Hong Kong's CK Hutchison seeks Chinese investor to join Panama Ports deal
CK Hutchison Holdings' initial plan to sell its port assets to a group that includes U.S. investment firm BlackRock Inc. pleased President Donald Trump, who has alleged that China interferes with the critical shipping lane's operations in Panama. However, they apparently angered Beijing and drew a review from Chinese anti-monopoly authorities.
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Trump pressures China and India to stop buying cheap Russian oil
U.S. President Donald Trump is pushing China and India to stop buying oil from Russia and helping fund the Kremlin's war against Ukraine. Trump is raising the issue as he seeks to press Russian President Vladimir Putin to agree to a ceasefire. But cheap Russian oil benefits refiners in those countries as well as meeting their needs for energy, and they're not showing any inclination to halt the practice. Three countries are big buyers of Russian oil China, India and Turkey are the biggest recipients of oil that used to go to the European Union. The EU's decision to boycott most Russian seaborne oil from January 2023 led to a massive shift in crude flows from Europe to Asia. Since then China has been the No. 1 overall purchaser of Russian energy since the EU boycott, with some $219.5 billion worth of Russian oil, gas and coal, followed by India with $133.4 billion and Turkey with $90.3 billion. Before the invasion, India imported relatively little Russian oil. Hungary imports some Russian oil through a pipeline. Hungary is an EU member, but President Viktor Orban has been critical of sanctions against Russia. The lure of cheaper oil One big reason: It's cheap. Since Russian oil trades at a lower price than international benchmark Brent, refineries can fatten their profit margins when they turn crude into usable products such as diesel fuel. Russia's oil earnings are substantial despite sanctions The Kyiv School of Economics says Russia took in $12.6 billion from oil sales in June. Russia continues to earn substantial sums even as the Group of Seven leading industrialized nations has tried to limit Russia's take by imposing an oil price cap. The cap is to be enforced by requiring shipping and insurance companies to refuse to handle oil shipments above the cap. Russia has to a great extent been able to evade the cap by shipping oil on a 'shadow fleet' of old vessels using insurers and trading companies located in countries that are not enforcing sanctions. Russian oil exporters are predicted to take in $153 billion this year, according to the Kyiv institute. Fossil fuels are the single largest source of budget revenue. The imports support Russia's ruble currency and help Russia to buy goods from other countries, including weapons and parts for them. Error in retrieving data Sign in to access your portfolio Error in retrieving data Error in retrieving data Error in retrieving data Error in retrieving data
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[Latest] Global Paracetamol Market Size/Share Worth USD 1460.23 Million by 2034 at a 5.24% CAGR: Custom Market Insights (Analysis, Outlook, Leaders, Report, Trends, Forecast, Segmentation, Growth Rate, Value, SWOT Analysis)
[220+ Pages Latest Report] According to a market research study published by Custom Market Insights, the demand analysis of Global Paracetamol Market size & share revenue was valued at approximately USD 876.48 Million in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 922.41 Million in 2025 and is expected to reach around USD 1460.23 Million by 2034, at a CAGR of 5.24% between 2025 and 2034. The key market players listed in the report with their sales, revenues and strategies are Johnson & Johnson, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer Inc., Novartis AG, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Aspen Pharmacare, Adcock Ingram, Julphar (Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries), Ache Laboratories Pharmaceutics, EMS Pharma, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Bharat Chemicals, Farmson Pharmaceuticals, SPIMACO (Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries & Medical Appliances Corporation), Mylan N.V. (now part of Viatris) and others. Austin, TX, USA, Aug. 05, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Custom Market Insights has published a new research report titled 'Paracetamol Market Size, Trends and Insights By Product Type (Tablet, Capsule, Liquid Suspension, Powder), By Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies), By Application Type (Headache & Fever, Muscle Cramps, Cold & Cough), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034' in its research database. 