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The Mainichi
24-05-2025
- Business
- The Mainichi
What do rice varieties imported to Japan taste like? Appraiser says they're all good
TOKYO -- As rice prices remain high in Japan amid shortages, imported rice has become a more common sight in supermarkets. While it is indeed cheaper than domestic rice, how does it reach store shelves, and how does it taste? Over 10% cheaper than domestic rice Major supermarket chain Seiyu, headquartered in Musashino, Tokyo, began selling "Musubi no Sato," a Taiwanese short-grain rice variety similar to Japanese rice, in 5-kilogram bags from November 2024. As of mid-May 2025, the price was 3,769 yen (about $26) including tax, more than 10% cheaper than the average for domestic rice. Sales have apparently been strong, with a spokesperson commenting, "Amid rising rice and commodity prices, we considered a wide range of options. We decided to offer this product because its flavor and texture are close to those of Japanese rice." The "rice panic," where rice disappeared from store shelves, occurred in the summer of 2024. Shortages persisted even after the harvest season in autumn, and prices remain high despite the government releasing stockpiled rice. According to the agriculture ministry, the average price of rice sold in supermarkets nationwide from May 5 to 11 was 4,268 yen (around $30) per 5 kg, including tax. This was a 54-yen (approx. 40 cents) increase from the previous week and more than twice the price of the same period last year, which was 2,108 yen. Now, relatively inexpensive imported rice has become more prominent in stores. Expansion of private-sector imports The Japanese government imports about 770,000 metric tons of rice annually with zero tariffs under the "minimum access" quota based on the 1993 Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Major import partners include the United States, Thailand, Australia and China, with about 100,000 tons designated for staple food use. The rest is used for processed foods like rice crackers or as feedstuff. Although the staple portions often went unsold at government auctions, all of it was successfully auctioned off in fiscal 2024 for the first time in seven years. The Taiwanese rice sold by Seiyu is also sourced through this framework. Recently, beyond the minimum access framework, trading companies among others are increasingly importing rice at a tariff of 341 yen (about $2.40) per kilogram. According to the ministry, private-sector imports expanded from 250 tons in fiscal 2019 to 991 tons in fiscal 2024 as of the end of January 2025. Kobe-based Shinmei Holdings Co., which is Japan's largest rice wholesaler and also counts a sushi chain among its group companies, had not imported rice before but plans to import 20,000 tons of American rice in fiscal 2025 for both business and retail sales. Retail giant Aeon Co., headquartered in Chiba, will also start selling a new product called "Karoyaka," 100% American rice imported outside the minimum access quota, mainly in urban areas starting June 6. It will be priced at 2,894 yen (roughly $20) for 4 kg, including tax. Imports not well accepted during 1993 panic Meanwhile, imported rice reminds many people in Japan of the rice panic of 1993, when the domestic crop failed drastically. At that time, rice from countries like the United States, China and Thailand was urgently imported and appeared on store shelves, but was not accepted well by consumers. Will the Reiwa-era rice crisis lead to a similar situation? "They're all sending good rice," says Hideyuki Suzuki, chairperson of the Japanese Association of Rice Taste Appraisers, headquartered in Osaka. The association annually holds the "International Contest on Rice Taste Evaluation" to compare the taste of newly harvested rice, with about 5,000 entries in the 26th edition in fiscal 2024. Suzuki, who has appraised rice from countries including the United States, Australia, China, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam, in addition to Japan, emphasizes, "Rice from each production region has its own characteristics." Japan is known for its short-grain Japonica variety, characterized by its stickiness. It has a thick "umami layer" on the surface, making it shine when cooked. It retains moisture, so it doesn't harden over time, making it ideal for eating plain, Suzuki says. Short-grain varieties from China and Taiwan have almost the same characteristics as Japanese rice. In contrast, short-grain rice from South Korea has a lighter flavor, apparently making it easier to eat with rice bowls with toppings as the broth soaks into the rice. Long-grain varieties from Thailand and China have less moisture, making them suitable for pilafs and curries. They are also delicious when made into risotto with the core of the grain slightly undercooked. Medium-grain varieties, common in the United States and Australia, have a certain chewiness. Suzuki advises, "It's not that they're 'hard,' but they're ideal for those who want to enjoy the 'grainy' texture." Choosing based on more than just price According to the agriculture ministry, domestic demand for staple rice from July 2023 to June 2024 was 7.05 million tons. While staple rice from the minimum access quota accounts for about 100,000 tons annually, imported rice remains a small portion but may become more familiar in the future. Suzuki explains, "We always eat the world's best rice, which is Japanese, but we may be entering an era where rice from around the world becomes available. Instead of buying just because it's cheap, we should be wise in choosing, such as by having the knowledge to cook according to each rice variety's characteristics."
