Latest news with #dependency
Irish Times
07-08-2025
- Health
- Irish Times
Doctors increasingly prescribe highly addictive opioids for pain, RCSI study finds
The prescribing of pain medication, including highly addictive opioids, has risen significantly in the State in recent years, according to new research. Usage rates of pain medications now outpace those in England, prompting concerns that overprescribing certain drugs could result in dependency issues among patients. Researchers at the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences say long waiting lists for orthopaedic surgery, such as hip and knee replacements, are partially to blame for the surge in prescriptions in the State. Published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology on Thursday, the RCSI study raises questions about healthcare access, prescribing practices and the availability of non-drug interventions to address pain. READ MORE Researchers examined national prescribing data between 2014-2022, focusing on patients in the Republic covered by the General Medical Services (GMS) scheme – people with a medical card, representing about one-third of the population – and on data from all general practices in England. The use of opioids in the State increased by about 25 per cent over the period, while prescriptions for paracetamol rose by 50 per cent. Specific medicines including codeine and stronger opioids such as tapentadol and oxycodone increased by even higher percentages. By contrast, England experienced declining use across most classes of pain medications during the same time frame. The analysis revealed prescribing levels in the State were substantially higher than in England by 2022: twice as high for opioids, four times higher for anti-inflammatories, and nearly five times higher for paracetamol. 'Many of these medications carry risks such as dependency which can be worsened by overprescribing,' said Prof Frank Moriarty , senior author of the study and associate professor at the RCSI school of pharmacy and bimolecular sciences. Mr Moriarty said part of the disparity in the prescription rates can be attributed to the differing populations studied. The National Health Service (NHS) data covers the entire population of England, while the Irish data reflects prescribing to GMS patients, a group in which older adults are over-represented. However, even taking this into account, more patients in England have access to pain clinics and non-pharmacological interventions such as physical therapy through the NHS. In the Republic, such services are less widely available, particularly for medical card holders who cannot afford to pay for private healthcare. Mr Moriarty said extensive waiting lists for surgery in the Republic likely result in 'more decisions to prescribe [strong painkillers] for longer than otherwise'. A patient's tolerance to and dependence on a certain medication will increase over time, he added. Mr Moriarty said the researchers 'can't say for certain how many of these prescriptions might be over-prescriptions or inappropriate prescriptions'. 'Ultimately it comes down to an assessment between the prescriber and the patient, and what is in the patient's best interests. Sometimes the person is dealing with very severe pain and the prescription may be the most appropriate course of action so the patient has a good quality of life.' In a bid to reduce the upward trend of prescribing strong painkillers for long periods, the Irish health service must address long waiting times for surgery and ensure patients 'have access to safe, evidence-based alternatives to medications', he said. The study was carried out in collaboration with the HSE's Quality and Patient Safety Directorate, University of Oxford, University College Cork and University College Dublin.