'According to the latest research study, the demand of the global Paracetamol Market size & share was valued at approximately USD 876.48 Million in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 922.41 Million in 2025 and is expected to reach a value of around USD 1460.23 Million by 2034, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 5.24% during the forecast period 2025 to 2034.' Click Here to Access a Free Sample Report of the Global Paracetamol Market @ Overview As per the industry experts at CMI, the paracetamol market is expected to witness a linear CAGR during the forecast period. This could be attributed to steadiness on the part of demand for paracetamol globally. Paracetamol is being used as an antipyretic and analgesic, especially in fever and pain relief medications. The market is further catalyzed by growing healthcare awareness, increasing incidences of chronic conditions, and a rising aging population worldwide. Key Trends & Drivers Growing Incidences of Fever and Pain to Determine Growth: Ailments such as flu, headaches, arthritis, and post-operative pain are reported to be managed using paracetamol. Rising incidences on their part do directly translate into a higher demand for medication. The consumers are also increasingly developing awareness about OTC medications such as paracetamol and do prefer treating minor illnesses on their own, thereby driving its usage further. Request a Customized Copy of the Paracetamol Market Report @ Increased Usage in Surgical Applications to Catalyze the Paracetamol Market: IV paracetamol is increasingly preferred due to its ability to effectively manage moderate to severe pain without side effects linked with opioids, such as constipation and nausea. It makes provision for quicker pain relief in comparison with oral medications, thereby making it the most sought-after medication post-surgery. Report Scope Feature of the Report Details Market Size in 2025 USD 922.41 Million Projected Market Size in 2034 USD 1460.23 Million Market Size in 2024 USD 876.48 Million CAGR Growth Rate 5.24% CAGR Base Year 2024 Forecast Period 2025-2034 Key Segment By Product Type, Distribution Channel, Application Type and Region Report Coverage Revenue Estimation and Forecast, Company Profile, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors and Recent Trends Regional Scope North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South & Central America Buying Options Request tailored purchasing options to fulfil your requirements for research. (A free sample of the Paracetamol report is available upon request; please contact us for more information.) Our Free Sample Report Consists of the following: Introduction, Overview, and in-depth industry analysis are all included in the 2024 updated report. The COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak Impact Analysis is included in the package. About 220+ Pages Research Report (Including Recent Research) Provide detailed chapter-by-chapter guidance on the Request. Updated Regional Analysis with a Graphical Representation of Size, Share, and Trends for the Year 2025 Includes Tables and figures have been updated. The most recent version of the report includes the Top Market Players, their Business Strategies, Sales Volume, and Revenue Analysis Custom Market Insights (CMI) research methodology (Please note that the sample of the Paracetamol report has been modified to include the COVID-19 impact study prior to delivery.) Request a Customized Copy of the Paracetamol Market Report @ SWOT Analysis Strengths: Paracetamol is easily accessible OTC in various forms such as capsules, tablets, and liquids. It is comparatively inexpensive, thereby rendering it cost-effective for a wider consumer base. Plus, it is one of the common ingredients in various fever-reducing and pain relief products and is used for treating conditions such as muscle aches, headaches, and the common cold. Rising occurrences of lifestyle-oriented ailments are the catalysts to paracetamol market. Weaknesses: Improper dosage or overuse could cause damage to the liver. Additionally, the reliance of the market on API production in certain regions is likely to create vulnerabilities pertaining to the supply chain. Furthermore, the market is bound to face fierce competition from the manufacturers of generic medicines, which could reduce the market share of established players and reduce their overall profitability. Opportunities: Researching and developing paracetamol-based products for specified pain conditions such as migraines are likely to unlock novel market segments. Also, exploration of the use of paracetamol in conjunction with the other drugs for improved pain relief and the other therapeutic advantages could provide lucrative opportunities to the paracetamol market. Threats: Negative publicity around the safety concerns related to paracetamol is likely to negatively affect the consumers' demand and perception. Also, Volatility of costs of raw materials used in the production of paracetamol could adversely affect profitability and production costs. Emergence of newer combinations of pain management solutions could also cut down on