Time of India
03-05-2025
- Business
- Time of India
Trump's divide & prosper mantra, and how India can strategise
Game On: US will be in a hurry to do deals before US consumers feel the pinch of tariffs The assault on the global trading regime by US President Donald Trump, especially through the reciprocal tariffs announced on April 2, provides a fertile ground for examining negotiating strategies. It is common knowledge within the trade policy community that the US failed to secure most of its negotiating objectives in the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations at the WTO, which commenced in 2001. On many issues of its interest, it was repeatedly checkmated by multiple coalitions of developing countries. The reciprocal tariffs were, thus, a bid to compel recalcitrant countries, such as India, Indonesia, Brazil, South Africa etc. to come to the negotiating table. With most countries keen on preserving their export prospects in the US market, they are likely to be agreeable to the US demands, many of which they had previously resisted at the WTO. Further, by shifting the negotiations from the WTO to a bilateral forum, Trump has reduced the possibility of developing countries banding into coalitions to oppose the reciprocal tariffs. Divide and prosper is the mantra for success behind forum shifting. In an attempt at diminishing the economic prospects of China, against which the big stick may not be effective, Trump is resorting to brinkmanship. With China not showing any sign of backing off, Trump's strategy is likely to centre around finding a face-saving solution. Else his credibility could take a hit, which might even encourage some of the larger developing countries to think twice before offering concessions to the US in their bilateral negotiations. It is relevant to note that by focusing on high tariffs of India and many other developing countries, Trump appears to have won the battle of perception. No doubt, the tariffs of the US are substantially lower than those prevailing in many countries. However, this is directly related to the outcome of the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations , which entitled many developing countries to maintain high tariffs. The success of issue framing can be gauged from the reality that most commentators do not even make a passing reference to Trump's tariffs being illegal, even though they breach multiple commitments of the US at the WTO. Where does India find itself in this web of negotiating strategies? Trump has said that America's tariff negotiations with India are 'coming along great,' and a trade deal with New Delhi may happen soon. But even before the US imposed reciprocal tariffs, the two countries had decided to initiate negotiations for a bilateral trade agreement. India is likely to use this opportunity to seek reduction in tariffs imposed on it and perhaps also for securing new market access in labour-intensive products. Given the asymmetry in the economic and political clout between India and the US, India may be compelled to bargain on terms set by the US. However, there could be a deadlock at the negotiating table if the US insists on extracting concessions from India in sensitive areas such as govt procurement, agriculture and intellectual property rights. What strategy should India adopt for grappling with such an eventuality? While India engages in bilateral negotiation with the US, it must not forego the possibility of collectively working with other countries for protecting and promoting its trade interest vis-a-vis the US. India must also work towards preventing a power-based regime from replacing the rules-based trade order. This would strengthen its hands in bilateral negotiations and also increase its options. Overall, multiple negotiating strategies appear to be at play behind the US tariffs. While Trump seeks to leverage his country's asymmetric power at the negotiating table, whether the strategies will succeed is likely to depend on how his administration exploits two other ingredients for negotiating success — information and time. By negotiating separately and simultaneously with many countries, the US has positioned itself to have complete information about the concessions being put on the table by various countries. Most countries are likely to be unaware of what concessions others are offering to the US. The US is likely to exploit this situation of significant information asymmetry for extracting maximum concession from others, while conceding little ground itself. Further, from the perspective of US strategy, it is essential that countries are rushed into concluding the bilateral negotiations before US consumers start feeling the pain of empty retail shelves. Time may also be of essence in containing further uncertainty in financial markets. This might explain the rationale for the US seeking to conclude many bilateral negotiations within the 90-day period. The coming few months are likely to provide a fascinating glimpse of whether the strategies being deployed by the US help it in securing what it aspired for during the Doha Round and maybe much more. The author is an international trade expert and author of the recently published book 'Strategies in GATT and WTO Negotiations '. Views are personal.
