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RTÉ News
24-07-2025
- Science
- RTÉ News
UCC palaeontologists discover new fossil reptile species
An international team of researchers, including palaeontologists at University College Cork (UCC), has discovered a new species of fossil reptile from the Triassic period that had a large crest made of complex plume-like structures - long before modern-type feathers evolved. The 247-million-year-old Mirasaura grauvogeli, from the Grès à Voltzia locality in northeastern France, had a bizarre showy plume of long outer layer structures. These share similarities with feathers, despite existing 70 million years before the oldest fossil feathers. The research, published today in the journal Nature, includes UCC palaeontologists Prof Maria McNamara, Dr Valentina Rossi and Dr Tiffany Slater. The study was led by an international team from Germany, Italy, France and the USA. The UCC team analysed the fossil outer layer structures, using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray analyses. The fossil tissue is rich in cell organelles that contain melanin pigments that are common in skin, hair, feathers and internal organs of fossil and modern vertebrate animals. The team in Cork discovered that the melanosomes in Mirasaura are similar in shape to those in feathers, but not mammal hair or reptilian skin. "We know that in modern animals, melanosome shape is closely linked to tissue type," said Dr Rossi. "We can therefore be confident that the Mirasaura structures share some common developmental features with feathers". Unlike feathers in modern birds, however, the Mirasaura structures lack branching, showing instead a simple long, medial feature that superficially resembles the shaft of modern bird feathers. "We were looking in the right time window, but we were shocked to find long integumentary structures in a completely different group of ancient reptiles," said Prof McNamara. "The next step is to consider the effects of fossilisation. "By integrating this with more detailed characterisation of the fossil tissues, we will learn more about the shared history of the Mirasaura structures and other structures, such as feathers." Dr Slater said: "It's amazing - this creature forces us back to the drawing board for when feather-like structures first evolved. Mirasaura reveals a deeper, more complex evolutionary story than we ever expected."
Irish Times
23-07-2025
- Science
- Irish Times
Irish university central to discovery of ancient reptile that forces evolution rethink
A newly discovered reptile has led scientists 'back to the drawing board' on feather evolution. Although existing 70 million years before the oldest fossil feathers, the Mirasaura grauvogeli has long outer layer structures which share similarities with feathers. Originating from Grès à Voltzia in northeastern France, these reptiles had a large crest of plume-like structures, similar to how modern-day feathers look. Palaeontologists at University College Cork (UCC), along with an international team of researchers from Germany , Italy , France and the USA , discovered the new species of fossil reptile from the Triassic period, which ended around 201 million years ago. Professor Maria McNamara, leader of the UCC team and co-author of the study, told The Irish Times that the fossils were 'originally discovered in the 1930s by an amateur, Louis Grauvogel', who retained and protected them during the second World War. READ MORE Prof Maria McNamara and Dr Valentina Rossi with a fossil specimen showing the Mirasaura crest. Photograph: UCC 'They were kind of rediscovered by the family in an old drawer' and 'donated to the Stuttgart museum of national history', she said. The team at UCC, made up of Prof McNamara, Dr Valentina Rossi and Dr Tiffany Slater, were asked to analyse the soft tissues of the specimen. They examined the fossil's outer layer using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray analyses. The microscope used by the UCC team allowed them to examine the sample without applying any conductive coating (such as metal or gold), which usually improves the imaging of samples. 'Our electron microscope allows us to put in whole big fossils without coating them', so 'it doesn't damage the specimens in any way', said Prof McNamara. The synchrotron X-ray analysis told the researchers of the chemical composition of the fossil. They found the fossil's soft tissues were rich in copper, which is a common element associated with feathers. The holotype of Mirasaura showing the bird-like skull and the crest along the back. Credit: Stephan Spiekman The team also found the fossil tissue was rich in preserved melanosomes (cell organelles that contain melanin pigments), which are common in the feathers, skin, hair and internal organs of fossil and modern vertebrate animals. They discovered that the melanosomes in Mirasaura are similar in shape to those in feathers, but not mammal hair or reptilian skin. 'We know that in modern animals, melanosome shape is closely linked to tissue type,' said Dr Rossi. 'We can therefore be confident that the Mirasaura structures share some common developmental features with feathers.' Dr Slater said the discovery 'forces us back to the drawing board for when feather-like structures first evolved'. She added: 'Mirasaura reveals a deeper, more complex evolutionary story than we ever expected.' Prof McNamara said this discovery 'suggests there is the very real possibility other ancient reptiles were evolving very showy plumes', which is 'really exciting'. She added that such discoveries would not be possible 'if those specimens remained in private hands'. 'Because these specimens were donated to a public institution, it's only then that they became accessible to scientists, and only because of that goodwill that we are able to make these really ground-breaking discoveries,' she said.