market share. Request a Customized Copy of the Paracetamol Market Report @ Key questions answered in this report: What is the size of the Paracetamol market and what is its expected growth rate? What are the primary driving factors that push the Paracetamol market forward? What are the Paracetamol Industry's top companies? What are the different categories that the Paracetamol Market caters to? What will be the fastest-growing segment or region? In the value chain, what role do essential players play? What is the procedure for getting a free copy of the Paracetamol market sample report and company profiles? Key Offerings: Market Share, Size & Forecast by Revenue | 2025−2034 Market Dynamics – Growth Drivers, Restraints, Investment Opportunities, and Leading Trends Market Segmentation – A detailed analysis by Types of Services, by End-User Services, and by regions Competitive Landscape – Top Key Vendors and Other Prominent Vendors Buy this Premium Paracetamol Research Report | Fast Delivery Available - [220+ Pages] @ Regional Perspective The paracetamol market is divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and LAMEA. North America North America leads the paracetamol market, and the status quo is expected to remain unchanged during the forecast period. This is credited to rising incidences of migraines, headaches, and fever all across the U.S. The American Migraine Foundation states that the year 2020 witnessed the presence of over 4 million adults in the U.S. battling chronic daily migraine, that too, with close to 15 headaches per month. The government is also handsomely investing in research regarding therapeutics for chronic pain. As per the May 2022 update from the NIH (National Institute of Health), the government of the U.S. did spend USD 689 Million and USD 725 Million in 2020 and 2021 respectively in this regard. Europe Europe is expected to hold a significant share of the paracetamol market owing to an increase in healthcare spending on the part of the governments. The tropical regions are prone to year-round influenza, which is fueling the market therein. The EU has set stringent regulatory standards for various pharmaceuticals (inclusive of paracetamol), which ascertain safety and quality. Asia Pacific Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest CAGR in the paracetamol market during the forecast period. This could be due to a rise in the population suffering from the common cold, cough, fever, and migraine. China and India are the major manufacturers of paracetamol APIs. They are thus paving the way for cost-effective supply chains. LAMEA Individuals in LAMEA are gaining more awareness regarding the advantages of self-treating the minor ailments with OTC medications such as paracetamol, thereby resulting in a higher rate of consumption. Increase in accessibility of e-Commerce platforms and online pharmacies is making it simpler for the consumers based in LAMEA to buy paracetamol, thereby boosting the market further. Request a Customized Copy of the Paracetamol Market Report @ (We customized your report to meet your specific research requirements. Inquire with our sales team about customizing your report.) Still, Looking for More Information? Do OR Want Data for Inclusion in magazines, case studies, research papers, or Media? Email Directly Here with Detail Information: support@ Browse the full 'Paracetamol Market Size, Trends and Insights By Product Type (Tablet, Capsule, Liquid Suspension, Powder), By Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies), By Application Type (Headache & Fever, Muscle Cramps, Cold & Cough), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034' Report at List of the prominent players in the Paracetamol Market: Johnson & Johnson GlaxoSmithKline Pfizer Inc. Novartis AG Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Aspen Pharmacare Adcock Ingram Julphar (Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries) Ache Laboratories Pharmaceutics EMS Pharma Hikma Pharmaceuticals Bharat Chemicals Farmson Pharmaceuticals SPIMACO (Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries & Medical Appliances Corporation) Mylan N.V. (now part of Viatris) Others Click Here to Access a Free Sample Report of the Global Paracetamol Market @ Spectacular Deals Comprehensive coverage Maximum number of market tables and figures The subscription-based option is offered. Best price guarantee Free 35% or 60 hours of customization. Free post-sale service assistance. 