
U.S.-backed regime change has a checkered past — Iran may be no different
The reason that was successful was that the scale of the threat was global and existential, and so the commitment of the Allies was total, Vinjamuri said.
'The problem comes when states are ambivalent about their interests and commitments,' she added.
Even then, unforeseen consequences can emerge decades later — no less than in Iran itself.
In 1953, the CIA backed a coup against Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh and installed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in his place. That sowed the seeds of 1979's Islamic Revolution — and with it the anti-Western, repressive theocracy of Iran today.
This week, Trump is considering a possible military strike on Iran — openly musing that he could kill Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei but that he was choosing not to for now.
Among those alarmed at the prospect of regime change is French President Emmanuel Macron, who warned Tuesday it would create "chaos" in the region.
Even if Trump did assassinate Khamenei, 'assassinating the man at the top' rarely works, said Nic Cheeseman, a professor of democracy at England's University of Birmingham. 'Political systems are deeply entrenched and chopping off the most visible head of the hydra doesn't mean the whole system will collapse.'
Rather than using violence — 'which can encourage further conflict in the future' — a stable government 'is more likely to happen if it is achieved by domestic protest and social movements,' he said. 'The population also gets a founding democratic myth that can be recalled during future moments of struggle.'
Hashtags

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


North Wales Chronicle
7 minutes ago
- North Wales Chronicle
Keir Starmer chairs Cobra meeting as Donald Trump says he ‘may' strike Iran
The high-level meeting follows the Prime Minister's return from the G7 summit in Canada at which he and other world leaders reiterated their 'commitment to peace and stability'. But the US president, who left the summit a day early, told reporters outside the White House on Wednesday that he was considering strikes on Iran's nuclear facilities. He said: 'I may do it. I may not do it. I mean, nobody knows what I'm going to do.' A Downing Street spokesperson said: 'The Prime Minister chaired a ministerial Cobra meeting this afternoon on the situation in the Middle East. 'Ministers were updated on efforts to support British nationals in region and protect regional security, as well as ongoing diplomatic efforts.' Sir Keir is expected to continue speaking to regional leaders later on Wednesday. Israel and Iran have exchanged fire over the past six days after air strikes which Tel Aviv said were aimed at preventing Tehran developing a nuclear weapon. Iranian officials insist the country's nuclear programme is peaceful, and claim Israel has caused hundreds of civilian casualties. Israeli jets continued to attack Tehran on Tuesday night, but the Iranian response appears to have diminished, with only 10 missiles intercepted by Israel's Iron Dome defence system during the night. Mr Trump said Iran had 'got a lot of trouble and they want to negotiate', adding it was 'very late to be talking' but 'we may meet'. On Tuesday night, the president had used his Truth Social platform to describe Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei as an 'easy target'. He later posted the words 'Unconditional surrender', prompting Mr Khamenei to warn that any American military involvement would result in 'irreparable damage' to the US. Amid questions over potential American involvement in the conflict, Sir Keir convened his senior ministers for a meeting of the Government's emergency Cobra committee to discuss the deteriorating security situation in the Middle East. The Foreign Office has evacuated family members of embassy staff from Israel, but has not advised British nationals to leave the country. The department said the evacuation was temporary and a 'precautionary measure', with staff remaining at the embassy in Tel Aviv and the consulate in Jerusalem. A spokesperson for the Foreign Office said: 'Our embassy in Tel Aviv and consulate in Jerusalem remain fully staffed and continue to provide consular services to those who require assistance.' Downing Street would not say whether British nationals should attempt to leave the country. A Number 10 spokesman would only say that the Government's 'key message' was to 'follow the advice of local authorities on staying close to shelter'. Britons have already been advised against all travel to Israel, and those already in the country have been urged to register their presence with the embassy. The Foreign Office has also said land borders with Jordan and Egypt remain open, and consular teams are in position to provide assistance to British nationals who choose to leave Israel by land. The Number 10 spokesman added: 'This is a fast-moving situation. We are keeping all our advice under constant review and the FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office) continues to plan for a variety of developments, as you would expect.' Sir Keir had earlier insisted that Mr Trump was interested in de-escalation in the Middle East, saying 'nothing' he had heard from the president suggested Washington was poised to get involved. Asked whether the Prime Minister was confident that Mr Trump would not involve US forces in the conflict, a Number 10 spokesman said the UK's position was still that 'we want to de-escalate rather than escalate'.

