dL) Fasting during festivals (maintain fasting or before meal targets, with more frequent checks to ensure safety) Night time (or 3am) to check for overnight glucose levels (aim for safe levels consistent with fasting/post-meal targets to catch any hypoglycaemia) During illness, travel, or changes in medication (Continue with fasting and post-meal targets and test more frequently, especially before bed and overnight) ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁷ ⁹ ¹⁰ Unlike HbA1c, which provides a broad average, SMBG may offer context-specific feedback. It could help patients identify blood sugar highs or lows and, in consultation with their healthcare provider, consider timely steps to stay within target ranges. Why Both HbA1c and SMBG Could Be Essential While both methods monitor blood glucose, they serve different purposes: Different purposes of HbA1c and SMBG Dependence on HbA1c alone may overlook daily blood sugar spikes and dips that could cause symptoms or contribute to organ stress over time. Conversely, using SMBG alone without long-term monitoring might risk missing persistent patterns, such as chronically elevated or low glucose levels, which may also have serious health implications. It is advisable to discuss the right balance of both with a healthcare provider. Health professionals may view HbA1c as a long-term forecast that indicates general glycemic control, whereas SMBG could be comparable to measuring ongoing daily glucose fluctuations. These insights may help inform meal choices, insulin dosage adjustments, exercise routines, and stress management, typically in consultation with a healthcare provider as part of overall diabetes care. Managing blood sugar could also be compared to a cricket over. Say a batsman scores 12 runs in 6 balls. That total score is like your HbA1c. It tells you how things went overall, but it doesn't reveal how those runs were made. That's where SMBG may come in. It's like a breakdown of the over—for example, 2 + 4 + 0 + 6 + W + 0. You might be able to spot exactly when the batter hit a six or got out. In the context of diabetes, that could mean identifying when your sugar spiked, dropped, or stayed steady, and responding accordingly with guidance from your healthcare provider. So, HbA1c offers the summary, while SMBG might support daily decision-making around meals, insulin, physical activity, or stress. Together, they may help individuals and their HCPs stay more informed and proactive in managing diabetes. When Should You Use Each Method?11 SMBG and HbA1c - which method to use and when Addressing Common Concerns About SMBG Adoption of SMBG in India may be limited due to beliefs that blood checks are painful or that they are necessary only for individuals on insulin therapy. Some people may also assume that feeling 'fine' equates to blood sugar being in control. However, with the latest technology in glucometers, testing is now typically quick and may feel nearly painless, often requiring just a single drop of blood. Many of today's devices may easily connect to smartphones, making it easier for users to monitor trends, receive reminders, and readily share results with healthcare professionals.⁶ Establishing a Balanced Monitoring Routine For most people with Type 2 diabetes, doctors may recommend: Testing fasting and post-lunch blood sugar 2–3 times per week if on oral medication Testing 2–4 times daily if on insulin therapy Testing 1-2 years for those managing diabetes through lifestyle changes or in prediabetes ⁷ ⁸ Even limited SMBG testing may help identify patterns and support treatment decisions that HbA1c alone might not fully capture. Always consult your healthcare provider to personalise a monitoring plan. Complementary Tools for Effective Diabetes Control HbA1c and SMBG have different but complementary roles and may be most effective when used together for better management of diabetes. HbA1c may inform long-term decisions regarding treatment, whereas SMBG could enable individuals to respond to daily variations related to meals, exercise, or stress. Using both approaches may offer patients, caregivers, and physicians a better view of blood glucose control, which could support efforts to reduce the risk of complications. It may be helpful if the attention shifts away from deciding between either tests, and towards realising when and how frequently to apply both within an individualised strategy to diabetes management, ideally guided by a healthcare provider. References: Note to the Reader: This article has been created by HT Brand Studio on behalf of Roche Diabetes Care India Pvt. Ltd. The information provided is intended solely for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice or endorsement. Please consult a registered medical practitioner for personalized medical advice or before making any decisions regarding your health conditions or treatment options.
Hans India
30-07-2025
- Health
- Hans India
Every 3rd Indian affected by some metabolic dysfunction, mass level awareness needed: Minister
Every third Indian is affected by some metabolic dysfunction, said Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh, while proposing a mass campaign for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in the young. Addressing the Foundation Day ceremony of the Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI), Singh expressed concern that India continues to be labelled the 'diabetes capital of the world'. 'Every third Indian is affected by some form of metabolic dysfunction,' he said. The Minister, himself a globally renowned endocrinologist, also cautioned against diabetes disinformation, which tends to be spread, sometimes inadvertently, from certain quarters. He debunked popular myths, such as the belief in 'one meal a day', urging for a more scientific understanding of meal quality and quantity in diabetes care. Singh reiterated the target of reducing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by 10 per cent, particularly those associated with fatty liver, visceral fat, and obesity. He emphasised that public health messaging must go beyond medical publications and into institutionalised outreach to common citizens. Calling for evidence-based health awareness, Singh gave a firm dictum: 'Treat diabetes before it occurs, stressing that prevention is better than cure'. Recently, Singh also launched a study led by RSSDI, which showed that yoga can reduce the risk of diabetes by 40 per cent, highlighting the potential of yoga in preventive healthcare. The study suggested that the regular practice of yoga may reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes by as much as 40 per cent in individuals predisposed to the condition. "This is one of the first such efforts that seeks to scientifically document the prevention of the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes with yoga. As per the authors of the report, there is as much as a 40 per cent reduction in the development of Type 2 diabetes among potential individuals who practice yoga regularly," Singh said.
