11-07-2025
An emoji used to say it all. Now it might say too much.
Can't find the right way to express nuance in a text? Then add on an 絵文字 (emoji).
Before 絵文字 and 顔文字 (kaomoji, emoticons) — the little faces we create with コロン (koron, colons), 括弧 (kakko, parentheses) and other such punctuation ;) — became ubiquitous in our communications, you always ran the risk that the person you were sending a text or email to wouldn't know if you were joking, sympathizing or celebrating the message you were trying to convey. 絵文字 and 顔文字 have been incredibly helpful in this regard.
So that's why July 17 has been dubbed 世界絵文字デー (Sekai Emoji Dē, World Emoji Day) by Emojipedia, a day to honor this graphic evolution in the way we communicate. Why July 17? Well, Emojipedia founder Jeremy Burge picked the date displayed on the 絵文字 representing a カレンダー (karendā, calendar).
The reason July 17 is the date on the カレンダーの絵文字 (karendā no emoji, calendar emoji) is because that's the date Apple initially announced its iCal, a predecessor to the Calendar app many of us use today. The first widely recognized set of 176 emojis was released not by Apple but by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT Docomo 26 years ago. The 12×12 pixel ドコモ絵文字 (Dokomo emoji, Docomo emoji) encouraged users to insert colorful pictograms into their emails as a way to replace entire words and add nuance at the 文末 (bunmatsu, end of a sentence).
British linguistics professor Vyvyan Evans said in a 2015 interview with the BBC that 絵文字はその驚異的な普及率と進化の速度 から、歴史上最も急速に広がった言語形態だ (Emoji wa sono kyōi-tekina fukyū ritsu to shinka no sokudo kara, rekishijō mottomo kyūsoku ni hirogatta gengo keitai da, Emoji is the fastest growing form of language in history based on its incredible adoption rate and speed of evolution). Here we are 10 years later with hundreds of ways to express ourselves.
However, while Japanese in their 30s and 40s still sprinkle 絵文字 into their messages, the style is now considered おばさん構文 (obasan kōbun, middle-aged women's style texting). This change in digital etiquette mimics other trends such as how 句点 (kuten, periods) can be seen as rude among young Japanese professionals and how a thumbs-up emoji can offend Gen Z texters overseas. Likewise, the custom of putting an emoji at the end of your Japanese texts is starting to fade.
Last April, a woman in her 30s shared a surprising experience related to 絵文字 and スタンプ (sutanpu, digital stickers) on the messaging app Line. She texted to celebrate her niece's スマホデビュー (sumaho debyū, smartphone debut) with a smiley 顔文字 and two red heart stickers. The response from her niece? 「落ち着いて 」 (ochitsuite, calm down) — with no 句点, emojis or stickers.
For digital native young people who constantly chat online, texts overloaded with 絵文字 can feel a bit over the top.
That being said, 絵文字は今や文章に遊び心を足すだけにとどまらず、返信代わりの手段としても使われています (Emoji wa ima ya bunshō ni asobigokoro o tasu dake ni todomarazu, henshin-gawari no shudan to shitemo tsukawarete-imasu, Emojis are now used not only to add humor to text but also as a substitute for replies).
In the above sentence, the structure ～にとどまらず (~ni todomarazu, not limited to~ but also) is used to imply the role of 絵文字 goes beyond adding personality to messages. It is derived from the negative form of the verb 留まる (tomaru/todomaru), which translates as to stop, to stay and not to exceed a boundary, as in 滞在先に留まる (taizai-saki ni todomaru, to stay at [one's] accommodation).
As an elder Millennial, I grew up meticulously decorating my email texts with pictures, but 絵文字 have since evolved from cute extras to communication essentials. In May, Line unlocked options for リアクション機能 (riakushon kinō, reaction features). This raised the number of choices there from six to more than 240,000, including both official and paid クリエイターズ絵文字 (kurieitāzu emoji, creator emoji) that are made by individuals and approved by LINE.
This リアクション機能 function is used 25 million times a day in Japan alone, with half of those users hitting the いいね (ii ne, like) option before the change. It's no wonder that いいね has now become a verb in Japanese: いいねする (ii ne suru, to give a like). Using an 絵文字 to react to something on most apps no longer results in a 通知 (tsūchi, notification) to the receiver, which is convenient when having a グループトーク (gurūpu tōku, group talk) with multiple members. However, if you're in a thread with only one other person, your friend may think, いいねだけでなく返信があればいいのに (Ii ne dake de naku henshin ga areba ii noni, It would be better to have a reply, not just a like).
The formal compound particle ～だけでなく (~dake de naku, not only~) works similarly to ～にとどまらず in this example. Just note that it often becomes ～だけじゃなく (~dake janaku) in everyday conversation.
For example, a couple of years ago, a now-deleted Reddit post drew mixed reactions by stating: 皆いいねだけじゃなくて他の絵文字も使うとか、「素晴らしい！」って返信すればいいのに (Minna ii ne dake janakute hoka no emoji mo tsukau toka, subarashii-tte henshin sureba ii noni, It'd be better if everyone didn't just hit like, but used different emojis or replied with 'Great!'). In this case, ～だけじゃなく is joined later in the sentence by the particle も (mo), too/also) to create the 'not only ... but also' structure.
According to Emojipedia, last year's three most-used 絵文字 were 嬉し泣きの顔 (ureshi naki no kao, face with tears of joy) — the Oxford Word of the Year 2015, 赤いハート (akai hāto, red heart) and 目がハートの顔 (me ga hāto no kao, face with heart eyes). This ranking reflects Japanese usage, too, however it's worth noting that the ぴえん (pien, pleading face emoji with big puppy dog eyes) is also quite popular in Japan. ぴえんは悲しい気分だけでなく感激の意味でも使われます (Pien wa kanashii kibun dake de naku kangeki no imi demo tsukawaremasu, The pleading face emoji is used not only to express sadness but also a sense of being deeply touched).
So make sure to give a thought to those little pictures on your phone this 世界絵文字デー, there's so much more available than just the いいねの絵文字 (ii ne no emoji, thumbs up emoji).
