
Scientists develop a temporary tattoo that detects date rape drugs in drinks within 1 SECOND
But detecting if your drink has been spiked could soon be as simple as dabbing some of it onto your arm.
Scientists from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology have developed a temporary tattoo that can detect the presence of 'date rape' drugs.
If the tattoo detects even low concentrations of y–hydroxybutyrate (GHB), it will change from yellow to red.
Best of all, this process is almost instantaneous – taking around one second, according to the researchers.
There are already a range of measures available for drinkers to limit access to their drinks, including anti–spiking drink covers and films.
However, the researchers hope the new tattoo will offer a quick and simple way to ensure beverages are safe.
'This innovation represents a proactive and accessible solution for preventing DFSAs –[drug–related sexual assault], enhancing personal safety, and fostering a sense of control and awareness in high–risk environments,' the team explained.
Spiking occurs when someone puts drugs into another person's drink without their knowledge or consent – often to make it easier to rape or sexually assault them.
'Spiking can happen for different reasons – for example, because someone thinks it's funny or because someone wants to commit a crime against the person they're spiking, such as theft, rape or sexual assault,' Rape Crisis explains on its website.
'Whatever the motive, spiking is never okay or funny.
'It can make a person extremely vulnerable and ill, and have a lasting impact on their wellbeing and life.'
One of the most common date rape drugs is GHB, which can cause dizziness, confusion, short–term amnesia, and even unconsciousness.
Unfortunately, detecting if your drink has been spiked can prove tricky.
Writing in their study, published in ACS Sensors, the team, led by Kim Gyeong–Ji, explained: 'The drug used for date rape is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, which can be completely dissolved in beverages to avoid suspicion.'
There are already several GHB detection measures available, including specialised strips or cards that change colour when exposed to the drug.
To create the tattoo stickers, the researchers placed a mold over the top of a thin plastic film, decorated with tattoo–like designs
However, most of these are time consuming, and aren't exactly subtle.
In their new study, the team set out to develop a more accessible alternative – eventually settling on a temporary tattoo.
To create the tattoo stickers, the researchers placed a mold over the top of a thin plastic film, decorated with tattoo–like designs.
They then poured in a gel mixture containing a chemical receptor that turns red in the presence of GHB.
Finally, they coated the back of the sticker with glue, so it could stick to the skin.
To test the tattoo's accuracy, the team applied dabs of GHB dissolved in a variety of beverages, incuding whisky, vodka, beer, soju, and coffee.
Across all beverages, the researchers found that the tattoo could detect the drug - even at low concentrations.
'In practice, a wearer could dip a finger into a beverage, touch the drop to the sticker and see the result almost immediately,' the researchers explained in a statement.
What's more, the sticker displays the positive result for up to 30 days, which could be helpful if it's needed as evidence.
Unfortunately, the price and timeline for availablity of the tattoo remain unclear at this stay.
However, the researchers reassure that the sticker is 'inexpensive and easy to manufacture', and say it will be commercially available 'soon'.
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Medical News Today
21 minutes ago
- Medical News Today
GLP-1s may offer better dementia protection than metformin
There were about 589 million adults around the world living with diabetes in 2024, with 90% having type 2 diabetes. Past studies have shown that people who have type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dementia. A new study has found that when it comes to the neuroprotective abilities of diabetes medications, people taking GLP-1 agonists had a significantly lower cumulative risk of developing dementia, when compared to metformin International Diabetes Federation reports there were about 589 million adults around the world living with diabetes in 2024, with 90% of these having type 2 diabetes. Past studies show that people who have type 2 diabetes — a chronic condition where the body does not use its insulin properly — are at a higher risk of developing dementia. 'Type 2 diabetes is not only a metabolic disorder but also a major risk factor for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease and other nonvascular dementias,' Szu-Yuan Wu, MD, MPH, PhD, professor of radiation oncology and pharmacoepidemiology at Asia University, and director of the Big Data Center at Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation at Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, both in Taiwan, told Medical News Today.'The risk of developing dementia is approximately 1.7 times higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes than in the general population. This imposes significant burdens on families and healthcare systems,' Wu is first and co-senior author of a new study recently published in the journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research & study found that when comparing the neuroprotective abilities of two diabetes medications — metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists) — participants taking GLP-1 agonists had a significantly lower cumulative risk of developing dementia, when compared to metformin. Comparing GLP-1s, metformin head-to-headFor this study, researchers analyzed electronic health record data from the global health research network TriNetX. Scientists focused on data from more than 87,000 people with an average age of 58 who had type 2 diabetes and were prescribed either metformin or a GLP-1 agonist, to track any dementia development. 