NDTV
25-07-2025
- Health
- NDTV
Can Yoga Actually Reduce Diabetes Risk? Asanas To Consider
Yoga can play a significant role in reducing the risk of diabetes. Regular yoga practice helps improve insulin sensitivity, balance blood sugar levels, reduce stress, and support weight management all of which are crucial in preventing type 2 diabetes. A recent study conducted by experts from the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI) has revealed that yoga can play a key role in preventing type 2 diabetes. Titled 'Yoga and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes', the report was officially presented to Union Health Minister Shri J.P. Nadda. The findings suggest that individuals with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes may lower their chances by up to 40% through consistent yoga practice. The research was spearheaded by Dr. S.V. Madhu, who leads the Department of Endocrinology at the University College of Medical Sciences in Delhi. Add these asanas into your routine to reduce diabetes diet. 6 Yoga asanas beneficial for diabetes risk and how to perform them 1. Vrikshasana This balancing pose improves concentration, reduces stress, and strengthens the nervous system, indirectly aiding in blood sugar control. Stand straight with feet together. Lift your right foot and place it on your inner left thigh. Bring your palms together in a prayer position at the chest or raise them overhead. Hold for 20-30 seconds, breathing steadily. Repeat on the other side. 2. Bhujangasana It stimulates the pancreas and digestive organs, promoting better insulin function. Lie face down on your mat with palms under your shoulders. Inhale and slowly lift your chest off the ground, using your back muscles (not arms). Keep elbows slightly bent and shoulders relaxed. Hold for 15-30 seconds, then release back down. Repeat 2-3 times. 3. Paschimottanasana It massages abdominal organs, improves digestion, and relieves stress. Sit with your legs extended straight in front. Inhale and raise your arms. Exhale and bend forward from the hips, reaching toward your toes. Try to keep the spine long and avoid hunching. Hold for 30 seconds to 1 minute, breathing gently. 4. Ardha Matsyendrasana This stimulates the liver and pancreas, improves digestion, and regulates metabolism. Sit with your legs extended. Bend your right leg and place the foot outside the left thigh. Bend your left leg or keep it straight. Twist your torso to the right, placing your right hand behind and left elbow on the right knee. Hold the twist for 30 seconds, then switch sides. 5. Setu Bandhasana This helps regulate thyroid function, calms the mind, and supports hormonal balance. Lie on your back with knees bent and feet flat, hip-width apart. Arms rest beside you. Inhale and lift your hips toward the ceiling, pressing into your feet and shoulders. Hold for 30 seconds, then slowly lower down. Repeat 2-3 times. 6. Dhanurasana It activates the pancreas, strengthens abdominal muscles, and improves digestion. Lie on your stomach and bend your knees. Reach back to hold your ankles with your hands. Inhale and lift your chest and thighs off the floor, arching your back. Look forward and hold the pose for 15-20 seconds. Release slowly and repeat once or twice. These yoga asanas, when practiced regularly alongside a healthy diet and lifestyle, can significantly reduce your risk of developing diabetes and enhance overall metabolic health. Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.
Time of India
25-07-2025
- Health
- Time of India
How doing Yoga daily can reduce diabetes risk by almost half
Yoga, which is known for its miraculous benefits on the human body and mind, has now proven to be beneficial in managing a lifestyle disease. A new study has found that practicing can slash the risk of type 2 diabetes by 40%. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now A new research led by the experts at the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI), found that yoga can prevent type 2 diabetes. The new report 'Yoga and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes' was presented to the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Shri J.P. Nadda. What is type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body cannot make enough of a hormone called insulin, or the insulin it makes does not work properly (insulin resistance). The insulin is responsible for controlling glucose levels. When there is a lack or dysfunction in this hormone, it leads to a high level of glucose in the bloodstream. Yoga and type 2 diabetes According to the new report, practicing yoga regularly may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by as much as 40% in individuals predisposed to the condition. The study was led by Dr. S.V. Madhu, the head of the Department of Endocrinology at the University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi. Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister for Science and Technology, who is also a noted diabetologist, emphasized the potential of yoga in preventive healthcare. 'This is one of the first such efforts that seeks to scientifically document the prevention of the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes with yoga. As per the authors of the report, there is as much as a 40% reduction in developing of Type 2 diabetes among potential individuals who practice yoga regularly,' Dr. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now Jitendra Singh said, after the report was presented. The new study also explored certain yoga asanas that are beneficial in preventing diabetes. Though previous studies have looked at the management of diabetes, this study exclusively focused on people who are at risk of developing the disease ( family history, and other factors), and also if he onset can be prevented altogether. 'The report has been submitted for further scrutiny. As per the authors, it is based on non-clinical observations,' Dr. Singh added. He also added that similar studies on how traditional wellness interventions like yoga can contribute to preventive and therapeutic health outcomes, are underway. Supreme Court Pushes Central Govt to Finalise FOPL: What It Means & Why It Matters? | Explained 'This study reflects how ancient practices like , when rigorously examined through scientific methods, can offer real-world health solutions. It's a step towards strengthening preventive healthcare and building a healthier India,' Dr. Jitendra Singh said, underlining that this report is a reaffirmation of India's wellness heritage grounded in modern science.