Yahoo
01-08-2025
- General
- Yahoo
14 Warning Signs Your Partner Is Dependent On You For Their Happiness
When you're in a relationship, it's natural to want the best for your partner and to support them through life's ups and downs. However, it's crucial to be aware of when your partner might be leaning too heavily on you for their happiness. It's not healthy for either person to carry the full weight of someone else's emotional well-being. Here's a list of signs that might indicate your partner is overly dependent on you for their joy and contentment. 1. They Rely Heavily On Your Approval If your partner can't make a decision without checking in with you first, it might be a sign they're relying too much on your approval. This isn't just about big decisions like moving cities or changing jobs; it extends to everyday choices like what to eat or wear. According to Dr. John Gottman, a renowned psychologist, excessive validation seeking can damage self-esteem and lead to an unhealthy attachment style. While it's nice to feel involved in each other's lives, too much dependency on your opinion can stunt their ability to grow independently. It's important to encourage them to trust their own judgment and remind them that it's okay to make mistakes. Over time, this constant need for validation can become exhausting for both of you. It's crucial to strike a balance where your partner feels secure in their choices without needing a constant nod from you. While discussing decisions can be a valuable part of healthy communication, your partner's need for constant reassurance might indicate an underlying issue of self-esteem. You might notice they second-guess themselves frequently, leading to a cycle of indecision. Encouraging them to practice self-compassion can be a step toward breaking this cycle. 2. They Need You To Plan All Social Activities When your partner always expects you to plan and initiate all social gatherings or activities, it might be a sign they're too dependent. While enjoying each other's company is wonderful, it's important for both people to have their own social circles and interests. If your partner doesn't have plans unless you're involved, it can put a lot of pressure on you to be their entire social world. This can lead to resentment and burnout, as you're forced to juggle both your social needs and theirs. Encourage them to cultivate friendships and interests outside the relationship for a healthier balance. Having separate social lives doesn't mean you're drifting apart; it strengthens your connection by allowing you both to grow. When you're both bringing new experiences and perspectives back into the relationship, it keeps things fresh and engaging. Encourage your partner to reach out to friends or try new activities on their own. You might even notice a positive shift in their mood and confidence when they start to enjoy their own social life. It's a win-win for both of you, fostering independence while strengthening your bond. 3. They Get Upset When You Spend Time Apart If your partner becomes overly emotional or upset whenever you spend time away from them, it's a sign they might be too reliant on your presence for their happiness. Everyone needs time to themselves or with other loved ones to maintain a healthy balance. When your partner reacts negatively to your absence, it could indicate a lack of confidence in the relationship or an insecurity within themselves. Dr. Terri Orbuch, a relationship expert, suggests that time apart allows people to maintain a sense of individuality, which is crucial for a strong partnership. Reassure your partner of your commitment while encouraging them to pursue their own interests during your time apart. It's normal to miss each other, but it's also healthy to enjoy time independently. Over-dependence can lead to feelings of suffocation and resentment, which can damage the relationship over time. You both need space to grow as people, which ultimately enriches your partnership. Talk about why time apart is beneficial and how it can actually strengthen your relationship. Supporting each other's independence will lead to a more balanced, fulfilling connection. 4. They Have Few Interests Outside The Relationship When your partner has few hobbies or interests aside from the relationship, it might be an indication they're overly dependent on you. While it's natural to share interests and activities, it's also healthy to pursue passions independently. Being each other's everything can lead to pressure and an unsustainable dynamic. Encourage your partner to explore interests that have nothing to do with you or the relationship. This independence can lead to personal growth, which benefits both of you in the long run. Having individual hobbies is not just about keeping busy; it's about nurturing a sense of self. Discovering and pursuing interests outside the relationship helps maintain a balanced life. It also provides opportunities to bring new excitement and perspectives into the partnership. Encourage your partner to try something new, whether it's a class, sport, or creative project. Supporting each other's personal growth is a cornerstone of a healthy, thriving relationship. 