Latest news with #Syrian-Canadian
CBC
14-04-2025
- Politics
- CBC
'Step up': Windsorites want protections for loved ones in Syria who are 'living in fear'
Windsorites call for action, fearing for the safety of loved ones in Syria 2 hours ago Duration 4:04 Syrians in Windsor are sounding alarm bells, saying their loved ones back home are in need of protection, in the midst of targeted violence. Since the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad government in December, there has been a serious escalation of violence, especially in Syria's coastal region. For a Syrian-Canadian living in Windsor, it's been devastating to watch it unfolding from afar. We are keeping her real identity confidential to limit the risk to her family. Her husband, the father of her children, is in hiding in Syria, and she's fearful she may never see him again. "It's very heartbreaking," she said. "It's breaking my family apart." She and her husband are Alawite Muslims, a minority group in Syria. She has not seen her husband in years. While she has been living in Canada with their children, her husband, who is not a Canadian citizen, had been forced to serve in the Syrian military for many years until the collapse of the former government. Alawites 'feel totally helpless' As a former member of the military and as an Alawite, she says her husband is afraid for his life. The former government was largely made up of members of the Alawite sect in Syria, which means that much of the violence has been directed at the Alawite community which is clustered along the coast, explained Adam Coogle, the Deputy Middle East Director for Human Rights Watch. "Right now, unfortunately for the Alawite community, they very much feel totally helpless right now. They don't feel like they have any protection," he said. "It's very easy to understand why Alawites, particularly in Syria right now, are living in fear." The Windsor woman is heartbroken and at a loss, trying to stay strong for her and her husband's two kids. "He doesn't know if he's going to live again to see his children... My last conversation with him was, 'Hey, you know, if something happens to me, take care of the kids,'" she said, holding back tears. In recent months, hundreds of civilians have been killed in violent attacks. In March, in a sharp escalation, there were violent clashes between Syria's government and Assad loyalists, followed by a series of revenge killings. According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, there were more than 1,500 deaths that month, including more than 100 children. Investigations are still ongoing, so the exact number is unknown. The United Nations has reported instances of entire families being killed, with Alawite cities and villages targeted in particular. The Syrian-Canadian woman's husband is in hiding, in the coastal area of Syria. She said he was forced to give up his identification documents when he was discharged from the military, and now has no avenue to leave the country. "My kids ask about him every day. Every day we pray that we can bring him here," she said. "I can't be there with him because it's not safe for me or my children and there is no way for him to come here. So it's a very difficult situation." 'They feel dark, very hopeless' CBC also spoke with another Syrian-Canadian living in Windsor with extended family and friends in the coastal region of Tartus. We are protecting her identity to minimize risk to her family overseas. "My relatives are living in fear. Like they're literally hiding," she said. "People are living in fear of being killed." Much of her family is Alawite, but others are Christians. She says that they are also living in fear of discrimination. While Coogle with the Human Rights Watch says there's no evidence that new authorities are actively targeting the Christian community, he understands why Christians are worried, pointing to examples of fighters burning down Christmas Trees. At the time, the leading rebel group in the country's new administration said those responsible would be punished, but the incident did prompt questions about the new Islamist regime's tolerance of minorities. "Christians understandably are concerned about what the new authorities will do in the long term with the Christian community, both in terms of their religious practice and their presence in the country." The Windsor woman said her loved ones are afraid to even leave their homes. "Everybody's just kind of... they feel very dark, very hopeless," she said. She regularly receives voice note updates from loved ones sharing their fears. One voice note from a relative that she translated for CBC said, "We are living in fear every single day and every single night. There are killings, executions and kidnappings." It went on to say "We are unarmed. We are not doing anything. We just want to live in peace." She hopes for a better future in Syria soon, when she can return to the country that she loves so deeply. But for now, she says she's afraid, but hopes that by speaking out she can make a difference. "People need to know what's happening," she said. 