Time of India
08-07-2025
- Health
- Time of India
It was the mangoes! What glucose trackers catch that lab tests miss
Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are revolutionising diabetes care by offering a real-time picture of how everything from your morning coffee to evening workout affects blood sugar levels. Pushpa Narayan speaks to Dr Vijay Viswanathan, president of the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI), about how these wearables are helping in diabetes management How good are CGMs at monitoring blood sugar levels? These wearables give real-time information about glucose levels, providing greater insight into the body's sugar trends than traditional finger-prick tests. CGMs can show how different foods, exercise, sleep, and stress impact a person's glucose levels 24x7. This data helps doctors offer dietary and medicinal adjustments to optimise blood sugar levels. Some studies suggest CGMs can detect early signs of impaired glucose tolerance or prediabetes even in those with normal HbA1c (2-3 month blood sugar average) levels. Also, the feedback can motivate people with diabetes to adopt healthier lifestyle choices such as regular physical activity and balanced diet. When do you recommend them? In specific cases. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like An engineer reveals: One simple trick to get internet without a subscription Techno Mag Learn More Undo Last week, I had a patient whose HbA1c was 6.1, which is very good control for a person with diabetes, but the fasting and postprandial (after a meal) sugar levels were extremely high. We found it was possibly because my patient had been eating mangoes almost every day. HbA1c is the gold standard but doesn't reveal glucose fluctuations that occur throughout the day. A normal HbA1c with frequent low and high blood sugar indicates wide swings that the average doesn't capture. A high HbA1c despite 'good' clinic readings could mean post-meal spikes or overnight high sugar that are not being captured by intermittent testing. We recommend a CGM when a patient's average might be masking significant glycemic variability. It provides the timing, magnitude, and frequency of fluctuations, allowing doctors to pinpoint the root cause of disparity and adjust meal plans and medical treatment accordingly. Are they tools to improve diagnosis? Yes. For instance, the Somogyi phenomenon or rebound hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and the Dawn phenomenon are two distinct causes of high morning blood sugar in people with diabetes. Somogyi phenomenon occurs when an episode of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) during the night triggers the release of counter-regulatory hormones such as glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine which work to raise blood sugar. In diabetics who lack sufficient insulin, this mechanism can overshoot, leading to high blood sugar levels in the morning. Dawn phenomenon is a more natural process where the hormones cause a blood sugar rise between 2am and 8am to prepare for waking. These hormones increase insulin resistance and signal the liver to produce more glucose. In those without diabetes, the pancreas releases enough insulin but not in diabetics, leading to elevated blood sugar levels upon waking. Unlike Somogyi phenomenon, Dawn phenomenon is not preceded by a hypoglycemic event. It's important to distinguish between the two as treatment varies. CGMs help the caregiver diagnose, adjust insulin dosage and medication timing, with better long-term health outcomes and lower risk of complications. The information overload can cause anxiety, unwarranted dietary restrictions, and sometimes an unhealthy obsession with food among healthy folk. Not to mention needless expense Dr Viswanathan Even healthy people are using CGMs as a predictive health tool to prevent diabetes. Would you recommend it? Doctors' bodies, including RSSDI, are cautious about recommending widespread use in healthy people as the need is not yet proven. Also, most devices have algorithms tailored only to a diabetic's needs, which can lead to data misinterpretation. There's also the danger of an information overload that can cause anxiety, unwarranted dietary restrictions, and sometimes an unhealthy obsession with eating among healthy folk. Not to mention the needless spending. That said, manufacturers have designed over-the-counter devices for those who don't use insulin and are not at severe risk of low blood sugar. For healthy people, I would recommend a balanced diet, exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight for glucose management. Can CGMs help kids and the elderly? They greatly reduce the need for painful finger-prick tests that kids may dislike and the elderly may have difficulty with. Both may be more susceptible to hypoglycemia and may not experience typical symptoms. A CGM can provide life-saving alerts for low glucose that would help prevent severe episodes. And modern CGMs are often user-friendly, which can benefit older adults with cognitive impairments.
