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Indian Express
4 days ago
- General
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise static quiz: History and Culture MCQs on the Chola dynasty, Travellers in Indian history, Folk dance and more (Week 119)
Are you preparing for UPSC CSE Prelims? UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of daily subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on History and Culture to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at Which of the following parts of a temple structure is not correctly matched? (a) entry hall : mukhamaṇḍapa (b) pillared hall : ardhamaṇḍapa (c) vestibule : gopuram (d) sanctum : garbhagṛha A standard Chola temple was configured along an east-west axis, consisting of an entry hall (mukhamaṇḍapa), a pillared hall (ardhamaṇḍapa), a vestibule (antarāl̥a), and a sanctum (garbhagṛha) sheltered by a Tamil Draviḍa–style superstructure. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer:Why Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple by Ajeya Vajpayee, UPSC Essentials, The Indian Express) Which Chola King returned with the water of the Ganga to sanctify and commemorate his victory at a new capital in his homeland, called Gangaikondacholapuram, after his successful campaign in the north? (a) Rajaraja I (b) Rajaraja II (c) Rajendra I (d) Rajendra II Rājarāja's heir, Rajendra I, after his successful campaign in the north, returned with the water of the Ganga to sanctify and commemorate his victory at a new capital in his homeland, called Gangaikoṇḍacōl̥apuram ('City of the Chola who conquered the Ganges'). Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer:Why Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple by Ajeya Vajpayee, UPSC Essentials, The Indian Express) With reference to 'Kudavolai system' consider the following statements: 1. It is an ancient taxation system. 2. The system finds its mention in the Uttaramerur Inscriptions. Which of the above given statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 As chronicled by K A Nilakanta Sastri in The Cholas (1935), the Chola administrative framework was built on two foundational units: the Sabha for Brahmin settlements and the Ur for non-Brahmin villages. These were not symbolic councils but elected bodies with real powers over revenue, irrigation, temple management, and even justice. 'It was democracy at the grassroots — built into the fabric of Tamil civic life,' Sastri wrote in Chapter VIII, 'Local Self-Government'. But what made the system particularly striking was the method of voting, a process called the Kudavolai system or 'ballot pot' election. Under this method, as detailed in the Uttaramerur Inscriptions documented in Epigraphia Indica Vol. XXII (1933–34), the names of eligible candidates were inscribed on palm leaves and placed inside a pot. A young boy, typically chosen for his impartiality, would draw the lot in full public view. This randomised draw was not a game of chance but a civic ritual rooted in transparency, fairness, and collective consent. Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Long before Magna Carta, Cholas had 'ballot pots': What is the ancient voting system PM Modi lauded? by Arun Janardhanan, The Indian Express) Manigramam and Ayyavole in the history of South India are closely related to: (a) Martial art (b) Classical music (c) Merchant guilds (d) None of the above Anirudh Kanisetti notes in Lords of the Earth and Sea (Penguin, 2023): the Chola model of statecraft relied heavily on decentralised administrative systems. By empowering merchant guilds such as the Manigramam and Ayyavole, and sustaining local assemblies, the Cholas expanded both trade and legitimacy. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Long before Magna Carta, Cholas had 'ballot pots': What is the ancient voting system PM Modi lauded? by Arun Janardhanan, The Indian Express) Consider the following statements: 1. Barahmasa, a poetic tradition that emerged in medieval South India, lent itself to other forms such as paintings, which were patronised by the Vijayanagar Empire. 2. Meghaduta, the classical sanskrit poem, tells the story of a yaksha who longs for his wife and uses a cloud as a messenger. Which of the above given statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Kalidasa's Meghaduta The classical Sanskrit poem, Meghaduta, by Kalidasa has lent itself as a theme to artists painting the monsoon. The poem tells the story of a yaksha who longs for his wife and uses a cloud as a messenger. Barahmasa painting The Barahmasa is a poetic tradition that emerged in medieval North India. It usually revolved around the theme of a woman longing for her lover, and described her emotional state in context of the season of the year. The Barahmasa, as the name suggests, refers to the '12 months'. With time, the genre lent itself to other forms of art, including dance, music and paintings. The Barahmasa paintings began developing during the Mughal rule and were at their peak during the 18th and 19th centuries. Among these paintings, the ones depicting the monsoon months are known to be the most evocative, with passionate rendering of colours and textures to show young lovers staring at clouds, or the lush countryside. Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer:Painting the rain: How Indian art obsesses with the monsoons by Adrija Roychowdhury, The Indian Express) Consider the following states of India: 1. Arunachal Pradesh 2. Meghalaya 3. Nagaland 4. Mizoram 5. Manipur 6. Sikkim 7. Tripura Which of the above states were part of colonial Assam before Independence? (a) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 only (d) All of the above The Northeast Northeast India officially comprises eights states — Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura — which are a part of the North-Eastern Council, a statutory advisory body that plays a role in development planning, and region-level policy making. Pre-Independence, five of these eight present-day states (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram) were a part of colonial Assam. Manipur and Tripura were princely states, with resident British political officers answering to the governor of Assam. Sikkim, the most unique of the eight, was juridically independent but under British paramountcy. It became an independent country in 1947, before being annexed by India in 1975. In 2001 Sikkim was made a member of the North Eastern Council, and thus officially a part of the Northeast. Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer: How the Northeast was 'invented', 52 years ago by Sanjib Baruah, The Indian Express) With reference to the travellers in Indian history, consider the following statements: 1. Italian traveller, Pietro Della Valle visited India during the reign of Krishnadevaraya. 2. Moroccan traveler, Ibn Battuta visited India during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. Which of the statements given up is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Pietro Della Valle visited Gujarat in 1623, during the reign of Mughal emperor Jahangir. Della Valle remained in Surat for about 40 days and received the utmost kindness and civility from the Presidents of both the English and Dutch factories. He was impressed by the equality enjoyed by all Mughal subjects in the town and the liberty they had to pursue their normal avocations and to amass wealth. He describes the famous Gopi Talav, which was built by the Hindu Governor of Surat during the reign of Sultan Muzaffar II from 1511 to 1527. He refers to it as a 'very large tank' that is surrounded by stonework and features numerous sides and angles. There are stairs leading down to the water's surface. The diameter of the tank is stated to be two good furlongs. Such reservoirs were commonly constructed by rulers or wealthy individuals for the public's benefit due to the scarcity of running water, as many towns relied solely on rainwater collected in these large tanks. Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer: 17th-century Gujarat through eyes of an Italian traveller by Amarjit Singh, The Indian Express ) With reference to Laho, consider the following statements: 1. Laho is a folk dance of Meghalaya's Jaintia hill region. 2. It is famous among the Pnar tribal community and an integral part of the Behdienkhlam festival. Which of the above given statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Laho Laho hails from the cool, green Meghalaya's Jaintia hill region. It is an integral part of the Behdienkhlam festival, which is held annually to invoke divine blessings and to get rid of bad spirits. It is famous among the Pnar tribal community in Meghalaya. The synchronisation and harmony of the dance are noteworthy. Instead of musical instruments, a man recites couplets during the performance. Both men and women take part in the dance and wear colourful costumes and jewellery. This folk dance is also popular among the Harp tribe of the state but is called a different name, Wangala Dance. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: International Dance Day 2023– Here are 5 lesser-known folk dance forms of India, The Indian Express) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava is currently working as Senior Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and leads a unique initiative of IE - UPSC Essentials. He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
Indian Express
21-07-2025
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise static quiz : History and Culture MCQs on Elephanta caves, Hindi in South India, Zauq, and more (Week 118)
Are you preparing for UPSC CSE Prelims? UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of daily subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on History and Culture to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at With reference to Elephanta Caves, consider the following statements: 1. They are older than the Ajanta Caves. 2. The island on which the Elephanta Caves are situated was originally called Gharapuri, but after the British conquered the region, they renamed it Elephanta after erecting a large stone elephant on the island. 