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Yahoo
31-07-2025
- Yahoo
‘Just a jumble of bones.' How a baby grave discovery has grown to haunt Ireland
Ireland Baby Mass Graves TUAM, Ireland (AP) — This story begins with a forbidden fruit. It was the 1970s in this small town in the west of Ireland when an orchard owner chased off two boys stealing his apples. The youngsters avoided being caught by clambering over the stone wall of the derelict Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home. When they landed, they discovered a dark secret that has grown to haunt Ireland. One of the boys, Franny Hopkins, remembers the hollow sound as his feet hit the ground. He and Barry Sweeney pushed back some briars to reveal a concrete slab they pried open. 'There was just a jumble of bones,' Hopkins said. 'We didn't know if we'd found a treasure or a nightmare.' Hopkins didn't realize they'd found a mass unmarked baby grave in a former septic tank — in a town whose name is derived from the Irish word meaning burial place. It took four decades and a persistent local historian to unearth a more troubling truth that led this month to the start of an excavation that could exhume the remains of almost 800 infants and young children. The Tuam grave has compelled a broader reckoning that extends to the highest levels of government in Dublin and the Vatican. Ireland and the Catholic Church, once central to its identity, are grappling with the legacy of ostracizing unmarried women who they believed committed a mortal sin and separating them from children left at the mercy of a cruel system. An unlikely investigator Word of Hopkins' discovery may never have traveled beyond what is left of the home's walls if not for the work of Catherine Corless, a homemaker with an interest in history. Corless, who grew up in town and vividly remembers children from the home being shunned at school, set out to write an article about the site for the local historical society. But she soon found herself chasing ghosts of lost children. 'I thought I was doing a nice story about orphans and all that, and the more I dug, the worse it was getting,' she said. Mother and baby homes were not unique to Ireland, but the church's influence on social values magnified the stigma on women and girls who became pregnant outside marriage. The homes were opened in the 1920s after Ireland won its independence from Britain. Most were run by Catholic nuns. In Tuam's case, the mother and baby home opened in a former workhouse built in the 1840s for poor Irish where many famine victims died. It had been taken over by British troops during the Irish Civil War of 1922-23. Six members of an Irish Republican Army faction that opposed the treaty ending the war were executed there in 1923. Two years later, the imposing three-story gray buildings on the outskirts of town reopened as a home for expectant and young mothers and orphans. It was run for County Galway by the Bon Secours Sisters, a Catholic order of nuns. The buildings were primitive, poorly heated with running water only in the kitchen and maternity ward. Large dormitories housed upward of 200 children and 100 mothers at a time. Corless found a dearth of information in her local library but was horrified to learn that women banished by their families were essentially incarcerated there. They worked for up to a year before being cast out — most of them forever separated from their children. So deep was the shame of being pregnant outside marriage that women were often brought there surreptitiously. Peter Mulryan, who grew up in the home, learned decades later that his mother was six months pregnant when she was taken by bicycle from her home under the cover of darkness. The local priest arranged it after telling her father she was 'causing a scandal in the parish.' Mothers and their children carried that stigma most of their lives. But there was no accountability for the men who got them pregnant, whether by romantic encounter, rape or incest. More shocking, though, was the high number of deaths Corless found. When she searched the local cemetery for a plot for the home's babies, she found nothing. Long-lost brothers Around the time Corless was unearthing the sad history, Anna Corrigan was in Dublin discovering a secret of her own. Corrigan, raised as an only child, vaguely remembered a time as a girl when her uncle was angry at her mother and blurted out that she had given birth to two sons. To this day, she's unsure if it's a memory or dream. While researching her late father's traumatic childhood confined in an industrial school for abandoned, orphaned or troubled children, she asked a woman helping her for any records about her deceased mom. Corrigan was devastated when she got the news: before she was born, her mother had two boys in the Tuam home. 