5. They Frequently Seek Reassurance About Your Feelings If your partner often asks if you still love them or if they're still important to you, it might be a sign of dependency. While occasional reassurance is normal and healthy, excessive need for it might point to insecurity. Dr. Susan Krauss Whitbourne, a psychologist and professor, notes that a solid foundation of trust and self-assurance is crucial for healthy relationships. Constantly having to reassure your partner can be tiring and may hinder their ability to develop self-confidence. Encourage open conversation about these insecurities and work on building a stronger foundation of trust. Repetitive reassurance can become a crutch rather than a solution. While it's important to express love and appreciation, it's equally important to cultivate self-assurance. Encourage your partner to reflect on why they feel insecure and how they can work on self-validation. Building confidence takes time, but it's essential for a balanced relationship. Acknowledging and addressing these feelings is a step towards a more independent and healthier bond. 6. They Always Put Your Needs Before Their Own When your partner consistently prioritizes your needs over theirs, it might be a sign of dependency. While it's good to care for each other's well-being, constantly sidelining their own needs isn't healthy. This pattern can lead to neglect of their own happiness and personal growth. Encourage your partner to recognize and voice their own needs and desires. A balanced relationship allows both people to flourish and support each other equally. Self-sacrifice might seem noble, but it can actually lead to burnout and resentment. Your partner needs to understand that their happiness is just as important as yours. Encourage them to pursue their own goals and take time for self-care. Supporting each other means advocating for your partner's well-being as well as your own. A healthy partnership thrives on mutual support and respect. 7. They Struggle With Self-Identity If your partner seems unsure of who they are outside of the relationship, it might be a sign of dependency. A strong relationship is built on two people who know and value themselves. Dr. Lisa Firestone, a clinical psychologist, explains that self-identity is crucial for personal development and healthy relationships. Encourage your partner to explore their interests and values independently. This journey of self-discovery will ultimately enhance your relationship by bringing more depth and understanding. Lacking a strong sense of self can lead to an imbalance in the relationship. Your partner might feel lost or unfulfilled, which can impact their happiness and your connection. Encourage them to take time to reflect on their passions, goals, and values. This exploration can lead to a more confident and self-aware partner, which strengthens your bond. Remember, supporting each other's individuality is key to a thriving relationship. 8. They Avoid Conflict At All Costs If your partner constantly tries to avoid conflict, it might indicate they're dependent on maintaining your approval. While no one enjoys arguing, avoiding conflict entirely can be unhealthy. It's important for both people to feel comfortable expressing their opinions and grievances. Avoiding conflict can lead to unresolved issues and simmering resentment, which ultimately weakens the relationship. Encourage open and honest communication, even when it's uncomfortable, as it helps build a stronger connection. Conflict avoidance can stem from a fear of losing the relationship or disappointing you. However, disagreements are a natural part of any partnership, and handling them constructively can bring you closer. Encourage your partner to voice their concerns and participate in resolving conflicts. This practice fosters mutual understanding and respect, reinforcing the health of the relationship. Learning to navigate conflict together is essential for a resilient and enduring bond. 9. They Depend On You For Emotional Support Too Often If your partner regularly turns to you for emotional support without seeking other outlets, it might be a sign of dependency. While it's essential to support one another, relying solely on one person for emotional needs can be overwhelming. Encourage your partner to cultivate other sources of support, such as friends, family, or a therapist. This diversification can lead to a more balanced relationship and reduce pressure on both of you. Sharing emotional burdens with a broader network can actually strengthen your connection. Being each other's primary support system is important, but it shouldn't be exclusive. Encourage your partner to engage with others who can offer different perspectives and advice. This support network can alleviate the emotional load and provide your partner with valuable insights. It's healthy to share emotional experiences with others outside the relationship, creating a well-rounded support system. A balanced approach to emotional support benefits both of you and the relationship as a whole. 10. They Have Trouble Making Decisions On Their Own If your partner frequently struggles to make decisions without your input, it might be a sign of dependency. While seeking advice is normal, an inability to decide independently can be limiting. Encourage your partner to practice decision-making skills by starting with small, everyday choices. Building this confidence can lead to greater independence and self-assurance. Support them by discussing options, but remind them that it's okay to trust their judgment. Decision-making is a crucial life skill that everyone needs to develop. Without it, your partner may feel paralyzed and reliant on you to guide their choices. Encourage them to weigh pros and cons and consider their preferences. As they grow more comfortable making decisions, their independence will strengthen, benefitting both of you. A confident partner contributes to a healthy relationship dynamic, where both have equal footing. 