Musi river water unfit for drinking except at Osman Sagar: Study
Hyderabad: A scientific study published in the June edition of the Cleaner Water journal by ScienceDirect has found that water from the Musi River is unfit for drinking at all locations except at its upstream source, Osman Sagar.
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The research, titled 'Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Water Quality of Musi River, India,' was led by Ajmal Koya Pulikkal of the Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, and co-authored by Mohammad Zakwan from Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad.
Water samples were collected from four stations — Osman Sagar (upstream), Bapughat and Musarambagh (midstream), and Nagole (downstream) — during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons.
The study analysed 27 water quality parameters using standard methods and indices such as the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Nemerow's Pollution Index, and various irrigation indices.
The WAWQI values across the sites showed a sharp deterioration in water quality downstream: 38 at Osman Sagar, 175 at Bapughat, 197 at Musarambagh, and 179 at Nagole. Only Osman Sagar met the Bureau of Indian Standards for potable water.
The deterioration became significant at Bapughat, attributed to urban encroachments, waste dumping, and sewage discharge. The study noted a slight improvement in water quality at Nagole, likely due to the Amberpet sewage treatment plant near Musarambagh.
Seasonal and irrigation assessment reflect pollution load
Seasonal analysis revealed further insights. While water from Osman Sagar remained suitable for both drinking and irrigation in all seasons (S-1 category), the other stations fell into S-3 (unsuitable for irrigation) during the pre and post-monsoon periods, and into S-2 (moderately suitable) during the monsoon, due to dilution effects.
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Kelley's index also indicated that only Osman Sagar's water was suitable for irrigation throughout the year.
The study flagged declining dissolved oxygen levels and rising biochemical oxygen demand downstream. Hydrochemical facies analysis (a method used to interpret the chemical composition of water) using Piper diagrams further revealed a shift in water composition from upstream to downstream.
The authors call for urgent and consistent monitoring, improved wastewater treatment, effective stormwater management, and stronger environmental regulation to reverse the degradation.
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Musi river water unfit for drinking except at Osman Sagar: Study
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