Hindustan Times
22-04-2025
- Business
- Hindustan Times
Chandigarh: US tariffs targeting developing nations illegal, says expert
The reciprocal tariffs imposed by the USA on developing countries are in violation of the international trade law, said Abhijit Das, international trade expert, at a session here on Monday. Themed 'Trump's tariff hike: The big picture and implications for India', the discussion was organised by the Institute for Development and Communication in collaboration with Chandigarh University in Sector 38-A. Das said the Uruguay Round (1986-93) that led to the creation of the World Trade Organisation had provided leverage to developing countries to impose higher tariffs on developed countries to give them hope for development. Therefore, Trump's claim to put trade restrictions on developing countries to have trade balance between nations is baseless, he said. For India, it is going to be difficult to negotiate with bilateral trade ties with the USA as the Trump government has a long list of grievances from India, Das added. The tariff hike is in alignment with a broader trend of economic nationalism, marked by the assertion of militaristic power in trade policy, experts mentioned. Atul Sood from Jawaharlal Nehru University argued that such protectionist measures are not only exclusionary but also structurally disadvantageous to emerging economies like India, which face limited negotiating power and increased vulnerability in an increasingly polarised global economic order. The panellists agreed that tariff war had the potential to restructure the global order. The resulting tariff wars are reshaping comparative advantages, disrupting supply chains and generating uncertainty across international markets. For India, this evolving landscape presents both opportunities and challenges—ranging from recalibrated trade negotiations with the US to the need for strategic alignment amid rising protectionism and inflationary pressures worldwide, the panellists mentioned. The session was chaired by Pramod Kumar, chairperson, IDC.
Yahoo
21-04-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Opinion: Trump tariffs part of a longer-term trend
'Individual ambition serves the common good,' wrote Adam Smith, masterful 18th-century analyst of the emerging Industrial Revolution. Free trade that is also fair trade reinforces the modern division of labor. From early in World War II, the United States led a broad movement toward freer trade that has been the foundation of our unprecedented postwar prosperity. That may be changing. President Donald Trump's tariff moves are distinctively dramatic, but are part of a longer-term trend. Protectionism has been growing since the last phase of the Obama administration. The administration's Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) treaty negotiations initially garnered strong bipartisan support, but 2016 Democratic Party presidential nominee Hillary Clinton and others ultimately opposed the treaty. Eventually, the TPP and the similar Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA) were sidelined. These regional negotiations followed several important bilateral trade agreements. In 2011, after four years' delay, the U.S. Congress ratified free trade agreements with Colombia, Panama and South Korea. Approval was timed to coincide with the visit of South Korean President Lee Myung-bak. The largest bilateral trade agreement in history ended tariffs on more than 90% of trade categories between the two nations. South Korea reflects other Asian economies in abandoning previous protectionism designed to shelter promising but weak domestic enterprises. Following the Korean War, the nation was among the poorest in the world, but today ranks among the richest and most productive economies in the world. These trade agreements also generated bipartisan congressional support. Normally warring Democrats and Republicans found temporary consensus on international trade. After World War II, regular comprehensive international negotiations greatly expanded trade in both goods and services. The limited Dillon Round during the Eisenhower administration was followed by the Kennedy Round, a comprehensive reduction in trade barriers completed in 1967. Sentimental but also substantive reasons led to naming these breakthrough negotiations for the assassinated president, who initiated the effort and secured fast track authority from Congress. The landmark Kennedy achievement was followed by the Tokyo Round, completed in the 1970s, and the Uruguay Round in the 1980s. The Uruguay Round during the Reagan administration, spearheaded by U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter, was a major success. The current Doha Round, expanded to include developing nations, is stalled by vexing agriculture issues separating Africa and Europe. In 1944 at Bretton Woods New Hampshire, in the midst of global war, the Allies hammered out the post-war economic structure, to operate under the UN — the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), enacted in 1948, became the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Functions of the institutions have changed, but the structures have proven remarkably durable. Those leaders planned long-term. The original United Nations vision was in the Atlantic Charter, announced by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt after their epic Newfoundland summit several months before the attack on Pearl Harbor. In his comprehensive history of the Second World War, Churchill notes that he wrote the first draft of the Charter. Adam Smith and others realized free trade was related to political freedom. His classic 'The Wealth of Nations' was published in 1776, the same year the American Revolution began. Trump's tariffs hearken back to an earlier period, when the modern U.S. economy was emerging. Economic realities are different now. Protectionist trends are present, but powerful international realities have not changed.