'I cried for brothers I didn't know, because now I had siblings, but I never knew them,' she said. Her mother never spoke a word about it. A 1947 inspection record provided insights to a crowded and deadly environment. Twelve of 31 infants in a nursery were emaciated. Other children were described as 'delicate,' 'wasted,' or with 'wizened limbs.' Corrigan's brother, John Dolan, weighed almost 9 pounds when he was born but was described as 'a miserable, emaciated child with voracious appetite and no control over his bodily functions, probably mental defective.' He died two months later in a measles outbreak. Despite a high death rate, the report said infants were well cared for and diets were excellent. Corrigan's brother, William, was born in May 1950 and listed as dying about eight months later. There was no death certificate, though, and his date of birth was altered on the ledger, which was sometimes done to mask adoptions, Corrigan said. Ireland was very poor at the time and infant mortality rates were high. Some 9,000 babies — or 15% — died in 18 mother and baby homes that were open as late as 1998, a government commission found. In the 1930s and 1940s, more than 40% of children died some years in the homes before their first birthday. Tuam recorded the highest death percentage before closing in 1961. Nearly a third of the children died there. In a hunt for graves, the cemetery caretaker led Corless across the street to the neighborhood and playground where the home once stood. A well-tended garden with flowers, a grotto and Virgin Mary statue was walled off in the corner. It was created by a couple living next door to memorialize the place Hopkins found the bones. Some were thought to be famine remains. But that was before Corless discovered the garden sat atop the septic tank installed after the famine. She wondered if the nuns had used the tank as a convenient burial place after it went out of service in 1937, hidden behind the home's 10-foot-high walls. 'It saved them admitting that so, so many babies were dying,' she said. 'Nobody knew what they were doing.' A sensational story When she published her article in the Journal of the Old Tuam Society in 2012, she braced for outrage. Instead, she heard almost nothing. That changed, though, after Corrigan, who had been busy pursuing records and contacting officials from the prime minister to the police, found Corless. Corrigan connected her with journalist Alison O'Reilly and the international media took notice after her May 25, 2014, article on the Sunday front page of the Irish Mail with the headline: 'A Mass Grave of 800 Babies.' The article caused a firestorm, followed by some blowback. Some news outlets, including The Associated Press, highlighted sensational reporting and questioned whether a septic tank could have been used as a grave. The Bon Secours sisters hired public relations consultant Terry Prone, who tried to steer journalists away. 'If you come here you'll find no mass grave,' she said in an email to a French TV company. 'No evidence that children were ever so buried and a local police force casting their eyes to heaven and saying, 'Yeah a few bones were found — but this was an area where famine victims were buried. So?'' Despite the doubters, there was widespread outrage. Corless was inundated by people looking for relatives on the list of 796 deaths she compiled. Those reared with the stain of being 'illegitimate' found their voice. Mulryan, who lived in the home until he was 4½, spoke about being abused as a foster child working on a farm, shoeless for much of the year, barely schooled, underfed and starved for kindness. 'We were afraid to open our mouths, you know, we were told to mind our own business,' Mulryan said. 'It's a disgrace. This church and the state had so much power, they could do what they liked and there was nobody to question them.' Then-Prime Minister Enda Kenny said the children were treated as an 'inferior subspecies' as he announced an investigation into mother and baby homes. When a test excavation confirmed in 2017 that skeletons of babies and toddlers were in the old septic tank, Kenny dubbed it a 'chamber of horrors.' Pope Francis acknowledged the scandal during his 2018 visit to Ireland when he apologized for church 'crimes' that included child abuse and forcing unmarried mothers to give up their children. It took five years before the government probe primarily blamed the children's fathers and women's families in its expansive 2021 report. The state and churches played a supporting role in the harsh treatment, but it noted the institutions, despite their failings, provided a refuge when families would not. Some survivors saw the report as a damning vindication while others branded it a whitewash. Prime Minister Micheál Martin apologized, saying mothers and children paid a terrible price for the nation's 'perverse religious morality.' 'The shame was not theirs — it was ours,' Martin said. The Bon Secours sisters offered a profound apology and acknowledged children were disrespectfully buried. 'We failed to respect the inherent dignity of the women and children,' Sister Eileen O'Connor said. 'We failed to offer them the compassion that they so badly needed.' The dig When a crew including forensic scientists and archaeologists began digging at the site two weeks ago, Corless was 'on a different planet,' amazed the work was underway after so many years. It is expected to take two years to collect bones, many of which are commingled, sort them and use DNA to try to identify them with relatives like Corrigan. Dig director Daniel MacSweeney, who previously worked for the International Committee of Red Cross to identify missing persons in conflict zones in Afghanistan and Lebanon, said it is a uniquely difficult undertaking. 'We cannot underestimate the complexity of the task before us, the challenging nature of the site as you will see, the age of the remains, the location of the burials, the dearth of information about these children and their lives,' MacSweeney said. Nearly 100 people, some from the U.S., Britain, Australia, and Canada, have either provided DNA or contacted them about doing so. Some people in town believe the remains should be left undisturbed. Patrick McDonagh, who grew up in the neighborhood, said a priest had blessed the ground after Hopkins' discovery and Masses were held there regularly. 