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Zawya
08-07-2025
- Politics
- Zawya
Parliamentary Leaders Hail Sierra Leone's President Julius Maada Bio's Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Chairmanship in Historic Show of Unity
The parliamentary leadership of Sierra Leone's two main political parties, the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) and the opposition All People's Congress (APC), paid a joint courtesy call on His Excellency President Dr Julius Maada Bio at State House to formally congratulate him on his recent election as Chairman of the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government. The visitors were introduced by Chief Minister Dr David Moinina Sengeh, who explained that the Members of Parliament had come to express their appreciation for the President's efforts in elevating Sierra Leone's image on the international stage through his new leadership role in the sub-regional body. Hon. Matthew Sahr Nyuma, Majority Leader and Leader of Government Business in Parliament, thanked President Bio for granting the audience. He disclosed that the joint visit followed internal consultations between SLPP and APC parliamentary leadership, who unanimously agreed to formally congratulate the President on his election. Hon. Nyuma underscored the collaborative relationship between the Executive and the Legislature and appealed for more regular engagements with the President, not only on constitutional grounds, but also in recognition of the strong working relationship that currently exists between Parliament and the Executive. Speaking on behalf of the opposition APC, Hon. Abdul Kargbo congratulated President Bio for the international recognition and praised him for entrusting leadership roles to young people. 'We are proud as a nation of your achievement. As Members of Parliament, we recognise our roles, but we remain open and committed to the development of Sierra Leone,' he said. He noted that all government bills that have been tabled in Parliament and were in the national interest have been passed expeditiously. He attributed this to teamwork, political maturity, and shared patriotism, which have contributed to a relatively calm and productive parliamentary environment. In his response, President Julius Maada Bio thanked the SLPP and APC parliamentary leadership for their gesture, describing it as a demonstration of patriotism, unity, and national solidarity. 'Your coming together, across party lines, to congratulate me on my ECOWAS leadership shows maturity and a common commitment to Sierra Leone,' he remarked. President Bio reiterated that his successes were not personal achievements but national victories. 'What we've accomplished is not about me, it is about Sierra Leone. These milestones reflect the work we are all doing together,' he said. He expressed appreciation for the oversight role played by the opposition, acknowledging that constructive criticism helps sharpen governance and reinforces the democratic process. 'Your critical voice in Parliament keeps us accountable, especially on national development, peace, and cohesion.' President Bio encouraged Members of Parliament to continue leveraging their collective strength to advance national development. 'We are smart people. With diverse views from different political parties, we can take bold, effective decisions to keep development at the center of our national agenda.' He called for a readjustment of political ideologies towards cooperation and mutual respect, citing the importance of reducing political tension and promoting development-focused dialogue. The President proposed a national dialogue to define a long-term development agenda that every future administration would prioritize for the country's benefit. President Bio concluded by expressing gratitude for the visit and the congratulatory message from the Parliament. Distributed by APO Group on behalf of State House Sierra Leone.
Daily Maverick
02-06-2025
- Politics
- Daily Maverick
Political agreements alone won't heal Sierra Leone's deep social divide
Constitutional and legal reforms are needed to address divisions rooted in the overcentralisation of power and resources. Despite a veneer of national cohesion, deep ethnic and political divisions persist in Sierra Leone. These were evident during the 2023 contested elections, which required a national unity agreement to defuse tensions between the government and the opposition All People's Congress (APC). The APC had rejected the declaration of President Julius Maada Bio as the winner, citing irregularities and procedural infractions. While the next general election is still three years away, it's critical to prevent a resurgence of tensions that could escalate into violence and instability. Since the end of its civil war in 2002, Sierra Leone has been on a democratic trajectory, holding five consecutive elections and experiencing peaceful transfers of power in 2007 and 2018. The country has consistently ranked high on the Global Peace Index, although with a slight decline since 2016 – and was ranked eighth -most peaceful in Africa in 2024. Combined with its postwar stability, religious tolerance and conflict prevention awareness, this progress has fostered a semblance of national cohesion and led to reduced regional and international interventions in recent years. Nevertheless, deep-rooted sociopolitical cleavages continue and were especially apparent before and after the June 2023 elections. The antagonistic relationship between the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) and APC continues