25% discount on your next purchase. Service guarantees are available. Personalized market brief by author. Browse More Related Reports: US Surgical Instrument Tracking System Market: US Surgical Instrument Tracking Market Size, Trends and Insights By Technology (Barcodes, RFID), By Application (Hardware, Software, Services), By End-use (Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers), and By Region - Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025-2034 Digital Mammography Market: Digital Mammography Market Size, Trends and Insights By Technology (2D Full Field Digital Mammography, 3D Full Field Digital Mammography (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis), Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography), By Product Type (Digital Mammography System, Display Unit, Central Processing Units, Visualization Software), By End-user (Hospitals and Surgical Centers, Breast Care Centers, Diagnostic Centers), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034 Lenacapavir Injection Market: Lenacapavir Injection Market Size, Trends and Insights By Indication (HIV Treatment, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)), By Formulation (Injectable, Oral Tablets), By Distribution Channel (Branded Medicine, Generic Medicine), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034 Pharmaceutical Metal Detector Market: Pharmaceutical Metal Detector Market Size, Trends and Insights By Technology (Magnetic Field Detectors, Multi-frequency Detectors, X-Ray Inspection with Metal Detectors), By Application (Quality Control, Contaminant Detection, Packaging, Compliance), By End-user (Pharmaceutical Companies, Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs), Biopharmaceutical Companies), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034 Deep Eutectic Solvents Market: Deep Eutectic Solvents Market Size, Trends and Insights By Product (Organic Salts + Metal Salts, Organic Salts + Metal Hydrates, Organic Salts + Hydrogen Bond Donor, Metal Chlorides + Hydrogen Bond Donor), By End-use (Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare, Food & Beverages Processing, Cosmetics & Personal Care, Chemical & Materials Industry), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025-2034 Medical Equipment Calibration Services Market: Medical Equipment Calibration Services Market Size, Trends and Insights By Service (In-house, Third-party Services, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)), By End-use (Hospitals, Clinical Laboratories), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034 CRISPR and Cas Genes Market: CRISPR and Cas Genes Market Size, Trends and Insights By Technology Type (CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas13, CRISPR/Cas14, Others), By Delivery Method (Ex vivo, In vivo, Physical Methods, Others), By Application Area (Functional Genomics, Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Others), By Tool Type (Guide RNA, CRISPR Plasmids, Cas Nucleases, Custom CRISPR Libraries, Vectors & Cloning Kits), By Crop Type (Cereals & Grains, Fruits & Vegetables, Oilseeds & Pulses, Industrial Crops), By Disease Type (Cancer, Blood Disorders, Ophthalmic Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Others), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034 Y Chromosome Microdeletion Detection Kit Market: Y Chromosome Microdeletion Detection Kit Market Size, Trends and Insights By Product Type (PCR-based Kits, FISH-based Kits, Others), By Application (Hospitals, Diagnostic Laboratories, Research Institutes, Others), By End-User (Healthcare Providers, Research Laboratories, Others), and By Region - Global Industry Overview, Statistical Data, Competitive Analysis, Share, Outlook, and Forecast 2025–2034 The Paracetamol Market is segmented as follows: By Product Type Tablet Capsule Liquid Suspension Powder By Distribution Channel Hospital Pharmacies Retail Pharmacies Online Pharmacies By Application Type Headache & Fever Muscle Cramps Cold & Cough Click Here to Get a Free Sample Report of the Global Paracetamol Market @ Regional Coverage: North America U.S. Canada Mexico Rest of North America Europe Germany France U.K. Russia Italy Spain Netherlands Rest of Europe Asia Pacific China Japan India New Zealand Australia South Korea Taiwan Rest of Asia Pacific The Middle East & Africa Saudi Arabia UAE Egypt Kuwait South Africa Rest of the Middle East & Africa Latin America Brazil Argentina Rest of Latin America This Paracetamol Market Research/Analysis Report Contains Answers to the following Questions. Which Trends Are Causing These Developments? Who Are the Global Key Players in This Paracetamol Market? What are Their Company Profile, Product Information, and Contact Information? What Was the Global Market Status of the Paracetamol Market? What Was the Capacity, Production Value, Cost and PROFIT of the Paracetamol Market? What Is the Current Market Status of the Paracetamol Industry? What's Market Competition in This Industry, Both Company and Country Wise? What's Market Analysis of Paracetamol Market by Considering Applications and Types? What Are Projections of the Global Paracetamol Industry Considering Capacity, Production and Production Value? What Will Be the Estimation of Cost and Profit? What Will Be Market Share, Supply and Consumption? What about imports and exports? What Is Paracetamol Market Chain Analysis by Upstream Raw Materials and