'Although metformin is widely accepted as the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, its effects on cognitive outcomes have been inconsistent,' Wu said. 'We aimed to investigate whether starting with a second-line agent like GLP-1 agonists might confer greater protective effects against dementia.'No previous real-world study has directly compared GLP-1 agonists and metformin head-to-head for dementia prevention,' he continued. 'If GLP-1 agonists show superior neuroprotective benefits, this could challenge the traditional treatment paradigm and support initiating therapy with GLP-1 agonists in selected patients.''GLP-1 agonists have demonstrated mechanisms that include reducing neuroinflammation, enhancing cerebral glucose metabolism, and improving synaptic plasticity,' Wu added. 'Given these benefits, it is imperative that we continue exploring their broader therapeutic potential beyond glucose lowering.'GLP-1s lower Alzheimer's risk by 12% compared to metforminAt the study's conclusion, Wu and his team found that study participants taking GLP-1 agonists had a significantly lower cumulative risk of developing dementia — namely, 10% — with an incidence of about 2.5%.By comparison, the dementia incidence rate for those taking metformin was almost 5%. 'This nearly twofold difference in dementia incidence is clinically significant,' Wu explained.'It suggests that initiating treatment with GLP-1 agonists may be more effective than metformin in reducing dementia risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Given the high prevalence of both diabetes and dementia in aging populations, this strategy may reduce long-term public health burdens, including healthcare costs, caregiver stress, and institutionalization needs.'– Szu-Yuan Wu, MD, MPH, PhDThe researcher team also discovered that study participants taking GLP-1 agonists had a 25% lower risk of developing non-vascular dementias and a 12% lower chance of developing Alzheimer's disease, compared to participants taking metformin. 'These subtype-specific findings reinforce the mechanistic rationale for GLP-1 agonists in neuroprotection,' Wu said. 'They are known to reduce amyloid-beta accumulation, suppress tau hyperphosphorylation, improve cerebrovascular integrity, and lower systemic inflammation.''These effects are not only theoretical; clinical trials of agents like liraglutide have shown cognitive improvements in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Our results support that these biological actions may translate into meaningful risk reduction in real-world populations,' he detailed.A novel, effective way of lowering dementia risk?MNT had the opportunity to speak with Michael Snyder, MD, FACS, FASMBS, medical director of the Bariatric Surgery Center at Rose Medical Center, founder and director of the Denver Center for Bariatric Surgery Foundation, and in-house obesity specialist for FuturHealth, about this study. Snyder, who was not involved in the research, commented that these findings are quite significant as an introduction to a novel and seemingly extremely effective way of decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes related dementia, specifically, Alzheimer's disease and nonvascular dementia. 'Early research has suggested that GLP-1 medications may offer powerful benefits for brain health,' he explained. 'Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are all known to increase the risk of dementia, largely due to their role in driving inflammation, vascular damage, and other long-term stressors on the brain. By targeting these underlying issues, GLP-1s, which are already widely used to treat obesity and diabetes, may offer indirect protection against cognitive diseases,' Snyder pointed out.'In addition, emerging evidence shows that GLP-1s may have direct neurological effects, influencing memory, cognitive function, and neuroinflammation,' he continued. 'Although promising, long-term studies and clinical trials are needed to fully understand GLP-1s impact on the brain. With that said, GLP-1s could play a pivotal role in preventing or slowing neurodegenerative diseases, marking a major step forward in the future of brain health.'More research needed for definitive conclusionsMNT also spoke to Jennifer Cheng, DO, chief of endocrinology at Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center in New Jersey, about this research. 'As an endocrinologist who treats type 2 diabetes on a regular basis, I found the study to be thought provoking and an interesting avenue of research,' Cheng, who likewise was not involved in the research, commented. 'The cognitive complications of diabetes can be significant and life debilitating. The protective effect for diabetes is promising and may help with treatment decisions in the future. It is an interesting method of research and can lead to further discoveries.' 'We are discovering new effects of the GLP-1 medications and it is interesting to see the possible protective effects. Patients with diabetes do have increased risk for neurological disorders including vascular issues and dementia. This is just an observational study so there can be no conclusions about the medications being the definitive cause of the decreased risk of Alzheimer's and/or dementia.'– Jennifer Cheng, DO'For research next steps, it would be interesting to see the new GLP-1 medications, and effects of the GLP-1s, studied to see if it is definitive,' Cheng added. 'We cannot conclude that based on an observational study that the GLP-1 was the primary agent to help prevent the cognitive complications of diabetes, but it does warrant further investigation, especially with new GLP-1 medications in development.'