'Step up and help these people' Coogle explained, after a brutal 14-year civil war, Syria is also dealing with extreme poverty and high criminality across the country. He confirmed that killings of unarmed civilians, kidnappings and checkpoints set up by militants stopping people at random, are a reality. He said there are many armed groups, including foreign fighters, operating within the country in support of the new government. Usually these groups would be under the control of the state, but right now, they are actually acting independently. "It remains a very, very dangerous country where the security forces have not managed to yet turn their forces into a cohesive force that can actually impose law and order throughout the country," he said. "That's not an excuse. The authorities have an obligation to provide security and ensure security of all citizens in Syria." Both Windsor women are calling for international intervention, for awareness and protections for minorities in Syria, as well as more efforts to help individuals trying to leave the country. "Step up and help these people," the woman whose husband is in hiding expressed. She said she feels like she has no where to turn to for help to get her husband out of Syria. A spokesperson for Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada told CBC in an e-mailed statement that they are actively monitoring the situation and cannot speculate on future policy decisions. "Since 2016, Canada has continued to provide protection to thousands of Syrians through our existing refugee programs, including government-supported and privately-sponsored pathways," Communications Advisor Mary Rose Sabater said. In March, Global Affairs Canada issued a statement condemning the atrocities taking place, and calling on the interim authorities to end the violence. The statement went on to say, "Civilians must be protected, the dignity and human rights of all religious and ethnic groups must be upheld, and perpetrators must be held accountable."
Arab News
15-02-2025
- Politics
- Arab News
How Syrians can pursue justice, fast-track peace in post-conflict era
LONDON: While thousands across the Syrian Arab Republic celebrated the fall of Bashar Assad on Dec. 8, others were fearful of the retribution they would likely face for their ties to the ousted regime. For many, those fears are quickly realized. The Syrian people endured immense suffering over the course of the nation's 13-year civil war, with countless killed, displaced, or disappeared by the regime and its militia allies, fueling impatient calls for justice. As a result, areas of rural Homs and the Mediterranean coast with high densities of Alawites — the ethno-religious group from which the Assad family traced its roots and drew much of its support — have seen mounting instability. Reports of sectarian killings began to emerge as the interim government carried out security sweeps, while armed men, reportedly seeking revenge against those they deemed responsible for the years of bloodshed, have taken the law into their own hands. Karam Shaar, a senior fellow at the Newlines Institute for Strategy and Policy, believes the interim government in Damascus faces a significant challenge of balancing accountability with social cohesion and stability. The new leaders 'fully understand that pursuing accountability head-on at this point, given the fragile security situation, could lead to a resurgence of extremist groups, paramilitary militias, and territorial factions,' Shaar told Arab News. In early December, as rebel forces led by the militant group Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham advanced into Homs before going on to topple the Assad regime, tens of thousands of Alawites fled the central province to the Syrian coast, fearing reprisals. Camille Otrakji, a Syrian-Canadian analyst, says the exodus of Alawites to their heartland on the Mediterranean coast 'has led many to question whether this phase constitutes a low-intensity ethnic cleansing project aimed at relocating Alawites exclusively to the coastal region.' 'While Christians in Aleppo and Alawites in the coastal region of Syria are less frequently subjected to human rights abuses, those in central Syria (Homs and Hama governorates) are the ones who bear the brunt of the punishment,' Otrakji told Arab News. As fear of retribution and sectarian violence spread through the Alawite community and other ethnoreligious groups, Syrian President Ahmad Al-Sharaa pledged in late December that his administration would protect the country's diverse sects and minority groups. However, as of Feb. 7, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based war monitor, has documented 128 retaliatory killings across 11 provinces since the start of 2025 alone — with Homs leading the toll, followed by Hama. Alawites, a Muslim sect who constitute around 10 percent of Syria's population, are at particular risk of collective punishment — including for those who opposed Assad. During the 50-year rule of Bashar and his father Hafez, Alawites formed the backbone of the regime, with around 80 percent of them working for the state — many in intelligence, security, or the military, according to the Washington Institute. After Assad's ouster and the rebel coalition's capture of Damascus in December, interim authorities moved to curb the spread of arms, urging former