F-35 Myths Debunked as Foreign Faith in US Fighter Jet is Tested

Newsweek

7 days ago

Based on facts, either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources.
U.S. President Donald Trump's triumphant strides back into the White House put NATO's European countries, as well as Canada, on edge. His historic skepticism about the alliance was one thing, but military planners in countries buying U.S. hardware began questioning whether the F-35—the world's most expensive weapons program—had been the right choice.
The Lockheed Martin-made F-35 is the only real option for Western militaries outside the U.S. to get hold of a fifth-generation stealth fighter aircraft, and many of the 20 nations operating or buying them are NATO members. Fifth-generation planes are the most advanced currently in operation, with sixth-generation aircraft in the early development stages.
As Trump settled back into the Oval Office, rumors of a "kill switch" started floating around in defense circles. There was—according to the whispers—effectively a button the U.S. could press to control the aircraft bought and operated by recipient countries. Although the Pentagon and analysts quickly tamped down on such talk, when paired with the Trump administration's at times abrasive and unpredictable approach to foreign policy, it made many think twice about just how wise it was to put all the fifth-generation eggs in the F-35 basket.
A F-35B Lightning II fighter. The American-made F-35 Joint Strike Fighter has become arguably the most coveted fighter jet across the globe.
A F-35B Lightning II fighter. The American-made F-35 Joint Strike Fighter has become arguably the most coveted fighter jet across the globe.
Chris Hanoch/Lockheed Martin Corporation
For now, after months of uncertainty for many U.S. allies, the worries seem to have cooled—at least for now. The U.K. announced at NATO's biggest summit of the year in June that it was buying at least 12 F-35A fighter jets, adding to the F-35B variants it already has. This means the country's Royal Air Force could join NATO's dual capable aircraft fleet, featuring jets certified to carry American tactical nuclear weapons as well as conventional bombs and missiles.
The same month, Israel showed what the F-35 can do in combat when it began its campaign against Iran's nuclear sites and scientists. Israel's F-35s were vital in slicing away air defenses and clearing a path into Iranian territory for the rest of its aircraft—and, later, for U.S. forces—to target Tehran's most sensitive sites.
But while panic has abated around U.S. trustworthiness as an ally to F-35 countries, the hard look at many nations' dependence on the U.S. shouldn't be cast away so soon, according to some.
"The concept of a kill switch has been debunked, but there will always be concerns of over-reliance on a single supply source," retired Air Marshal Greg Bagwell, a former senior commander in the U.K.'s RAF, told Newsweek.
The Qualms
While experts and officials were quick to downplay concerns over a kill switch as they surfaced in early 2025, they conceded that the U.S. could have a very noticeable impact on how well these expensive aircraft operate, should it choose to influence software upgrades or halt access to intelligence and mission data.
NATO has observed the U.S. cutting off its vital military aid deliveries to Ukraine several times and also choke Kyiv's access to American-derived intelligence in a bid to bend Ukraine to its will, namely to join ceasefire talks. Ukraine, U.S. allies could see, was backed into a corner by its dependence on the U.S. "If an F-35 user wanted to use the jets in a way that the United States was not happy with, then that would be a limited capability, because Lockheed Martin would be very soon able to turn off the support tap to the particular nation in question," Andrew Curtis, a retired RAF air commodore, told Newsweek.
"So even though there might not necessarily be an actual 'kill switch,' the United States definitely has the capability to make things very difficult for F-35 users."
A European official from one of the Baltic states, which stare down Russia directly, said in May there was growing concern that the U.S. could curtail sovereign decision-making for military operations should Russia invade and the eastern flank need to defend itself.
The memory of how the U.S. treated Ukraine is still fresh, the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Newsweek. The person was referring to all military supplies but indicated a broader worry about the rapprochement with Russia that Trump pursued from the start of his second term.
More recently, the president has become more publicly frustrated with Russia as ceasefire negotiations made little headway. "If I were sitting in the Baltics at the moment, I would be thinking very seriously about the F-35 and the constraints that might be put on me" in the long term, Sir Christopher Coville, a retired U.K. air marshal, told Newsweek.
