State has used upto 60% of its groundwater, Rajya Sabha told
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Bhopal: The state has extracted nearly 60% of its groundwater reserves, placing it among the country's most water-stressed states, Rajya Sabha was informed. The state's extraction rate is higher than those of neighbouring Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Gujarat.
The state ranks 12th nationally in terms of groundwater extraction as a percentage of total available resources. Punjab recorded the highest stage of groundwater extraction, followed by Rajasthan.
The data was shared on Aug 4 by the Union minister of state for Jal Shakti, Raj Bhushan Choudhary, in response to a written query from MPs Subhash Barala, Mayankkumar Nayak, Kesridevsinh Jhala and Narayana Koragappa. The Rajya Sabha members had sought details on the status of groundwater across states, pollution levels, and measures being taken to address the crisis.
Choudhary replied that assessment of dynamic groundwater resources of each state/UT was being carried out on an annual basis jointly by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), and the concerned state nodal/ground water departments. As per the report of 'National Compilation of Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2024', the total annual groundwater recharge in the country has been assessed as 446.9 billion cubic metres (bcm).
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Total annual extractable groundwater resource has been assessed as 406.19 bcm, and the total annual groundwater extraction for all purposes (like domestic, industrial, agricultural uses etc) is estimated as 245.64 bcm. The stage of groundwater extraction (SoE), which is defined as a ratio of annual groundwater extraction over annual extractable groundwater resources for the whole country, has arrived at 60.47%.
Water being a state subject, sustainable development and management of groundwater resources are primarily the responsibility of the state govts. However, the central govt facilitates the efforts of the state govts by way of technical and financial assistance through its various schemes and projects. In this direction, the important steps taken by the ministry included the govt implemented "Jal Shakti Abhiyan" launched in 2019.
As per the Abhiyan dashboard, in the past 4 years, more than 1.14 cr water harvesting and recharge works have been completed through coordination in the country. Further, the CGWB has also completed the National Aquifer Mapping project covering approximately 25 lakh square km of mappable area across the country.
The central govt is implementing Atal Bhujal Yojana in 80 water stressed districts of 7 states which has community-led sustainable management of groundwater resources and demand management as its core theme.
The CGWA has been constituted under the ministry for the purpose of regulation and control of groundwater development and management in the country. It generates ground water quality data of the entire country on a regional scale as part of its groundwater quality monitoring program and various scientific studies.
It may be recalled that 'Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Madhya Pradesh 2024' report had revealed that groundwater extraction in parts of Madhya Pradesh, including its major cities, Bhopal and Indore has reached alarming levels.
The industrial capital Indore was rated in "critical", while Bhopal was under "semi-critical" category and had extracted close to 80 per cent of groundwater.
The state's Malwa region overall was rated in the critical category. The report stated out of the total 317 assessment units (hydrogeological units), 225 assessment units fall in the safe category, 61 assessment units fall under semi-critical, 5 in critical and 26 fall in the over exploited category.
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