conscripts and soldiers to surrender their weapons. However, many have chosen to hold on to these weapons — in many cases for self defense. In response, security forces launched an operation in Homs in January to capture 'remnants of Assad's militias.' The operation followed clashes in Alawite neighborhoods, sparked by an old video that resurfaced in December, showing rebels burning the shrine of the Alawite sect's founder. Quoting a security official, state news agency SANA said on Jan. 2 that the security campaign targeted 'war criminals and those involved in crimes who refused to hand over their weapons.' While security forces were conducting raids in rural Homs, members of the Alawite community shared videos on social media showing militants, reportedly linked to HTS, beating and abusing Alawites in Homs and in coastal areas while hurling sectarian insults. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights estimated that within a month of Assad's ouster, at least 160 Alawites were killed in raids and sectarian attacks. In a recent incident documented by the war monitor, 'unidentified gunmen' opened fire on civilians at the Baniyas-Jabaleh junction in the coastal region, killing a former officer and a worker. Similarly, in rural Homs, factions linked to the new administration reportedly raided the village of Al-Dabin, attacked a civilian home and killed a young man. Joshua Landis, director of the Center for Middle East Studies at the University of Oklahoma, said that as social media and word of mouth spread reports of killings, robberies, and kidnappings, 'lawlessness, particularly in the Alawite villages around Homs and Hama, is causing near hysteria within the community.' 'Many Alawites are demanding justice,' he told Arab News. 'They understand that the Assad regime committed terrible atrocities, particularly in the prisons, but they fear that the wrong people are being killed in random attacks and revenge killings.' He added: 'One of the primary reasons for animosity toward the new government of President Al-Sharaa within the Alawite community is the lawlessness now overtaking the coastal region.' Shaar of the New Lines Institute says the perceived delay in tackling this lawlessness might be due to the need to first establish the state's monopoly on the use of force during this transitional period. 'I think the caretaker government is prioritizing stabilizing security, consolidating power, and establishing a monopoly on force, as any state should, before addressing these violations,' he said. Referring to the new authorities, he added: 'I still don't see their vision, and maybe we shouldn't expect one this early. Perhaps it does take time. 'In that sense, it's understandable for them to wait before developing a vision for accountability, given the magnitude and sheer scale of the violations that occurred during the conflict.' However, the situation is likely to escalate as Alawites are pushed out of key state roles and public sector jobs under the new government's plan to cut a third of its workforce. With lost livelihoods, hunger is already widespread in Alawite areas. 'Many Alawites have lost their jobs or fear being pushed out of their jobs as purges are being carried out in government ministries,' said Landis. 'Of course, the military, police force, and intelligence services were packed with Alawites.' Fighters affiliated with the interim government have allegedly carried out summary executions in Homs. In late January, Syrian authorities accused members of a 'criminal group' of 'posing as members of the security services' and abusing residents, according to SANA. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says the new authorities have arrested 'dozens of members of local armed groups' who participated in the security operations in Homs. Their arrest came after 35 people, mostly Assad-era officers, were summarily executed within 72 hours, according to the war monitor. These groups 'carried out reprisals and settled old scores with members of the Alawite minority … taking advantage of the state of chaos, the proliferation of arms and their ties to the new authorities,' it said. In addition, the war monitor listed 'mass arbitrary arrests, atrocious abuse, attacks against religious symbols, mutilations of corpses, summary and brutal executions targeting civilians' among the 'unprecedented level of cruelty and violence.' These crimes demand an urgent transitional justice process to help prevent further bloodshed and division. However, unless the various armed groups are integrated into the Syrian Ministry of Defense, the security situation will likely continue to escalate. 'The new government must get control of the many militias that are not directly under government control,' said Landis. 