Downstream Industry? What Is the Economic Impact On Paracetamol Industry? What are Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis Results? What Are Global Macroeconomic Environment Development Trends? What Are Market Dynamics of Paracetamol Market? What Are Challenges and Opportunities? What Should Be Entry Strategies, Countermeasures to Economic Impact, and Marketing Channels for Paracetamol Industry? Click Here to Access a Free Sample Report of the Global Paracetamol Market @ Reasons to Purchase Paracetamol Market Report Paracetamol Market Report provides qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market based on segmentation involving economic and non-economic factors. Paracetamol Market report outlines market value (USD) data for each segment and sub-segment. This report indicates the region and segment expected to witness the fastest growth and dominate the market. Paracetamol Market Analysis by geography highlights the consumption of the product/service in the region and indicates the factors affecting the market within each region. The competitive landscape incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled. Extensive company profiles comprising company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players. The Industry's current and future market outlook concerning recent developments (which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging and developed regions. Paracetamol Market Includes in-depth market analysis from various perspectives through Porter's five forces analysis and provides insight into the market through Value Chain. Reasons for the Research Report The study provides a thorough overview of the global Paracetamol market. Compare your performance to that of the market as a whole. Aim to maintain competitiveness while innovations from established key players fuel market growth. Buy this Premium Paracetamol Research Report | Fast Delivery Available - [220+ Pages] @ What does the report include? Drivers, restrictions, and opportunities are among the qualitative elements covered in the worldwide Paracetamol market analysis. The competitive environment of current and potential participants in the Paracetamol market is covered in the report, as well as those companies' strategic product development ambitions. According to the component, application, and industry vertical, this study analyzes the market qualitatively and quantitatively. Additionally, the report offers comparable data for the important regions. For each segment mentioned above, actual market sizes and forecasts have been given. Who should buy this report? Participants and stakeholders worldwide Paracetamol market should find this report useful. The research will be useful to all market participants in the Paracetamol industry. Managers in the Paracetamol sector are interested in publishing up-to-date and projected data about the worldwide Paracetamol market. Governmental agencies, regulatory bodies, decision-makers, and organizations want to invest in Paracetamol products' market trends. Market insights are sought for by analysts, researchers, educators, strategy managers, and government organizations to develop plans. Request a Customized Copy of the Paracetamol Market Report @ About Custom Market Insights: Custom Market Insights is a market research and advisory company delivering business insights and market research reports to large, small, and medium-scale enterprises. We assist clients with strategies and business policies and regularly work towards achieving sustainable growth in their respective domains. CMI provides a one-stop solution for data collection to investment advice. The expert analysis of our company digs out essential factors that help to understand the significance and impact of market dynamics. The professional experts apply clients inside on the aspects such as strategies for future estimation fall, forecasting or opportunity to grow, and consumer survey. Follow Us: LinkedIn | Twitter | Facebook | YouTube Contact Us: Joel John CMI Consulting LLC 1333, 701 Tillery Street Unit 12, Austin, TX, Travis, US, 78702 USA: +1 737-734-2707 India: +91 20 46022736 Email: support@ Web: Blog: Blog: Blog: Blog: Buy this Premium Paracetamol Research Report | Fast Delivery Available - [220+ Pages] @ while retrieving data Sign in to access your portfolio Error while retrieving data Error while retrieving data Error while retrieving data Error while retrieving data
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Analysis-Chinese firms set for record US listings, undeterred by geopolitics