3. The most notable among the network of caves is the Trimurti, a massive three-headed statue representing Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. How many statements given above are correct? (a) Only one statement (b) Only two statements (c) All three statements (d) None of the three statements A masterpiece of Buddhist art, Ajanta caves are located in Maharashtra and are renowned for their exquisite Buddhist rock-cut cave monuments. These caves date back to the 2nd century BCE and were created as retreats for Buddhist monks. Another architecturally significant cave complex situated in Maharashtra, Elephanta caves are just a short boat ride from Mumbai. This site features a collection of rock-cut temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. These caves, dating back to the 5th century CE, are situated on Elephanta Island and are famous for their colossal sculptures. What's worth noting is that the island on which Elephanta Caves are situated was originally called Gharapuri. However, after the Portuguese conquered the region, they renamed it as Elephanta, as they erected a large stone elephant on the island. The most notable among the network of caves is the Trimurti, a massive three-headed statue representing the aspects of Shiva as the highest form of God in Hinduism fulfilling the roles of a creator, preserver, and destroyer. Therefore, d is the correct answer. (For more, refer: In Elephanta Caves, artistic carvings, spiritual callings, and a religious monolith by Ruchika Goswamy, Lifestyle, The Indian Express; World Heritage Day 2024: Explore some of the most architecturally significant caves in India, Lifestyle, The Indian Express.) Who established the first Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha in Madras? (a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (d) K. Kamaraj 'Scholars say Hindi actively began to make its presence felt in the South around the Independence movement, with Mahatma Gandhi establishing the first Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha in Madras (now Chennai) in 1918. The objective was to teach Hindi to a non-Hindi-speaking populace as a link language for the freedom movement.' — Nikhila Henry Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer: History Headline — Far from politics, journey of Hindi in southern states by Nikhila Henry, The Indian Express) Consider the following statements: 1. Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah was the first Nizam of Hyderabad. 2. Hyderabad was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi. Which of the statements given above is/are true? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 'The year is 1725. It is a cool November morning in Hyderabad, a city founded by Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah. Bustling bylanes converge around Charminar, its tall minarets whispering stories of the Shah's triumph over a devastating plague. Beyond the towering structure, a flash of yellow flutters carelessly in the clear, blue sky. It is the flag of Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi, the first Nizam of Hyderabad.' — Shreya Saksena Therefore, d is the correct answer. (For more, refer: From Khichdi-Khatta to Patthar ka Gosht, what Hyderabadi cuisine tells us about the city's multicultural past by Shreya Saksena, Research, The Indian Express) What was the 'Gagging Act' related to in pre-independent India? (a) Disarming Indians (b) Legal equality for Indian judges (c) Press control (d) Small and medium landowners Explanation During the reign of the British empire there were several Acts passed as stringent curbs over the Indian Press. Prior to the rumblings of the 1857 mutiny, the Press was fiercely involved in rallying the masses, and inevitably, the British government was increasingly becoming apprehensive about the Press' freedom. Through the newspapers, a nationalistic rebellion was slowly being pieced together through words and symbols. In view of this, the 'Gagging Act' was passed by Lord Lytton, which was driven to curtail and control the Indian publications' content. The Act compelled all Indian publications to apply for a license from the government, while also ensuring that nothing was written against the British government, nor was the government challenged in any measure. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: A pre-Independence history of press freedom in India by Radhika Iyengar, Research, The Indian Express) Consider the following books and authors: Books : Authors 1. Unhappy India : Dadabhai Naoroji 2. Gita Rahasya : Bal Gangadhar Tilak 3. India Wins Freedom : Jawaharlal Nehru 4. The Golden Threshold : Sarojini Naidu Which of the above give pairs are not correctly matched? (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 3 only The correct pairs are : Books : Authors 1. Unhappy India : Lala Lajpat Rai 2. Gita Rahasya : Bal Gangadhar Tilak 3. India Wins Freedom : Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 4. The Golden Threshold : Sarojini Naidu Therefore, d is the correct answer. Shaikh Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq was a contemporary of which of the following Mughal rulers? (a) Jahangir (b) Muhammad Shah (c) Bahadur Shah Zafar (d) None of the above Shaikh Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq, the poetry ustaad of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah 'Zafar' saw, in his lifetime, the Mughal Empire brought to its knees (though not formally ended — Zauq, perhaps mercifully, died three years before the 'Ghadar' of 1857, the uprising that was to so impact the fabric of Delhi's social, cultural and literary life). But an impoverished Mughal court and an equally penurious north Indian aristocracy meant that many of Zauq's contemporaries drifted south to Hyderabad, where there was still patronage to be sought and stipends to be earned. Zauq, however, when asked why he did not migrate to the Deccan, had famously remarked, 'In dinon garche Dakan mein hai bohot qadr-e-sukhan/ Kaun jaaye Zauq par Dilli ki galiyaan chhor kar?' As Saif Mahmood translates this in his book Beloved Delhi: 'Although poetry is greatly valued in the Deccan these days, Zauq, who would trade that for the lanes of Delhi?' Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: The City of Mushairas by Madhulika Liddle, The Indian Express) With reference to 'Doctrine of Lapse', consider the following statements: 1. It was introduced by Lord Dalhousie during his time as the Governor-General of India. 2. According to this doctrine, the adopted heir to the throne was not allowed to acquire the state, and the state automatically 'lapsed' into British dominion if the ruler died without any natural, biological heir. 3. The territories of Satara, Punjab, Sambalpur , and Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under it. Which of the above given statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 What is the Doctrine of Lapse? It was introduced by Lord Dalhousie during his time as the Governor-General of India (1848–56). According to this doctrine, the adopted heir to the throne was not allowed to acquire the state, and the state automatically 'lapsed' into British dominion if the ruler died without any natural, biological heir. The territories of Satara (1848), Punjab (1849), Sambalpur (1850), and Jhansi and Nagpur (1854) were annexed under it. Therefore, d is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Knowledge Nugget — Why Mangal Pandey's role in revolt of 1857 matters for your UPSC exam by Khushboo Kumari, UPSC Essentials, The Indian Express.) Mount Kailash and Lake Mansarovar are sacred to which of the following religious groups? 1. Hindus 2. Buddhists 3. Jains 4. Sikhs 5. Baháʼís Select the correct code: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 5 only After a five-year hiatus triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic and extended due to tensions between India and China, the Kailash-Mansarovar yatra has resumed in 2025. This year, the Ministry of External Affairs chose 750 pilgrims who would be making the storied pilgrimage: five batches of 50 yatris will cross into Tibet through the Lipulekh pass in Uttarakhand, and 10 batches of 50 pilgrims will make the longer but relatively easier journey through the Nathu La pass in Sikkim. The first batches of pilgrims on both routes are currently on their way. Kailash-Mansarovar: The mountain & the lakes With an elevation of 6,638 metres, Mount Kailash (Gang Rinpoche in Tibetan) is located in the Ngari Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region, near the tri-junction of India, Tibet and Nepal. To its south on the Tibetan plateau are two lakes: the freshwater Manasarovar (Mapam Yumtso) and saltwater Rakshastal (Lhanag Tso). Both lakes and the towering mountain in their background are significant in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Tibetan Bon traditions. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Kailash-Mansarovar yatra resumes after five years: history of a storied pilgrimage, Explained, The Indian Express.) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava is currently working as Senior Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and leads a unique initiative of IE - UPSC Essentials. He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
Indian Express
14-07-2025
- Politics
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise static quiz : History and Culture MCQs on ‘Frontier Gandhi', speeches by freedom fighters and more (Week 117)
Are you preparing for UPSC CSE Prelims? UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of daily subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on History and Culture to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for June 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at With reference to the freedom fighter Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, consider the following statements: 1. He started the newspaper Sudharak (The Reformer), which challenged both untouchability and casteism. 2. He along with Gopal Krishna Gokhale established the Deccan Educational Society in Pune. 3. He died while protesting against the Partition of Bengal. Which of the following statements is/are true? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 only (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Gopal Ganesh Agarkar started the newspaper Sudharak (The Reformer), which challenged both untouchability and casteism. He along with Tilak established the Deccan Educational Society in Pune. In 1895, he passed away. Partition of Bengal was announced in 1905 by Lord Curzon. Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Pune's Fergusson College gets university status) Consider the following statements: 1. In March 1942, a mission led by Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in India to meet with leaders of the Congress and the Muslim League, and despite the promise of 'the earliest possible realisation of self-government in India,' Cripps offered only dominion status—not full independence. 2. Prime Minister Winston Churchill reached out to Indian leaders for help in the Second World War efforts following pressure from President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, President Chiang Kai-shek of China, and leaders of the Labour Party in Britain. Which of the above given statements is/are true? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 In December 1941, Japan had attacked Britain's colonies in Asia, and advanced rapidly through Burma, the Malay peninsula, the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia), Singapore, and parts of Papua New Guinea, causing heavy losses, and taking huge numbers of prisoners of war. With the Japanese virtually on India's doorstep in the Northeast, and with Hitler's armies still holding the upper hand in the European and African theatres of the War, President Franklin D Roosevelt of the United States, President Chiang Kai-Shek of China, and leaders of the Labour Party in Britain built pressure on Prime Minister Winston Churchill to reach out to Indian leaders for help in the war effort. So, in March 1942, a mission led by Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in India to meet with leaders of the Congress and the Muslim League. Despite the promise of 'the earliest possible realisation of self-government in India', the offer that Cripps placed on the table was of Dominion Status — an autonomous community within the British Empire — rather than full independence. This was not acceptable to Gandhi and Nehru; more importantly, the Congress was opposed to a provision that allowed for the Partition of India. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Quit India — A short history of a 'Do or Die' national struggle, Explained, The Indian Express.) Who coined the slogans 'Quit India' and 'Simon go back'? (a) Louis Fischer (b) Hasrat Mohani (c) Ramkinkar Baij (d) Yusuf Meherally The slogan 'Quit India' While Gandhi gave the clarion call of Quit India, the slogan was coined by Yusuf Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist who also served as Mayor of Bombay. A few years ago, in 1928, it was Meherally who had coined the slogan 'Simon Go Back'. Therefore, d is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Explained: Recalling 'Quit India', when ordinary Indians took to the streets with a vow to 'Do or Die') Which freedom fighter wrote the book titled Diet and Diet Reform, The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism and Key to Health? (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Sarojini Naidu (c) Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (d) Dr. M.A. Ansari Gandhiji was known for his experiments with food. He also wrote books on food and health like Diet and Diet Reform, The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism and Key to Health. Apart from his followers, Gandhiji often advised others on what to eat. In 1936, Gandhiji made a diet chart for Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, one of his fiercest political opponents. In this chart, Gandhiji wrote: 'Leafy vegetables must be taken, better if taken as salads. Potatoes and starchy tubers should be taken sparingly. Garlic and onion in a raw state are strongly recommended in the West. I take raw garlic regularly for blood pressure. It is the best antitoxin for internal use. Dates are fine food for a healthy stomach, but raisins are more digestible. Tea and coffee I do not consider essential to health'. Therefore, a is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Gandhi at 150: A diet chart for Netaji and other interesting facts from the Mahatma's life) It is one of the ten Baha'i Houses of Worship in the world. The grand structure was designed by Iranian architect Fariborz Sahba and was completed in 1986. He derived the most important architectural feature from the Ajanta and Ellora Caves. Which monument is being referred to above? (a) Banaji Limji Agiary, Mumbai (b) Baha'i House of Worship, Bihar Sharif (c) The Lotus Temple, Delhi (d) None of the above The Baha'i have had a presence in India since the late 19th century. This unique community has found a new home in India among the spirit of peace and the tolerant ethos of the nation. The growing popularity of this peaceful religion can be observed from the fact that the 2011 Census of India recorded only 4,572 Baha'is, but it has been suggested that the number had surpassed 2 million by 2015. Today, the Lotus Temple in Delhi serves as the mother temple for all its activities in India and other centres in South Asia, such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan. India is also home to the Baha'i educational institutions located in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh through which they organise, promote and maintain their community. Recently, the ruling body declared a second site for a temple in India in Bihar Sharif, which will further promote their ideas of inclusion, peace and harmony. Trivia: · The grand structure was designed by an Iranian architect, Fariborz Sahba, and was completed in 1986. He derived the lotus motif from the Ajanta and Ellora Caves. · The Lotus Temple has nine sides, constructed using 27 independent petals made from marble in clusters of three. Counting the number of petals might be an interesting exercise. · The Lotus Temple in New Delhi can accommodate about 2,500 people. · The surface of the temple was built using Pentelikon marble from Greece, which was used in ancient monuments of Parthenon. · The Lotus Temple has won numerous awards for its architecture, including the GlobArt Academy 2000. · It is one of the 10 Baha'i Houses of Worship in the world. The others are located in Wilmette, Kampala, Sydney, Langenhain, Panama City, Tiapapata, Santiago, Battambang and Agua Azul. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer:Know Your Monument: Lotus Temple and the number nine, The Indian Express) Consider the following statements with reference to Khan Abdul Gaffar: 1. His life was dedicated to the social reform of the Pukhtuns and he continues to be revered across the world by them. 2. He is known for his close association with Mahatma Gandhi and his leadership of the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement from 1930-47 – one of the most successful and sustained Gandhian non-violent campaigns anywhere in the world. 3. Ghubar-e-Khatir (The Dust of Memories) is a collection of letters written by him. Which of the above given statements is/are true? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 His life was dedicated to the social reform of the Pukhtuns and he continues to be revered across the world by them. In India, he is known for his close association with Mahatma Gandhi and his leadership of the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement from 1930-47 – one of the most successful and sustained Gandhian non-violent campaigns anywhere in the world. Ghubar-e-Khatir (The Dust of Memories) is a collection of letters written by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Therefore, a is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Frontier Gandhi's autobiography released in English) Consider the following statements: 1. Subhash Chandra Bose speech, 'Give me blood and I promise you freedom' was delivered in Burma to the members of his Indian National Army in 1944 2. Gandhi's iconic speech, which began with 'The light has gone out of our lives,' was delivered after the Jallianwalabagh tragedy. Which of the above given statements is/are true? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. India's iconic freedom fighter Subhash Chandra Bose or Netaji was known for his rousing, motivational speeches. His speech, 'Give me blood and I promise you freedom', delivered in Burma to the members of his Indian National Army in 1944, is among the most popular. 2. On January 30 in 1948, Mahatma Gandhi was shot dead. Gandhi had left his room at New Delhi's Birla House for a prayer meeting, a little after 5 pm, running late. As he made his way through the crowd, a young man walked up and greeted him. Even as Gandhi replied, the man fired three bullets straight into the frail body. The old man fell, 'Hey Ram' on his lips. The next few hours saw an outpouring of grief and confusion across the nation. At Birla House, crowds swelled, pressing at the gates. Jawaharlal Nehru, who had arrived only after his guru and mentor had breathed his last, came out to speak to the crowds. That speech has not been recorded. We know only that Nehru broke down thrice while he spoke. But soon after, the Prime Minister addressed the nation on All India Radio, speaking beautifully, movingly, about the man Indians had lost, and his teaching they needed to remember. This iconic speech began with 'The light has gone out of our lives'. Therefore, a is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's famous speech 'Give me blood, I promise you freedom' ; This Quote Means: On Gandhi's death anniversary, remembering Nehru's iconic speech, 'the light has gone out of our lives') The 'Dancing Girl' figurine of the Indus Valley Civilization was first discovered by which of the following archaeologists: (a) Rafique Mughal (b) R.D. Banerji (c) Ernest McKay (d) Sir Mortimer Wheeler Discovering the Dancing Girl The Indus Civilisation (3300-1300 BC with its mature stage dated to 2600-1900 BC), also known as the Harappa-Mohenjodaro Civilisation, had been long forgotten till its discovery was announced in 1924. While sites and artefacts from the civilisation were in discussion since the early 19th century, it was not until the 1920s that they were correctly dated and recognised as part of a full-fledged ancient civilisation, much like the ones in Mesopotamia and Egypt. After the initial recognition as an ancient civilisation, a spate of excavations were conducted in the two major sites that were known till then – Harappa and Mohenjodaro. The Dancing Girl was discovered in one such excavation in 1926, by British archaeologist Ernest McKay in a ruined house in the 'ninth lane' of the 'HR area' of Mohenjodaro's citadel. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer:What Mohenjodaro's Dancing Girl figurine tells us about the prehistoric civilisation) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava is currently working as Senior Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and leads a unique initiative of IE - UPSC Essentials. He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
Indian Express
23-06-2025
- General
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise quiz: History and Culture MCQs on Indian architecture, terms from Buddhism, and more (Week 115)