The Sun
an hour ago
- The Sun
Intense grief after the loss of a loved one doubles the risk of dying within 10 years, warn experts
PEOPLE intensely grieving a loved one are nearly twice as likely to die within a decade of their loss, say scientists. While grief for the loss of a relative is a natural response, in a minority of the bereaved, grief is so overwhelming it can lead to physical and mental illness - even if it doesn't qualify for a diagnosis. 1 Previous studies have shown people who recently lost a loved one use healthcare services more often and have an increased mortality rate, over the short term. But now, researchers in Denmark demonstrated bereaved people with persistent high levels of intense grief used more healthcare services and were more likely to die within 10 years. Study corresponding author Dr Mette Kjærgaard Nielsen, a postdoctoral researcher at the Research Unit for General Practice in Aarhus, said: "This is the first study to investigate the long-term use of healthcare and patterns of mortality over a decade after bereavement in a large-scale cohort." Starting in 2012, Dr Nielsen and her colleagues followed a group of 1,735 bereaved women and men living in Denmark with an average age of 62 on enrolment. Of the participants, 66 per cent had recently lost their partner, 27 per cent a parent, and 7 per cent another kind of loved relation. Through the national register of drug prescriptions, the researchers knew which patients had recently been prescribed treatment for a terminal condition. They were able to contact those dying patients to invite them and their loved ones to participate in the study. Previously, Dr Nielsen and her colleagues. had identified five common "trajectories" among the group, based on changes in the intensity of grief symptoms over the first three years after losing a loved one. Those on the "low" trajectory (38 per cent) displayed persistently low levels of grief symptoms, while 6 per cent followed a "high" trajectory with persistently elevated levels. Three other categories lay between those extremes: 18 per cent and 29 percent followed a "high but decreasing" and a "moderate but decreasing" trajectory, respectively, with 9 per cent on a "late onset" trajectory with a peak of symptoms around six month after bereavement. There are many treatments available on the NHS to help with low mood and depression The research team extended their follow-up of the participants for a total of 10 years until 2022, except for those who died or emigrated earlier. They used data from the Danish National Health Service Register to assess how often each participant received " talk therapy" from a GP or specialist, or were prescribed any psychotropic medication. The results revealed for participants on the "high" trajectory, the hazard rate of dying within 10 years was 88 per cent higher than for participants on a "low" trajectory. The findings, published in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, also showed participants on the "high" trajectory were most likely to receive additional health care services beyond three years after bereavement. For example, they had 186 per cent higher odds of receiving talk therapy or other mental health services, 463 per cent higher odds of being prescribed antidepressants, and 160 per cent higher odds of being prescribed sedatives or anxiety drugs. Differences in the frequency of use of healthcare services between the five trajectories were no longer significant after the first eight years, but the excess mortality of participants on the "high" trajectory remained pronounced over the full 10 years of follow-up. Dr Nielsen said: "We have previously found a connection between high grief symptom levels and higher rates of cardiovascular disease, mental health problems, and even suicide. "But the association with mortality should be further investigated." She says people at risk for a "high" grief trajectory may be recognisable for intervention early, since the data showed that those patients were prescribed psychotropic medication more often even before their loss. Dr Nielsen added: "The 'high grief' group had lower education on average, and their more frequent use of medication before bereavement suggested that they had signs of mental vulnerability, which may cause greater distress on bereavement. "A GP could look for previous signs of depression and other severe mental health conditions. "They can then offer these patients tailored follow-up in general practice, or refer them to a private-practice psychologist or secondary care. "The GP may also suggest a bereavement follow-up appointment focusing on mental health." Where to seek grief support Need professional help with grief? Child Bereavement UK Cruse Bereavement Relate The Good Grief Trust You can also always speak to your GP if you're struggling. You're Not Alone Check out these books, podcasts and apps that all expertly navigate grief… Griefcast: Cariad Lloyd interviews comedians on this award-winning podcast. The Madness Of Grief by Rev Richard Coles (£9.99, W&N): The Strictly fave writes movingly on losing his husband David to alcoholism. Terrible, Thanks For Asking: Podcast host Nora McInerny encourages non-celebs to share how they're really feeling. Good Mourning by Sally Douglas and Imogen Carn (£14.99, Murdoch Books): A guide for people who've suffered sudden loss, like the authors who both lost their mums. Grief Works: Download this for daily meditations and expert tips. How To Grieve Like A Champ by Lianna Champ (£3.99, Red Door Press): A book for improving your relationship with death.


