
Ecuador national assembly passes gang-fighting reforms
QUITO, June 7 (Reuters) - Ecuador's National Assembly on Saturday approved a reform backed by President Daniel Noboa to arm the government with new legal powers to confront armed groups and dismantle the drug-trafficking networks that fuel their criminal enterprises.
The bill was backed by 84 of the 141 lawmakers who were present in the legislature. Forty-six lawmakers voted against it, 10 abstained and one turned in a blank vote.
Noboa, 37, who began a full four-year term last month, declared an "internal armed conflict" in January 2024 against criminal gangs, just a couple of months after he was first inaugurated as president.
Since declaring the campaign against gangs, Noboa has issued emergency decrees, opens new tab to put military boots on the ground alongside police, significantly ramping up security forces.
He has also overseen an increase in prison sentences for drug-related crimes and is pursuing closer collaboration with the United States and other nations for intelligence sharing and resources.
The new legal framework gives Noboa more freedom to redirect resources toward crime-fighting measures.
He will also have the power to pardon police and military personnel for their conduct in security operations.
Officers under criminal investigation will also avoid pre-trial detention but will be subject to evaluations every six months, according to the approved text.
The reforms as well introduce penalties of up to 30 years for fuel theft, which costs hundreds of millions of dollars for the oil industry. Authorities say this crime, along with illegal mining, has grown in recent years and is a key source of funding for criminal gangs.
Assets linked to criminal groups can be directly seized by security forces, a significant shift allowing for more immediate confiscation compared to previous, often lengthy, judicial processes for asset forfeiture.
Individuals who lead, belong to, or collaborate with these groups will face prison sentences of up to 30 years.
The reforms also include economic incentives for sectors affected by the violence.
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These are eventually transported across Asia and the Pacific, to countries as far away as Japan, Australia and New Zealand, via trafficking networks operated by what experts say are 'agile, well-resourced' criminal gangs. But often, their first port of call is Thailand – and the porous border that spans either side of Mae Sai town, where Lt Ketsopon and his unit are among the troops attempting to intercept smugglers. 'People cross the border on foot with backpacks full of drugs,' says Lt Ketsopon, as we trudge along a remote stretch of the 22km border which his unit at Doi Changmub monitors. 'The paths are not easy, and we don't have enough manpower in comparison to the region we have to cover.' When the unit does encounter smugglers – usually in night time ambushes, organised with intelligence from a network of informants on both sides of the border – the clashes can be deadly. Across Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai provinces in northern Thailand, there were 37 confrontations between October 1 and April 30, and 13 smugglers died, according to military data from the Pha Mueng Taskforce. Lt Ketsopon's unit was involved in one of these deadly clashes, at 5am on a Sunday morning in February. 'We never fire a weapon before the other side. In our playbook you don't do that. But we said we were officers of the law – and soon, 15 to 20 people were firing at us in the dark … with handmade guns and AK47s,' he says. The clash, which he thinks lasted no more than 10 minutes, did not bring arrests – the surviving smugglers fled back into Myanmar, where Thai soldiers cannot follow. But the troops seized 15 rucksacks of drugs, with three million methamphetamine pills inside. 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'In the past, to catch like 100,000 methamphetamine tablets was a big deal. Now we catch more than a million pills, and it's just a normal day,' he says. 'It's getting a lot worse.' It's like a game of whack-a-mole. Military units constantly patrol chunks of the border, working with informants to ambush supply routes, often in collaboration with the police. But it's a long, porous border and the smugglers are smart. No matter how much authorities confiscate, the drugs keep coming. 'Countries in the Mekong, especially Thailand, are seizing about the same amount of methamphetamines as we are seeing between Latin America and the United States,' says UNODC's Mr Hofmann. 'But if you look at the capacities, at the resources available to make those seizures, it's very different.' Experts note that there are significant overlaps with the criminal syndicates running scam compounds and illegal online casinos in the region, and there is no obvious way of stopping production of the drugs at source in war-torn Myanmar. 'The volume of drugs being produced and coming across [the Thai-Myanmar border] is almost never-ending. The nature of synthetic drugs means that they're very easily producible, easily replaceable, and relatively cheap to manufacture,' says Mr Hofmann. Two changes could help tackle the issue: cutting off the chemicals going into Myanmar that are used in the production process; and resolving the insecurities plaguing Myanmar. But neither seem likely. 'It doesn't matter how well you organise a response on the Thai side, it is very difficult to see the same happening on the Myanmar side. So finding a solution to the situation in Myanmar needs to be part of the solution for the drug issues this region faces,' says Mr Hofmann. 'But at the end of the day, this is a supply driven market – drug traffickers steer the supply, but people somewhere are using these vast volumes of synthetic drugs,' he adds. Exactly how drug use has shifted across the region is not yet well understood, but UNODC says it seems to be increasing in countries along the trafficking routes. In Thailand, for instance, household drug use surveys between 2016 and 2024 suggest methamphetamine tablet use is 'rapidly expanding', the UN agency said. Many of the soldiers on patrol in northern Thailand's mountains have witnessed these issues first-hand. Troops say the damage wrought by drugs at home and abroad is a major motivation for them as they spend long nights hiding in the forest's undergrowth. 'I've seen people in my communities using drugs and hallucinating, or starting to hurt their own family members,' says Lt Ketsopon, as we climb the hill back towards the military trucks after a successful set of drills. 'When I was growing up, I thought being a soldier would be about fighting and battling,' he adds. 'But I think this is an important thing to be a part of; to stop these drugs getting into the country.'


Reuters
5 hours ago
- Reuters
Ecuador national assembly passes gang-fighting reforms
QUITO, June 7 (Reuters) - Ecuador's National Assembly on Saturday approved a reform backed by President Daniel Noboa to arm the government with new legal powers to confront armed groups and dismantle the drug-trafficking networks that fuel their criminal enterprises. The bill was backed by 84 of the 141 lawmakers who were present in the legislature. Forty-six lawmakers voted against it, 10 abstained and one turned in a blank vote. Noboa, 37, who began a full four-year term last month, declared an "internal armed conflict" in January 2024 against criminal gangs, just a couple of months after he was first inaugurated as president. Since declaring the campaign against gangs, Noboa has issued emergency decrees, opens new tab to put military boots on the ground alongside police, significantly ramping up security forces. He has also overseen an increase in prison sentences for drug-related crimes and is pursuing closer collaboration with the United States and other nations for intelligence sharing and resources. The new legal framework gives Noboa more freedom to redirect resources toward crime-fighting measures. He will also have the power to pardon police and military personnel for their conduct in security operations. Officers under criminal investigation will also avoid pre-trial detention but will be subject to evaluations every six months, according to the approved text. The reforms as well introduce penalties of up to 30 years for fuel theft, which costs hundreds of millions of dollars for the oil industry. Authorities say this crime, along with illegal mining, has grown in recent years and is a key source of funding for criminal gangs. Assets linked to criminal groups can be directly seized by security forces, a significant shift allowing for more immediate confiscation compared to previous, often lengthy, judicial processes for asset forfeiture. Individuals who lead, belong to, or collaborate with these groups will face prison sentences of up to 30 years. The reforms also include economic incentives for sectors affected by the violence.