to reflect pronounced ethno-regional cleavages. The SLPP draws its primary support from the Mende ethnic group in the south and east, while the APC is largely backed by the Temne in the north and northwest. These divisions were implicitly acknowledged in the agreement, in which both parties jointly condemned 'all citizens at home and abroad who incite violence, spread hate speech and disrupt national cohesion'. They reaffirmed their commitment to interparty dialogue. The agreement aimed to resolve the post-election impasse, leading to the APC ending the boycott of its participation in elective offices – parliamentarians, mayors, council chairs and councillors. The parties agreed to establish a cross-party committee to review the 2023 electoral process and address issues such as election-related detentions and politically motivated legal actions. However, it did not address the overcentralisation of power and resources that have historically fuelled divisive politics, often centred more on access to state control than genuine policy differences. The 1991 constitution (as reinstated in 1996 and amended in 2008) and Mines and Minerals Development Act vest full ownership and control of Sierra Leone's vast natural resources – including gold, diamonds, bauxite and iron ore – in the state, particularly the executive. Mining, regulated by the National Minerals Agency, has been a key economic pillar, accounting for more than 26% of gross domestic product in 2014 and contributing significantly to public revenue and export earnings between 2012 and 2014 before Ebola and Covid-19 disruptions. Furthermore, the private sector relies on state-led public works and procurement. The government controls licences, permits and access to credit guarantees, making proximity to political elites a determinant of economic success. The public service, accounting for 39% of formal employment in 2018, remains a major employer. These factors reinforce state dominance over economic life and render access to political office a gateway to wealth accumulation, while exclusion often translates into economic marginalisation. Both major parties have accused each other of corruption and discriminatory economic practices. Between 2007 and 2018, SLPP leaders, including then-opposition figure Bio, accused the APC government of tribalism, patronage and nepotism, claiming government contracts were awarded primarily to ruling elite loyalists and associates. On assuming office in 2018, the Bio administration released a report alleging grand corruption and ethnic favouritism under former president Ernest Bai Koroma. At least 25% of citizens in the south and east claimed their ethnic groups were being treated unfairly. The APC has similarly accused the SLPP of state capture, citing, for example, the alleged misappropriation of public funds by First Lady Fatima Maada Bio. In its northern stronghold, where 26% of the Temne population reported experiencing ethnic discrimination by the state, grievances over rising living costs and limited access to basic services triggered deadly anti-government protests in August 2022. These developments echo the causes of the civil war, as identified by the truth and reconciliation commission in its 2004 final report. It found that '[t]he provinces had almost been totally sidelined through the centralisation of political and economic power in Freetown' and regions and ethnic groups were polarised by contrasting treatment. Successive governments, the commission concluded, had systematically favoured 'certain ethnic groups in appointments across the cabinet, the civil service and army'. Despite the 2023 agreement, political tensions intensified when Koroma was placed under house arrest and charged with treason between December 2023 and January 2024 regarding an alleged attempted coup. This followed attacks on military installations and prisons, which left 20 dead and enabled more than 2,000 prisoners to escape. The government claimed that Koroma's security personnel largely orchestrated these attacks. Moreover, the executive wields significant control over state institutions despite constitutional provisions for the separation of powers. Presidential appointments to key government positions – including in the judiciary, security sector and public administration – concentrate power in the executive and turn public institutions into vehicles for patronage, including through the allocation of public contracts and jobs. Transitions of power between the SLPP and APC have frequently resulted in widespread replacement of state personnel. Institute for Security Studies (ISS) interviews with political and civil society actors in June 2024 highlighted concerns over the politicisation of public appointments and deployment of state institutions against political opponents. The trial of APC's 2023 presidential candidate and former foreign minister Samura Karama for alleged corruption was cited as an example. Promoting sustainable national cohesion and ensuring stability during elections will require more than externally brokered political settlements. The deal was brokered by the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas), the Commonwealth and the Independent Commission for Peace and National Cohesion. Structural reforms aimed at decentralising power and resource control must be prioritised through constitutional and legal reforms. The AU, Ecowas, and other international partners must go beyond crisis response and work to accelerate inclusive development and expand economic opportunities for all, irrespective of ethnicity or region. DM