11. They Rarely Initiate Plans Or Ideas If your partner seldom suggests plans or ideas, it might indicate they rely heavily on you to steer the relationship. While it's comfortable to let one person take the lead, a healthy relationship thrives on shared initiative. Encourage your partner to contribute more actively to planning and decision-making. This involvement can boost their confidence and make them feel more invested in the relationship. A balanced partnership is more fulfilling for both people. Sharing the responsibility of planning and idea generation enriches the relationship. When both partners take initiative, it provides a sense of ownership and engagement. Encourage your partner to express their preferences and be proactive about activities you both enjoy. This collaboration leads to a more dynamic and satisfying partnership. Supporting each other's ideas fosters a sense of equality and shared purpose. 12. They Experience Mood Swings Based On Your Behavior If your partner's mood significantly shifts based on your actions or emotions, it might be a sign of over-dependency. While empathy is important, an excessive emotional reaction can indicate a lack of emotional self-regulation. Encourage your partner to develop coping strategies and emotional resilience. This emotional independence can lead to a more stable and harmonious relationship. Supporting each other emotionally is crucial, but not at the expense of personal emotional health. Your partner's happiness shouldn't solely hinge on your mood or behavior. Encourage them to find ways to manage their emotions independently. This autonomy will contribute to a healthier emotional climate for both of you. Discussing emotions openly and finding personal coping mechanisms can lead to a more balanced partnership. Emotional stability on both sides strengthens the relationship's foundation. 13. They Have Trouble Being Alone If your partner struggles with being alone, it might indicate they're overly reliant on your company for happiness. While spending time together is essential, being comfortable alone is equally important. Encourage your partner to engage in activities they enjoy independently. This time alone can lead to personal growth and self-discovery. A partner who enjoys their own company is more likely to bring positivity and confidence into the relationship. Being comfortable alone doesn't mean you love each other any less. It signifies a healthy balance between personal space and togetherness. Encourage your partner to explore their interests and hobbies solo. This alone time can lead to a more self-assured and fulfilled partner. A balanced relationship values both togetherness and individual space. 14. They Struggle With Self-Esteem Issues If your partner regularly exhibits low self-esteem, this might indicate they're dependent on you for validation. While everyone experiences self-doubt occasionally, ongoing low self-esteem can affect the relationship's balance. Encourage your partner to engage in activities that build confidence and self-worth. Support them by recognizing and celebrating their strengths and accomplishments. A partner who values themselves is more likely to contribute positively to the relationship. Building self-esteem is a journey, but it's crucial for a healthy partnership. Encourage your partner to challenge negative self-talk and focus on their strengths. Remind them that their worth isn't defined by external validation. As their self-esteem grows, so will their ability to engage more fully and independently in the relationship. A self-assured partner enhances the bond you share. Solve the daily Crossword
Malay Mail
22-07-2025
- Health
- Malay Mail
Regulation can curb social media addiction — Siti Umairah Mohamad Idris and Mohd Istajib Mokhtar
JULY 22 — We all know the feeling — reaching for the phone without thinking, just to scroll, like, or watch something, anything. These little moments fill the gaps in our day: waiting in line, before bed, in between tasks. But somewhere along the way, checking social media stopped being a choice and started becoming a reflex. So, the question is — are we just passing time, or are we caught in something deeper? Many of us don't realise how quickly casual use can slip into dependency. What starts as boredom relief becomes a habit, and soon enough, not touching your phone for a whole day feels like a personal milestone. The line between control and compulsion has grown thinner, especially in a world where apps are carefully designed to keep us hooked. Let's face it: social media is both a blessing and a burden. On the bright side, it helps us stay informed, entertained, and connected. It gives people a voice, raises awareness, and fuels creativity. For example, researcher Pia Juliebø-Jones noted that young people often rely on platforms like Instagram and TikTok to keep up with news, especially health-related topics. But while social media opens up new possibilities, it also opens the door to manipulation, distraction, and misinformation. How many times have you opened an app just to 'check something quickly,' only to find that an hour has passed? That's