'It should be left as it is,' McDonagh said. 'It was always a graveyard.' A week before ground was broken, a bus delivered a group of the home's aging survivors and relatives of mothers who toiled there to the neighborhood of rowhouses that ring the playground and memorial garden. A passageway between two homes led them through a gate in metal fencing erected to hide the site that has taken on an industrial look. Beyond grass where children once played — and beneath which children may be buried — were storage containers, a dumpster and an excavator poised for digging. It would be their last chance to see it before it's torn up and — maybe — the bones of their kin recovered so they can be properly buried. Corrigan, who likes to say that justice delayed Irish-style is 'delay, deny 'til we all go home and die,' hopes each child is found. 'They were denied dignity in life, and they were denied dignity and respect in death,' she said. 'So we're hoping that today maybe will be the start of hearing them because I think they've been crying for an awful long time to be heard.' ___ Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP's collaboration with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.
Washington Post
29-07-2025
- Health
- Washington Post
‘Blue spaces' can be calming. Here's the science behind it.
In her 20s, Catherine Kelly received a call that shattered her. She learned her 47-year-old mother, whom she had spoken with the evening before, died instantly from a brain hemorrhage. Shortly after, Kelly, an Irish native, 'got a job in this beautiful, wild part of the West of Ireland on the Atlantic coast,' she said. 'When I got there, I felt like I automatically exhaled.'
RNZ News
25-07-2025
- Entertainment
- RNZ News
Niall Williams: Four Letters of Love
Photo: supplied After decades of writing novels, internationally bestselling author Niall Williams has turned his hand to the screen, adapting his first novel into a star-studded movie. Photo: Wikimedia He's adapted his first book from 1997 - Four Letters of Love , a feel good tale about vocation, fate, love and destiny. Set in the west of Ireland, its stars include Pierce Brosnan, Helena Bonham Carter and Gabriel Byrne. Born in Dublin, Niall was long-listed for the Booker Prize in 2014 for History of the Rain and his most recent book Time of the Child won Irish Novel of the year. But Four Letters of Love remains his biggest seller. Niall explains to Susie why he adapted his first novel 27 years after he wrote it.
Irish Times
18-06-2025
- Business
- Irish Times
IDA Ireland to spend ‘very significantly more' than €100m on site for FDI
IDA Ireland will spend 'significantly more' than €100 million to develop the first of three planned 'next generation sites' around the State, according to Minister for Enterprise Peter Burke . It is understood to be targeting the computer chip sector. The agency, charged with sourcing foreign direct investment for the State, plans to 'develop up to three significantly larger scale, pre-permitted developments' in regional locations, it disclosed in a five-year programme published in February. Speaking in advance of Enterprise Ireland 's Food Innovation Summit in Croke Park, on Wednesday, the Minister said the cost of acquiring the sites would be 'very significant'. 'We will be, in the next couple of weeks, bringing a very significant proposal to Cabinet for our first large scale next generation site,' he said, adding that it would be a site in the west of Ireland, capable of attracting a 'significant company of scale'. READ MORE It would, Mr Burke said, be a 'very strong competitive offering' to foreign direct investment. Asked whether the sites were being earmarked for computer chip manufacturers, the Minister said: 'The KPMG report [into the outlook for Ireland's semiconductor sector] sets out an absolute opportunity here of getting an additional workforce of over 30,000 by 2040, which would be very significant for the sector. 'Right through Covid, we saw significant blockages in manufacturing. We saw blockages in the automotive sector brought to a standstill. Why? Because of a lack of chips. Chips are so important to the digital economy. 'Obviously, the geography of Ireland is very attuned to semiconductor activity, but also need utilities and you need a very significant capacities, and infrastructure,' he said. The Government is looking at 'putting together a war chest for two more additional sites' with pathways to be 'utilities rich' in tandem with the National Development Plan Review, the Minister said. 'The cost will be very significant' given the cost of achieving utility connections with 'the way the site is structured', he said, though he declined to go into specifics on cost of the first site. Asked if it would be more than €100 million, the Minister said: 'Oh, very significantly more than that.' 'We need strategic forward planning to enhance our offer to investors,' the IDA said. 'Ireland must fundamentally reposition its offering to develop a select number of significantly larger-scale solutions in order to be competitive in attracting the next generation of very large-scale, sustainable, capital-intensive FDI.' IDA chief executive Michael Lohan said the sites would be between 500 and 1,000 acres in size but had not yet been identified.