'They must also build their police forces so that they can bring some accountability to the countryside and stop crime.' He added: 'Even more important than a proper police force is a justice system that can provide the equality and accountability that President Al-Sharaa has been so eloquent in proclaiming will define the new Syria.' On Jan. 30, in his first state address as president, Al-Sharaa vowed to 'pursue the criminals who shed Syrian blood and committed massacres and crimes,' in addition to working to form an inclusive transitional government. As Syria's new leader 'seeks historical recognition as the architect of a transformed and improved Syria,' he 'must demonstrate his ability to curtail the influence of his armed militias,' said analyst Otrakji. Al-Sharaa 'recognizes that establishing and maintaining favorable relations with influential global powers and moderate Arab nations is crucial for achieving success,' he said. 'These nations have expressed their hope that Syria under his leadership will provide a secure environment for its minorities and uphold their rights as equal citizens.' Al-Sharaa's main challenge, however, 'is that tens of thousands of armed men wielding significant power in the new Syria are not necessarily motivated by the same goals as their leader,' said Otrakji. 'Their objectives vary widely. Some are driven by a desire to purge Syria of 'heretic' sects. Others aim to impose strict moral codes, including regulating women's attire. Some seek to seize the property — whether homes or mobile phones — of Alawite villagers, while others revel in the daily opportunity to humiliate them.' The international community warns that peace and lasting security in post-Assad Syria requires the adoption of transitional justice, strengthening the rule of law, and holding free, fair elections to form a legitimate government. 'It's not easy to have a genuine accountability process that is fair and inclusive, but that also ignores their own violations,' said Syrian analyst Shaar, referring to the new authorities. 'Someone might say: 'It's good we're talking about this, but tell me about the disappeared in HTS areas, or about extrajudicial killings.' If you open that door, where do you stop?' Although transitional justice would be a very complex process, it is likely the only path to stabilizing Syria. 'Transitional justice seeks to help societies recover from widespread abuse and systematic repression, prioritizing victims and their interests while ensuring that perpetrators are held accountable through a fair and transparent process — without it becoming a tool for revenge or perpetuating new injustices,' Harout Ekmanian, a public international lawyer at Foley Hoag LLP in New York, told Arab News. 'Post-conflict Syria has a range of transitional justice mechanisms it can implement,' Ekmanian added, citing criminal trials, truth commissions, security sector reforms, reparations, and memorial initiatives for victims. Implementing these mechanisms successfully 'requires the active leadership of the state, working in close collaboration with the legal community, human rights organizations, and victims or their representatives,' he said. Ekmanian, who is originally from Aleppo, added: 'Community awareness campaigns should accompany these efforts to educate the public on the concept of transitional justice and its role in fostering reconciliation and building a stable future. 'This would help manage public expectations. These campaigns should promote a discourse that encourages cooperation among all parties rather than fostering division or demonizing any group.' The international community has called for the creation of a national transitional justice committee to document violations, offer psychological and social support to victims, and promote social reconciliation. This committee could model the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a proven conflict resolution model that followed the end of apartheid, to help Syria confront its past and build a future of justice and accountability. Ekmanian said such commissions investigate past human rights violations and recommend pathways to justice. 'However, they go a step further by actively fostering reconciliation between victims and perpetrators,' he said. 'They often incorporate restorative justice elements, such as public apologies, amnesty provisions, and dialogue processes, to help heal societal divisions.' Truth and reconciliation commissions 'could play a crucial role in gathering the narratives of victims and society, helping to establish the truth about a range of mass abuses,' including 'the atrocities committed in Assad's prisons, the torture, the sieges and indiscriminate bombings of civilian areas, chemical massacres, corruption, and last but not least, the fate of thousands of forcibly disappeared individuals. 'However, as with any transitional justice mechanism, the work of truth and reconciliation committees must be balanced with the need to maintain communal peace and stability,' he added. The new government's appointment of leaders from a single political, religious, and sectarian group has raised skepticism among Syrians about its ability to pursue an inclusive transition. Moreover, a history of deep sectarian divides and vengeance across the region presents a significant challenge to a truth and reconciliation process. Otrakji said: 'Regrettably, the pervasive sentiment of revenge deeply ingrained in the collective psyche of the Middle East and the Mediterranean poses a significant challenge to the possibility of a South African-inspired truth and reconciliation process in healing the deep-seated wounds of Syria's protracted history of conflict.'