Are you preparing for UPSC CSE Prelims? UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of daily subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on History and Culture to check your progress. Bālapañjara in the ancient temple architecture refers to: (a) sanctum (b) horseshoe arch (c) south Indian shrine (d) none of the above The Nāgara superstructure incorporated the āmalaka (fluted bulbous capstone of a Nāgara śikhara), gavākṣa (cow's eye motif or horseshoe arch), and bālapañjara (nāsī-roofed cage aedicule) over pillarlets. The Draviḍian vimāna (south Indian shrine) featured kūṭa (domed aedicule), śālā, (wagon-vault roofed aedicule), and bālapañjara. Therefore, d is the correct answer. (For more, refer: How Indian temple architecture is rooted in art, religion, and politics by Ajeya Vajpayee, The Indian Express) In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided: Assertion (A): The presiding deity of Chalukya king Vijayāditya at Pattadakal Sangamesvara was called Śrī-Vijayēśvara-Bhaṭṭāraka. Reason (R): Rulers named the presiding deities after themselves to assert their divine kingship. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true Temples were often patronised by powerful kings to revere their favourite deity as well as assert, consolidate, and legitimise their overlordship over an existing or new domain. For example, Rajaraja Cola built the Thanjavur Brihadesvara temple to assert his supremacy over the region. Rulers also named the presiding deities after themselves to assert their divine kingship. For example, the presiding deity of Chalukya king Vijayāditya at Pattadakal Sangamesvara was called Śrī-Vijayēśvara-Bhaṭṭāraka. Therefore, a is the correct answer. (For more, refer: How Indian temple architecture is rooted in art, religion, and politics by Ajeya Vajpayee, The Indian Express) Where did Mahatma Gandhi deliver his famous 'Do or Die' speech? (a) Ahmedabad (b) Mumbai (c) Sevagram (d) Johannesburg On August 8, 1942, Mahatma Gandhi addressed the people in the Gowalia Tank Maidan (now known as August Kranti Maidan), Bombay (Mumbai) where he delivered his famous 'Do or Die' speech. Therefore, b is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Quit India Movement –A fight for freedom from British rule, Aakanksha Jha, The Indian Express) Which of the following Viceroys of India was associated with the 'August Offer'? (a) Lord Linlithgow (b) Lord Mountbatten (c) Lord Irwin (d) Lord Dufferin In the exhausting summer of 1942, an even more exhaustive talk was underway in Delhi between Indian freedom fighters and a mission led by Sir Stafford Cripps. The mission was sent by then British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to secure India's support for the Second World War. Before Cripps, Lord Linlithgow, then Viceroy of India, made what is known as the 'August offer' in 1940 and proposed dominion status to India but with veto power to the Muslim League and other minority leaders. Therefore, a is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Quit India Movement –A fight for freedom from British rule, Aakanksha Jha, The Indian Express) She co-edited a newspaper called Inquilab with Lohia. Post-independence, she left the Congress for the Communist Party of India. There, she founded the National Federation of Indian Women – the women's wing of the Communist Party of India. Who is she referred to in the above lines? (a) Begum Nishatunnisa Mohani (b) Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (c) Aruna Asaf Ali (d) Purnima Banerjee Aruna co-edited a newspaper called 'Inquilab' with Lohia and continued to struggle till 1946. Gandhi, particularly moved by her determination, wanted her to surrender. He wrote, 'I have been filled with admiration for your courage and heroism. You are reduced to a skeleton. Do come out and surrender yourself and win the prize offered for your arrest. Reserve the prize money for the Harijan (untouchables') cause.' Aruna, determined towards her socialist training only surrendered after the prize money over her was removed. Even after resurfacing and courting arrest, Aruna continued to voice her political opinions by supporting the Royal Indian Navy mutiny of HMIS (His Majesty's Indian Ship) Talwar. Post-independence, Aruna left the Congress for the Communist Party of India. There she created the 'National Federation of Indian Women'- women's wing of Communist Party of India. Aruna lost her husband in 1953. Asaf Ali by this time was the first ambassador to the United States from India. Although this role would have taken Aruna close to the Capitalist camp in the Cold War world, she chose to remain close to her ideological moorings. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Quit India Movement –A fight for freedom from British rule, Aakanksha Jha, The Indian Express) What does the term vevanniyanti, as seen in Buddhism, refer to? (a) working for the benefit of others (b) the process whereby suffering arises and how it can be brought to cessation (c) intentions and actions have consequences (d) one who is devoid of varna The Buddha's dream of four birds of different types and colours flying in from four directions and sitting at his feet is often interpreted as symbolically showing that all varnas were part of Buddhism. Buddha also stated that anyone who joins the Sangha or the Buddhist monastic order becomes a vevanniyanti – one who is devoid of varna. Therefore, d is the correct answer. (For more, refer: How Buddhism shows the path to nirvana, Sreekala M V, The Indian Express) Consider the following statements: 1. Vaibhāsika and Sautrāntika are the philosophical sects of Hinayāna. 2. Yogācāra and Mādhyamika are the philosophical sects of Mahāyāna. Which of the statements given above is/are true? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. It is the conservative and orthodox form of Buddhism. Notably, followers of the older tradition described themselves as Theravadins, that is, those who followed the path of old, respected teachers, the theras. 