French inventor of the abortion pill dies at 98
Both a doctor and a researcher, Baulieu was known around the world for the scientific, medical and social significance of his work on steroid hormones.
"His research was guided by his attachment to the progress made possible by science, his commitment to women's freedom, and his desire to enable everyone to live better, longer lives," Institut Baulieu said in the statement posted on its website.
Born Etienne Blum in Strasbourg on December 12, 1926, he took the name "Émile Baulieu" when he joined the French Resistance against the Nazi occupation at the age of 15.
An endocrinologist with a doctorate in medicine completed in 1955 and one in science eight years later, in 1963 Baulieu founded a pioneering research unit working on hormones at INSERM, the French institute for health and medical research.
He remained as head of the unit until 1997.
He is best known for his development, in 1982, of RU 486, the so-called "abortion pill" that changed the lives of millions of women throughout the world, offering them the possibility of voluntary medical termination of pregnancy, in physical and psychological safety.
The Institut Baulieu said it was "a non-invasive method, less aggressive and less delayed than surgery," noting that following his discovery, the researcher faced fierce criticism and even threats from opponents of women's abortion rights.
"Even today, access to this method is opposed, banned in some countries, and is currently being challenged in the United States, where it is the most widely used abortion method," the institute said.
Baulieu's research into DHEA, a hormone whose secretion and anti-aging activity he had discovered, led him to work on neurosteroids -- or steroids of the nervous system.
He also developed an original treatment to combat depression, for which a clinical trial is currently underway in several university hospitals.
In 2008, he founded the Institut Baulieu to understand, prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Honoured with the grand crosses of the Légion d'honneur (legion of honour) and the Ordre national du Mérite (national order of merit), he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1982, which he chaired in 2003 and 2004.
He was a member of the national advisory committee on life sciences and health (1996-2002) and received numerous awards, both in France and abroad.
French President Emmanuel Macron paid tribute to Baulieu in a post on X, calling him "a beacon of courage" and "a progressive mind who enabled women to win their freedom".
"Few French people have changed the world to such an extent," he said.
After the death of his first wife, Yolande Compagnon, he remarried, to Simone Harari Baulieu.
He is survived by three children, eight grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren.
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