Irish Times
06-05-2025
- Business
- Irish Times
Salesforce recruiter becomes first person to get compensation over delayed response to remote working request
A recruiter at Salesforce has been awarded €1,000 compensation after his employer breached remote-working legislation which came into force last year. Thomas Farrell moved to the west of Ireland with his family under a remote work arrangement, but was ordered back to an office 275km away after less than a year by the company, the Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) heard. The WRC made the €1,000 award solely for the software company's failure to respond in time to a formal request for a remote work arrangement by Mr Farrell after he was told last year that he was required back in the office three to four times a week. Salesforce, which has its European headquarters in Dublin, was found to be in breach of the Work Life Balance and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2023 for missing a four-week deadline for a response. READ MORE Mr Farrell told the WRC at a hearing in February how his managers approved an arrangement in June 2023 under which he would be allowed to relocate to the west of Ireland and 'continue working remotely, attending the office as needed'. The tribunal heard there were personal circumstances for the move and that it was required for his partner's employment. But Mr Farrell's line manager told her team 11 months later that they would have to attend the office three to four times a week, he said. In a formal request under the legislation, Mr Farrell told his employer he needed to work remotely because of 'the unsustainability of a 550km daily round-trip commute'. He also pointed to 'proven performance in a remote capacity' and 'inconsistencies' in Salesforce's return-to-office policy, which he stated 'allowed other employees in similar roles to work remotely'. His request was filed on June 10th last year, but the company failed to reply within the four-week deadline specified in the legislation, the WRC noted. Salesforce then wrote to Mr Farrell on July 11th, after the expiry of the deadline, looking for more time. It rejected his request on July 26th, nine days after he filed a complaint to the WRC. The reasons given for requiring Mr Farrell in the office were 'the promotion of collaboration', a need for 'in-person meetings with hiring managers' and 'alignment with [Salesforce's] global hybrid working strategy', the tribunal was told. Mr Farrell said these reasons were at odds with 'prior agreements and internal communications' which he said had 'explicitly removed' in-person meetings from his duties. Zelda Cunningham, for Salesforce, said the failure to respond to Mr Farrell's request in time was 'attributable to human error'. She argued the company had complied with the legislation by responding to the request. WRC adjudication officer Breiffni O'Neill accepted Salesforce's position that he could not consider any aspect of the complaint except for its failure to respond to Mr Farrell's request within the four weeks required by the legislation. That ruled out any consideration of the substantive reasons for denying the request, he wrote. Mr O'Neill found Salesforce gave 'no compelling reasons' for failing to meet the deadline, but that he considered the delay 'minor'. He directed the company to pay Mr Farrell €1,000 for the breach. Mr Farrell's case is the ninth complaint decided by the WRC under the Work Life Balance and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2023, which came into force last year, and marks the first award of compensation under the legislation. In one case last year, the WRC said that staffing agency Cognizant Technology Solutions Ireland Limited had contravened the Act by missing the deadline for responding to such a request by a worker. However, the adjudicator in that case awarded no compensation as she considered that the volume of requests by staff at the firm made the delay 'inevitable'.