not random — it's by design. Platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram use algorithms that track what you watch, then serve more of it to keep you engaged. Daniel Campbell, who studies digital ethics, calls this a cycle of 'bad habits,' driven by systems that are less about helping you and more about holding your attention. Then there's the problem of misinformation. You watch one video on a topic, and suddenly your feed is full of similar content — whether it's accurate or not. YouTube, in particular, has been called out for leading users into echo chambers, where the same opinions are repeated and reinforced, often without fact-checking. These feedback loops can be dangerous, especially when it comes to sensitive issues like politics, health, or personal identity. How many times have you opened an app just to check something quickly, only to find that an hour has passed? — Picture by Hari Anggara But that's only one side of the coin. Social media has also transformed marketing and personal branding. As pointed out by digital media expert Z. Ghafar, it's never been easier for individuals and businesses to reach massive audiences. A small business can now build a following, promote products, and engage with customers without spending a fortune. In many ways, social media has made the world feel smaller and more accessible. Yet beneath the surface, darker truths are coming to light — especially about how these platforms affect mental health. One of the most significant moments came in 2021, when Frances Haugen, a former Facebook employee, leaked documents showing the company was well aware of Instagram's harmful effects on teens. Internal research revealed that Instagram contributed to anxiety, depression, and body dissatisfaction, especially among young girls. Haugen revealed that Instagram's algorithms create 'dopamine loops' — feedback systems that reward users with just enough pleasure to keep them coming back. At first, users see content from friends. But the longer they stay, the more the algorithm stretches to find new, often more emotionally charged content to keep them engaged. This design isn't accidental — it's intentional, and it's powerful. Despite knowing the risks, Facebook (now Meta) didn't act. Instead, it kept optimising its platform for user engagement — because more engagement means more profit. The company denied wrongdoing, with CEO Mark Zuckerberg claiming their research was misunderstood. But public trust was already damaged. The leaks led to a wave of criticism, congressional hearings, and fresh calls for regulation. This situation raised serious ethical questions: Should platforms be allowed to keep such research secret? Do users, especially young ones, have the right to know how their mental health is being affected? Many ethicists say yes. Transparency, accountability, and user protection should be basic responsibilities — not optional extras. From a design perspective, social media algorithms aren't neutral. They're built to trigger emotions, prolong screen time, and create habits. That's not always a bad thing — but when these systems start affecting mental health, they cross an ethical line. The problem isn't just the content — it's how that content is delivered, curated, and pushed. So, what can be done? First, platforms need to be more transparent about how their algorithms work. If users understand why they're seeing certain content, they're better equipped to make informed choices. Second, developers should build features that protect users — like limits on doom-scrolling, more accessible screen time alerts, and content diversity tools. Some platforms have already introduced features like time tracking and wellness reminders. But as critics point out, these tools often feel more like public relations than real solutions. The responsibility can't fall on users alone — especially when the technology is working against them. Governments also have a part to play. Regulations like the European Union's Digital Services Act are trying to hold tech companies accountable by demanding better data protection, user safety, and ethical use of AI. International cooperation will be essential, since these platforms cross borders and affect billions of people. At the same time, we — users — need to step up. That means learning how to spot addictive behaviours, fact-checking information, and setting healthy boundaries. Digital literacy should be taught in schools, workplaces, and homes. Knowing how to scroll smart is as important today as knowing how to read. In the end, social media isn't going away — and it shouldn't. It has immense potential to do good. But to unlock that good, we must rethink how it's built, used, and regulated. If we don't, we risk raising a generation that's not just bored — but quietly addicted. So the next time you find yourself swiping out of habit, ask yourself: who's really in control — you, or your feed? * The authors are from the Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, and may be reached at [email protected] ** This is the personal opinion of the writer or publication and does not necessarily represent the views of Malay Mail.
Yahoo
20-06-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Microsoft and OpenAI Forged a Close Bond. Why It's Now Too Big to Last.
The partnership that made so much sense from 2019 to 2023 has now made each company too dependent on the other. Why a divorce looks inevitable.
