18-05-2025
Glyndebourne's overdue Parsifal is full of unusual decisions
Nothing about Wagner's Parsifal is normal. It certainly isn't a normal opera, though countless directors have tried to make it one. Richard Wagner created his final major work, first performed in 1882, as a 'stage consecration play', casting its narrative of redemption in the form of a long, unfolding ritual. 'Here, time becomes space', as one line in the libretto has it. The usual play of narrative is reworked as Parsifal, an innocent fool, arrives as an outsider in a damaged chivalric community which guards the Holy Grail; this circle is ruled by a king, Amfortas, who has not only lost their Holy Spear to the malevolent sorcerer Klingsor, but been grievously wounded in the process.
It has taken Glyndebourne a long time to mount its first Parsifal, which apparently had been the ambition of its founder John Christie back when the festival started in 1934. In its old house, the piece was impossible; even in the fine new theatre, opened in 1994, it's still a tight fit. The ensemble at Wagner's premiere numbered an orchestra of 107, a chorus of 135, and 23 soloists; here, they're reduced to manageable proportions. The grandest effects, such as recorded off-stage bells, are underwhelming, but conductor Robin Ticciati achieves miracles of ever-moving textures from the London Philharmonic in the orchestra pit, never wallowing in the sound but driving it forward and giving it an edge in the act preludes. The sense of momentum and wonder he creates gives the drama its essential underpinning.
Director Jetske Mijnssen, highly praised and making her UK debut, mounts a production that's not only suited to the size of the theatre but also offers some startling new takes on the narrative. The innocent Parsifal of Daniel Johansson, light-voiced and not yet fully characterised, arrives in the traditional manner with dead swan in hand, but encounters a defensive crowd of knights who interrupt their Act One finale procession to beat him savagely. They're equally intolerant of Kristina Stanek's 'wild woman' Kundry, whose initial incarnation as a maid bringing in a tea-tray is quite a novelty. But to hear her voice blossom while keeping its incisiveness is one of the great thrills of the evening.
The drab marble-pillared hall of Ben Baur's design is essentially a domestic setting. It imposes a dreary uniformity on proceedings, echoed in Gideon Davey's grey costumes, which are Nordic-noir with a visual dash of Munch or Hammershoi, red hair for the maids and the flower maidens. Silent added characters – Parsifal's mother, a younger and older Kundry – stimulate some new perspectives on Wagner's story. It's a nice touch in this male-dominated drama that after Kundry has washed Parsifal's feet, he, Christ-like, washes hers. But Parsifal himself is strangely recessed in the final drama, not helped by a sacred spear no bigger than a penknife.
In this reductive setting, amid all the processing, John Tomlinson's veteran ex-king Titurel (still interfering) and John Relyea's implacable elder knight Gurnemanz have to sit round a tiny altar to celebrate the Office as if they were starting a hand of bridge. Relyea doesn't grow older across the acts as he should, but he remains the heroic controlling force and vocal star of the show, a truly remarkable feat. Meanwhile, Audun Iversen's fine wounded and despairing Amfortas seeks, through compassion, a reconciliation with Klingsor, magnificently declaimed by Ryan Speedo Green; and the production ends with an unexpected twist.
On this first night, there were cheers for the music, but scattered grumbles at the drama. Either way, Glyndebourne's Parsifal is a gripping evening that will stimulate continuing debate about the real meaning of Wagner's final challenge to the world.