A central European official involved with defense planning told Newsweek earlier this year that the countries operating F-35s in Europe had reassured one another their commitment to the fifth-generation stealth fighters was "ironclad." Dutch defense minister Ruben Brekelmans said in March it was in the "interest of all" for the F-35 to succeed. "I don't see any signs of the United States backtracking," Brekelmans added.
Munitions are loaded on to an F-35A Lightning II during a 'hot' integrated combat turn on June 11, 2025, at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla.
Munitions are loaded on to an F-35A Lightning II during a 'hot' integrated combat turn on June 11, 2025, at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla.
Airman 1st Class Amanda Alvarez/U.S. Air Force
The Pentagon had not signaled any intention that the U.S. would restrict use of partner nations' F-35s, the central European official said at the time. To do so would undermine U.S. defense exports across the world, they said, but added Europe's efforts to increase spending and production will gradually sideline all U.S. military imports.
The Political Moves
Adjusting to hostile messaging from the White House and a trade war at the start of the year, Canada put its planned procurement of 88 F-35 fighter jets under review. Portugal's outgoing government said in March that Lisbon needed to consider the new "geopolitical environment" when considering a recommendation to purchase F-35s, which cost roughly $100 million apiece. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said in June the review would be wrapped up by the end of the summer, and that Ottawa had discussed fighter jet and submarine purchases with NATO allies.
Trump has repeatedly called Canada the "51st state," a label slapped away by Ottawa. But the hint that the administration could annex Canada has lingered, albeit as an unlikely prospect. Retired Lieutenant General Yvan Blondin, commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force from 2012 until 2015, has advocated for a long, hard look at Canada's F-35 order. It is worth examining whether fourth-generation alternatives could work, he told Newsweek, but said "there's no better military option" than the U.S. stealth jet.
Sixth-Generation Fighters
Several different sixth-generation programs are in the works, piecing together manned fighter jets designed to be even harder to detect than their predecessors. Expected to come into service from the mid-2030s, they are also more automated and kitted out with more advanced avionics and weapons. The U.K., Italy and Japan have banded together on a sixth-generation fighter program called the Global Combat Air Programme—an industrial partnership underwritten by government treaties. On July 17, British defense giant BAE Systems unveiled the demonstrator aircraft for GCAP, expected to be able to fly within the next three years, and testing technologies that will go into the jet, called Tempest. France, Germany and Spain are working on a Future Combat Air System project, or FCAS, although it is currently expected to produce a sixth generation jet up to 10 years after GCAP.
And there was tension last month after France told Germany it wanted a workshare of 80 percent in the project.
The U.S. has two main programs, one for the Air Force, one for the Navy. Trump unveiled the Air Force's F-47 at a March briefing. "We're confident that it massively overpowers the capabilities of any other nation," he said. The Pentagon hopes to prioritize F-47 development over the Navy's parallel program, F/A-XX. It believes pursuing two programs at once could slow down both, Bloomberg reported in June.
But Trump, in the same briefing, said the version of the "most advanced, most capable, most lethal aircraft ever built" sold to allies would be "toned down" by 10 percent. It is widely accepted that the U.S. has blunted its cutting-edge technology before it is shipped abroad, experts and officials said. It was the overt acknowledgment of something that had for decades been expressed in private that threw allies and prospective buyers, said the central European official. "This is not a great selling point for the F-47," said Blondin.
An F-35 is assembled at Lockheed Martin Fort Worth Texas.
An F-35 is assembled at Lockheed Martin Fort Worth Texas.
MSgt USMC ret Randy A. Crites/Lockheed Martin Corporation
There is a "bigger incentive" now for European NATO members to be involved in European-led sixth-generation programs, the central European official previously told Newsweek. They said they expected more countries to want to have a look-in at the development of these aircraft, and particularly to have their domestic industry contribute to sixth-generation programs.
There will certainly be more interest in the jets' development on the continent now than before Trump was reelected, said Gabrielius Landsbergis, who served as Lithuania's foreign minister until November 2024.
"There will be an increased pressure on pan-European projects, that is for sure," Landsbergis told Newsweek.