2. It is spread in south and south-east Asia. Vaibhāsika and Sautrāntika are the philosophical sects of Hinayāna. 3. It emphasizes the historical existence of a single Buddha, Gautama Shakyamuni and upholds Buddha's original doctrines and disciplines. It believes in individual salvation through self-discipline and meditation. 4. Scriptures were written in the Pali language. Emperor Ashoka played a significant role in spreading Theravada Buddhism. 1. Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 1st century CE, and its doctrines were further developed during the Fourth Buddhist Council convened by Kanishka in Kashmir. 2. It emphasises the concept of Bodhisattvas. Bodhisattvas were perceived as deeply compassionate beings who accumulated merit through their efforts but used this not to attain nibbana and thereby abandon the world but to help others. 3. Mahāyāna is prevalent in north and north-east Asia. Yogācāra and Mādhyamika are the philosophical sects of Mahāyāna. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Knowledge Nugget | Conclave on Buddhism: Must-know teachings, paths, and sects of Buddhism for UPSC Exam, Roshni Yadav, The Indian Express) Who used the term 'Pakistan' for the first time in 1933? (a) Muhammad Ali Jinnah (b) Allama Iqbal (c) Choudhary Rehmat Ali (d) None of the above Muhammad Ali Jinnah is remembered as the founder of Pakistan, its 'Qaid e Azam', or the 'Great Leader.' He led a movement that transformed a weak idea of a sovereign Islamic state in British India's north western provinces into reality, thus shaping the subcontinent's politics for generations to come. But he was not the first to come up with the idea of Pakistan, nor was he its original champion. Instead, the man who did, is today relegated to a footnote in the history of the subcontinent. Choudhary Rehmat Ali can be credited with coining the 'term' Pakistan, styling himself as the 'Founder of the Pakistan National Movement'. On January 28, 1933, he released a pamphlet titled 'Now or Never: Are we to live or perish forever'. In it he made a vehement 'appeal on behalf of the thirty million Muslims of PAKISTAN, who live in the five Northern Units of India… for the recognition of their national status, as distinct from the other inhabitants of India, by the grant to Pakistan of a separate Federal Constitution on religious, social and historical grounds.' According to many historians, this can be seen as the genesis of the very idea of Pakistan; an idea which would become mainstream by the 1940s. Therefore, c is the correct answer. (For more, refer: Do you know who used 'Pakistan' for the first time on this day in 1933? No, it wasn't Jinnah, Arjun Sengupta, The Indian Express.) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava is currently working as Senior Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and leads a unique initiative of IE - UPSC Essentials. He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than four years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'You Ask We Answer'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
NDTV
17-06-2025
- General
- NDTV
UPSC Civil Services (Main) Exam 2025 Registration Begins, Check Key Details
UPSC CSE Mains Registration 2025: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has started the registration process for the Civil Services Examination Mains (CSE Mains) 2025. Candidates who have qualified the prelims are eligible to apply. This year, a total of 14,161 candidates have cleared the UPSC CSE Prelims. To register, prelims-qualified candidates must visit the official website, and fill out the the detailed application form (DAF). The last date to submit the application is June 25. The UPSC CSE Mains is scheduled to begin on August 22 and will be conducted over five consecutive days. General category candidates are required to pay an application fee of Rs 200, while candidates belonging to SC, ST, PwBD categories, and all female candidates are exempted from the fee. UPSC CSE Mains 2025: How To Apply Visit the official UPSC websites: or Locate and access the Detailed Application Form (DAF) link. Sign in using the registration ID and password generated during the prelims application process. Enter personal details such as name, date of birth, and category. Fill in academic details and upload relevant documents. Provide employment details, if applicable - including job title, description, organisation name, duration, and responsibilities. Choose your preferred services by arranging them in order of priority. Enter additional personal information such as hobbies and achievements. Upload necessary documents, including a recent passport-size photograph, scanned signature, and a valid government-issued photo ID. Before final submission, review all entered details carefully. Submit the DAF along with the application fee (if applicable). If there has been a name change, applicants must upload a copy of the official gazette notification for verification. The UPSC CSE Prelims 2025 results are now available on the official website. The result PDF includes name and roll numbers of the qualified candidates. The Commission will release the marks, cutoff scores, and answer keys for the Civil Services and Indian Forest Service Prelims only after the completion of the entire selection process and the declaration of the final results.