Leader Live
9 minutes ago
- Leader Live
Israeli warplanes hammer Iranian capital
Ten missiles were intercepted by Israel overnight as Iran's retaliatory barrages diminished. Iran, meanwhile, has warned that any US intervention in the conflict would risk 'all-out war in the region'. Israel is carrying out blistering attacks on Iran's nuclear programme and military sites that began with a surprise bombardment on Friday. A Washington-based Iranian human rights group said at least 585 people, including 239 civilians, have been killed and more than 1,300 wounded. Shops have been closed across Iran's capital, Tehran, including in its famed Grand Bazaar, as people wait in queues for petrol and pack roads leading out of the city to escape the onslaught. Iran has fired some 400 missiles and hundreds of drones in retaliatory strikes that have killed at least 24 people in Israel and injured hundreds. Some have hit apartment buildings in central Israel, causing heavy damage, and air raid sirens have repeatedly forced Israelis to run for shelter. Iran has fired fewer missiles in each of its barrages, with just a handful launched on Wednesday. It has not explained the decline, but it comes after Israel targeted many Iranian launchers. All eyes are on Washington, where US President Donald Trump initially distanced himself from the Israeli attacks but has hinted at greater American involvement, saying he wants something 'much bigger' than a ceasefire. The US has also sent more warplanes to the region. The Washington-based group Human Rights Activists said it had identified 239 of those killed in Israeli strikes as civilians and 126 as security personnel. The group, which also provided detailed casualty figures during 2022 protests over the death of Mahsa Amini, cross-checks local reports against a network of sources it has developed in the country. Iran has not been publishing regular death tolls during the conflict and has minimized casualties in the past. Its last update, issued Monday, put the death toll at 224 people killed and 1,277 others wounded. A major explosion could be heard around 5am local time (2.30am BST) in Tehran on Wednesday morning, following earlier explosions during the night. Authorities in Iran offered no acknowledgement of the attacks, which has become increasingly common as the Israeli air strikes have intensified. At least one strike appeared to target Tehran's eastern Hakimiyeh area, where the paramilitary Revolutionary Guard has an academy. We must give a strong response to the terrorist Zionist regime. We will show the Zionists no mercy. — (@khamenei_ir) June 17, 2025 Israel says it launched the strikes to prevent Iran from building a nuclear weapon, after talks between the United States and Iran over a diplomatic resolution had made little visible progress over two months but were still ongoing. Mr Trump has said Israel's campaign came after a 60-day window he set for the talks. Iran insists its nuclear programme is peaceful, though it is the only non-nuclear-armed state to enrich uranium up to 60%, a short, technical step away from weapons-grade levels of 90%. US intelligence agencies have said they did not believe Iran was actively pursuing the bomb. As the conflict entered a sixth day, neither side showed signs of backing down. 'We will show the Zionists no mercy,' Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said in a post on his official X account. 'A storm is passing over Tehran,' Israeli defence minister Israel Katz posted. 'This is how dictatorships collapse.'

Leader Live
9 minutes ago
- Leader Live
Trump will not say whether he will move forward with US strikes on Iran
'I may do it, I may not do it,' Mr Trump said in an exchange with reporters at the White House. 'I mean, nobody knows what I'm going to do.' Mr Trump added that it is not 'too late' for Iran to give up its nuclear programme as he continues to weigh direct US involvement in Israel's military operations aimed at crushing Tehran's options. 'Nothing's too late,' Mr Trump said. 'I can tell you this. Iran's got a lot of trouble.' 'Nothing is finished until it is finished,' Mr Trump added. But 'the next week is going to be very big — maybe less than a week'. Mr Trump also offered a terse response to Iran Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's refusal to heed to his call for Iran to submit to an unconditional surrender. 'I say good luck,' Mr Trump said. Mr Khamenei earlier warned that any United States strikes targeting the Islamic Republic will 'result in irreparable damage for them' and that his country would not bow to Mr Trump's call for surrender. Mr Trump said on Tuesday the US knows where Iran's Mr Khamenei is hiding as the the Israel-Iran conflict escalates but does not want him killed — 'for now'. 'He is an easy target, but is safe there – We are not going to take him out (kill!), at least not for now,' Mr Trump said. Mr Trump's increasingly muscular comments toward the Iranian government come after he urged Tehran's 9.5 million residents to flee for their lives as he cut short his participation in an international summit earlier this week to return to Washington for urgent talks with his national security team. Mr Trump said that the Iranian officials continue to reach out to the White House as they are 'getting the hell beaten out of them' by Israel. But he added there is a 'big difference between now and a week ago' in Tehran's negotiating position. 'They've suggested that they come to the White House — that's, you know, courageous,' Mr Trump said. Iran's mission to the United Nations refuted Mr Trump's claim in a statement on social media. 'No Iranian official has ever asked to grovel at the gates of the White House. The only thing more despicable than his lies is his cowardly threat to 'take out' Iran's Supreme Leader.' The US president said earlier this week Russian president Vladimir Putin offered to serve a mediator with. But Mr Trump said he told Mr Putin to keep focused on finding an endgame to his own conflict with Ukraine. 'I said, 'Do me a favour, mediate your own',' Mr Trump said he told Mr Putin. 'I said, 'Vladimir, let's mediate Russia first. You can worry about this later'.' The Russia-Iran relationship has deepened since Mr Putin launched a war on Ukraine in February 2022, with Tehran providing Moscow with drones, ballistic missiles, and other support, according to US intelligence findings.