Chicago Tribune
15-04-2025
- Business
- Chicago Tribune
Column: Donald Trump's tariffs part of long-term trend
'Individual ambition serves the common good,' wrote Adam Smith, masterful 18th-century analyst of the emerging Industrial Revolution. Free trade that is also fair trade reinforces the modern division of labor. From early in World War II, the United States led a broad movement toward freer trade that has been the foundation of our unprecedented postwar prosperity. That may be changing. President Donald Trump's tariff moves are distinctively dramatic but are part of a longer-term trend. Protectionism has been growing since the last phase of the Obama administration. The administration's Transpacific Partnership (TPP) treaty negotiations initially garnered strong bipartisan support, but 2016 Democratic Party presidential nominee Hillary Clinton and others ultimately opposed the treaty. Eventually, the TPP and the similar Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA) were sidelined. These regional negotiations followed several important bilateral trade agreements. In 2011, after a four-year delay, the U.S. Congress ratified free trade agreements with Colombia, Panama and South Korea. Approval was timed to coincide with the visit of South Korean President Lee Myung-bak. The largest bilateral trade agreement in history ended tariffs on more than 90% of trade categories between the two nations. South Korea reflects other Asia economies in abandoning previous protectionism designed to shelter promising but weak domestic enterprises. Following the Korean War, the nation was among the poorest in the world, but today ranks among the richest and most productive economies in the world. These trade agreements also generated bipartisan congressional support. Normally warring Democrats and Republicans found temporary consensus on international trade. After World War II, regular comprehensive international negotiations greatly expanded trade in both goods and services. The limited Dillon Round during the Eisenhower administration was followed by the Kennedy Round, a comprehensive reduction in trade barriers completed in 1967. Sentimental but also substantive reasons led to naming these breakthrough negotiations for the assassinated president, who initiated the effort and secured fast-track authority from Congress. The landmark Kennedy achievement was followed by the Tokyo Round completed in the 1970s, and the Uruguay Round in the 1980s. The Uruguay Round during the Reagan administration, spearheaded by U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter, was a major success. The current Doha Round, expanded to include developing nations, is stalled by vexing agriculture issues separating Africa and Europe. In 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the midst of global war, the Allies hammered out the post-war economic structure, to operate under the UN, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), formed in 1948, became the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The functions of the institutions have changed, but the structures have proven remarkably durable. Those leaders planned long-term. The original United Nations vision was in the Atlantic Charter, announced by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt after their epic Newfoundland summit several months before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The British leader, in his comprehensive history of the Second World War, notes that he wrote the first draft of the charter. Adam Smith and others realized that free trade was related to political freedom. His classic, 'The Wealth of Nations,' was published in 1776, the same year the American Revolution began. Trump's tariffs harken back to an earlier period, when the modern U.S. economy was emerging. Economic realities are different now. Protectionist trends are present, but powerful international realities also have not changed.