By Samuel Shen and Selena Li SHANGHAI/HONG KONG (Reuters) -A record number of Chinese companies are seeking a U.S. listing this year as onerous domestic listing rules and the prospect of better valuations convince them to brave volatile Sino-U.S. relations and U.S. calls for strict oversight of Chinese firms. In the first half of 2025, 36 mostly small and mid-sized Chinese companies went public in the U.S., following a record-breaking year of 64 in 2024, said law firm K&L Gates. Many of those firms went public through special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) - listed companies set up to buy mainly startups, making the startups public without them having to go through the lengthy initial public offering process. Waiting to list on the Nasdaq are more than 40 Chinese companies, including a mobile advertising service provider and a traditional Chinese medicine maker, Chinese disclosure showed. That number, which excludes confidentially filed listing applications, will take the annual tally of Chinese firms going public in the U.S. to a new high if all materialise this year. "I think it's a healthy year for Chinese IPOs. It will probably be a record year or near that," said David Bartz, partner at K&L Gates, who has built a "robust" pipeline of Chinese clients seeking first-time share sales in the U.S. Chinese firms have had a harder time going public at home since the government tightened listing rules in 2023, raising the appeal of listing via SPACs in the U.S., as well as that country's deeper pool of capital. Pursuing a U.S. listing amounts to a bet that calls from U.S. lawmakers aimed at diminishing Chinese access to the world's largest capital market can only go so far, bankers and lawyers said. One listing hopeful is racing car manufacturer Xinghui Car Technology, whose head raised a toast at a Shanghai hotel in June to celebrate a major step toward going public in the U.S. "The U.S. capital market is one of the world's biggest. It's liquid and allows easy access to funding," said Xinghui Chairman Song Wenfang upon signing a preliminary agreement to be acquired by Nasdaq-listed SPAC UY Scuti. Since Xinghui's celebrations, investors have pushed U.S. share prices to record highs, expecting trade deals to be the beginning of the end of uncertainty wrought by months of U.S. President Donald Trump threatening to impose steep tariffs. The China Securities Regulatory Commission, which oversees Chinese firms' offshore sales of securities, did not respond to a request for comment. SPAC SURGE Over 100 Chinese firms, including technology leaders Alibaba, and Baidu, are U.S.-listed, boasting a combined market value of about $1 trillion as of March, showed data from the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. In April, tearoom chain Chagee debuted on the Nasdaq after raising $411 million in the biggest IPO of a Chinese firm in the U.S. this year. Of those seeking to list, a growing number are pre-profit or even pre-revenue startups, mainly in the tech sector, aiming for a quicker means of raising capital through a SPAC listing, said Karen Mu, managing director at Alliance Global Partners. That demand has contributed to the total number of firms listing in the U.S. via SPACs almost doubling last year to 57 and climbing to 76 so far this year, showed SPACInsider data. The increased Chinese interest, however, has caught the attention of U.S. lawmakers who called for the delisting of Chinese firms from U.S. exchanges as recently as May citing national security concerns. In June, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) singled out China as it sought to raise disclosure requirements for listing hopefuls. A spokesperson for SEC declined to comment on the Chinese listing trend beyond saying the regulator gathers information on the number of all foreign companies listed on U.S. exchanges. Spokespersons for the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq declined to comment. DOMESTIC HURDLES The rush of Chinese listing hopefuls heading West is being fuelled by high regulatory thresholds for listing at home as well as criteria skewed to spur growth of sectors in line with national interests. In China, a company needs to exceed a certain size or be profitable to qualify for a main-board listing. Alternatively, to list on tech boards, firms need to align with government self-sufficiency goals or achieve set levels of productivity. "In the U.S., as long as you can meet objective rules set by regulators, you can go public," said Steve Markscheid, managing partner of Aerion Capital, who also serves as independent director of several U.S.-listed Chinese companies. "Things are more subjective in China. The regulator needs to analyse whether the company is good or not. Only companies judged as good can go public." It takes nine to 12 months on average for an IPO candidate in China to secure regulatory approval, compared to six to nine months in Hong Kong and four to six months in New York, showed an analysis from Merits & Tree Law Offices. The lengthy approval process and high listing thresholds means that for startups, "listing in China becomes mission impossible," said Xinghui deal adviser Ronald Shuang of Shanghai-based investment company Balloch Holding. 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