Daily Mail
3 hours ago
- Daily Mail
Is toxic air putting YOU at risk of dementia? Map reveals UK's pollution hotspots as disturbing research links dirty air to deadly brain condition
Scientists have uncovered yet more evidence to link developing dementia with air pollution—and this interactive map reveals the parts of the UK which are spluttering beneath clouds of toxic smog. The leading cause of dementia, Alzheimer's, is estimated to affect 57.4 million people worldwide. Meanwhile, memory-robbing illness dementia, strikes 982,000 people in the UK, with cases predicted to rise to 1.4million by 2040. In a fresh analysis, a team of University of Cambridge researchers looked at existing studies connecting cases of dementia to air pollution. They examined a total of 51 studies that included data from more than 29 million participants globally. Their findings revealed a positive and statistically significant link between dementia and three different types of air pollution. These included particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and soot. PM25 is a pollutant made up of tiny particles, small enough that they can be inhaled in the lungs from, for example, car fumes, industrial emissions and gas stoves. NO2 is a pollutant released from the burning of fossil fuels. Similarly, soot can be released through trendy wood burners and wood burning stoves. The researchers found that for every ten micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter (µg/m³), the risk of dementia increased by 17 per cent. This is concerning as the average roadside measurement of PM2.5 in central London is ten µg/m³. Meanwhile for every ten µg/m³ of NO2, the risk of dementia increased by three per cent; the average roadside measurement for the pollutant in the Capital is 33µg/m³. And for every one µg/m³ of soot, which is found in PM2.5, the risk increased by 13 per cent. The average soot concentrations at roadsides measured in 2023 were 0.93 µg/m³ in London, 1.51 µg/m³ in Birmingham and 0.65 µg/m³ in Glasgow. Lead author Dr Haneen Khreis said their findings support evidence that long-term exposure to air pollution is linked to the 'onset of dementia in previously healthy adults'. 'Tackling air pollution can deliver long-term health, social, climate and economic benefit. It can reduce the immense burden on patients, families, and caregivers, while easing pressure on overstretched healthcare systems,' he added. In response to the findings, Dr Mark Dallas, a neuroscience specialist at the University of Reading told MailOnline: 'We still need to understand exactly how these pollutants damage the brain and increase the diversity in dementia research participants. 'This will help us learn more about how air pollution affects different types of dementia and whether some communities face higher risks than others.' Dr Isolde Radford, senior policy manager at Alzheimer's Research UK, added: 'This rigorous review adds to mounting evidence that exposure to air pollution – from traffic fumes to wood burners – increases the risk of developing dementia. 'But poor air quality doesn't affect all communities equally. As this analysis highlights, marginalised groups are often exposed to higher levels of pollution, yet remain underrepresented in research. 'Future studies must reflect the full diversity of society – because those most at risk could stand to benefit the most from action.' There have been many suggestions by experts as to why air pollution causes dementia. Some have proposed it causes inflammation of the brain and oxidative stress—when cells, proteins and DNA is damaged. These two processes have been strongly linked to the devastating illness dementia, the authors said. They explained, when we breathe in these pollutants they can trigger these processes through direct entry to the brain. Air pollution can also enter circulation from the lungs, travelling to solid organs, initiating local and wide-spread inflammation, they warned. Other studies have shown dementia may also be caused by hearing loss, social isolation and smoking. Meanwhile, toxic outdoor air pollution has also been linked to lung cancer and colon cancer. Specifically, the cancers were linked to the pollutants PM2.5, NO2, and ozone—a secondary pollutant created NO2 reacts with others in the sunlight. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has long demanded countries to combat air pollution, which is thought to kill seven million globally.