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Space Force: Inside the US base tracking global missile launches

Space Force: Inside the US base tracking global missile launches

BBC News6 days ago
There's a short sharp shout: "Launch Yemen!" The men and women in uniform sitting in front of computers all respond in unison, "Copy, launch Yemen."In the US Space Force, they're called Guardians, not troops. Staring into their screens at a base in the suburbs of Denver, Colorado, they're able to track a missile launch from anywhere in the world - and follow it from its launch site to its likely point of impact.We're the first international journalists to be allowed inside the US Space Force's missile warning and tracking operations room at Buckley Space Force base, a nerve centre where Guardians are on alert 24/7.They're surrounded by giant monitors which provide maps and data sent from a constellation of military satellites in space.These Guardians are the first to detect the infra-red heat signature when a missile is launched. Moments later there's another shout – "Launch Iran" - followed by a chorus of "Copy launch Iran."This time, it's a drill. But last month they were doing it for real – when Iran fired a salvo of missiles towards the US military base at al-Udeid in Qatar, in response to US and Israeli strikes on Iran.Colonel Ann Hughes describes the mood on that day as "heavy". Unlike most launches, they'd been warned about that one in advance. They were able to track those Iranian missiles and then feed that information to the air defence batteries on the ground. "Ultimately we saved the entire installation and the personnel that were there," she says, expressing relief.
Col Hughes says they've been exceptionally busy in recent years, with wars raging in both the Middle East and Europe. When I ask her whether they've been giving warnings to Ukraine, Col Hughes says: "We provide strategic and tactical missile warnings to all US and allied forces." The US won't publicly confirm it but it seems likely they might also have given Kyiv a heads up when it was about to come under Russian attack.Buckley Space Force base will form a key part of President Donald Trump's plans for a US missile defence shield, known as the Golden Dome.He has earmarked $175bn (£130bn) for the ambitious programme – inspired by Israel's Iron Dome air defence system. Many believe it will cost a lot more. But the foundations are already in place at Buckley. Its skyline is dominated by massive radomes, round covers which protect powerful satellite dishes inside. They look like giant golf balls on the horizon. These satellite arrays have detected radio frequency waves from a supernova 11,000 light years away.Lieutenant General David Miller, the commander of the US Space Operations Command, says the development of the Golden Dome, still in its early days, is a recognition of the increasing threats to the US homeland.He specifically mentions China and Russia. Both have developed hypersonic missiles which can travel at more than five times the speed of sound. Both have tested Fractional Orbital Bombardment Systems which are harder to track. "The speed and physics associated with intercepting those requires the consideration of space-based interceptors," General Miller says. He prefers to talk about "capabilities" to defend America's interests, rather than weapons in space.
The creation of the US Space Force five years ago is proof that space is now a warfighting domain. President Trump launched the force in his first term, describing space as "the world's newest war-fighting domain".Both China and Russia have tested anti-satellite missiles, as well as ways of jamming their communications. General Miller says Russia has "demonstrated the capability to potentially put a nuclear payload" in space. He says space is already an area "that is highly contested", adding that "we also have to be prepared for conflict in space".Colonel Phoenix Hauser oversees the Space Forces Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance unit known as Delta 7. Their job is to find out what's happening in space. At their base near Colorado Spring, teams monitor screens showing thousands of small dots around the globe. There are already around 12,000 satellites in space. By the end of the decade that could grow to 60,000.Col Hauser says their primary focus is on China. "It's the pacing threat," she says. China already has about a thousand satellites, half of them military ones. Over the next decade, Col Hauser says it will have tens of thousands more in low earth orbit. Space is increasingly congested and contested."We're already sparring in space," she says. "We see close unprofessional and unsafe engagements from our adversaries." That includes satellites fitted with electronic jamming, lasers and even nets and grappling arms, which could be used to move another satellite off course.Some have suggested there are already "dog fights" taking place in space. "I don't know that we're quite there in the type of Top Gun like dog fighting perspective," Col Hauser says. "But it's something certainly that we need to be ready for."
The US Space Force is preparing for the possibility of conflict in space. Col Hauser says a year ago they "weren't able to talk about having offensive space capabilities". Now, she says their focus "is to generate options for the president so that we can gain and maintain space superiority through offensive and defensive space control".Gen Miller says the only way to prevent conflict is "through strength and we have to have our own capabilities in order to defend our assets". He won't give detail as to what that precisely means.But the recent US strikes on Iran's nuclear programme, Operation Midnight Hammer, gives a glimpse of what the US Space Force is already able to do. Those attacks by B-2 bombers also underline why continuing dominance in space remains crucial to the US military."You have to understand how much the United States military assumes the advantage that we derive from space," Gen Miller says. That includes the ability to navigate and communicate over the horizon, and to deliver precision strikes using GPS.The BBC has been given the first details about how US Space Force Guardians were involved in the operation. "One of the things we did was leverage our electromagnetic warfare capability in order to ensure dominance throughout the operation", Gen Miller says. The electro magnetic spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infra-red, and visible light. "We knew the environment was going to be jammed," he says. The US Space Force ensured that jamming was denied so that US B-2 bombers could arrive at their target and deliver their GPS guided Massive Ordnance Bombs with precision.
Electronic warfare specialists from US Space Force Delta 3 were already operating on the ground in the region. Their Commander, Colonel Angelo Fernandez, shows me the rows of satellite dishes and command containers they can fly to locations anywhere in the world. The dishes, he says, can be used to intercept and then drown out the communications of enemy forces, by "broadcasting noise that's louder". "They were able to both protect US assets and at the same time open up a flight corridor," he says.Before, during and after the mission, US Space Force Guardians of Delta 7 were providing overwatch. Colonel Phoenix Hauser says they were able to monitor the electro-magnetic spectrum "to understand does Iran know what's happening, do they have any tactical warning the strikes might be happening". They helped preserve the element of surprise and allowed the air crews to complete the mission undetected.The US Space Force may be the youngest military service but it's critical to America's military might. Gen Miller says the entire US military "is dependent on space superiority".He wants to ensure that remains the case. And he has a warning for any adversary."When the US military gets focused on something - God help you!"
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Exclusive: Trump's Golden Dome looks for alternatives to Musk's SpaceX
Exclusive: Trump's Golden Dome looks for alternatives to Musk's SpaceX

Reuters

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  • Reuters

Exclusive: Trump's Golden Dome looks for alternatives to Musk's SpaceX

WASHINGTON, July 22 (Reuters) - The Trump administration is expanding its search for partners to build the Golden Dome missile defense system, courting Project Kuiper and big defense contractors as tensions with Elon Musk threaten SpaceX's dominance in the program, according to three sources familiar with the matter. The shift marks a strategic pivot away from reliance on Musk's SpaceX, whose Starlink and Starshield satellite networks have become central to U.S. military communications. It comes amid a deteriorating relationship between Trump and Musk, which culminated in a public falling-out on June 5. Even before the spat, officials at the Pentagon and White House had begun exploring alternatives to SpaceX, wary of over-reliance on a single partner for huge portions of the ambitious, $175 billion space-based defense shield, two of the sources said. Musk and SpaceX did not respond to requests for comment. After Reuters reported initially that SpaceX was a frontrunner to build parts of Golden Dome, Musk said on X, opens new tab that the company had "not tried to bid for any contract in this regard. Our strong preference would be to stay focused on taking humanity to Mars." Due to its size, track record of launching more than 9,000 of its own Starlink satellites, and experience in government procurement, SpaceX still has the inside track to assist with major portions of the Golden Dome, especially launch contracts, sources say. Project Kuiper, which has launched just 78 of a planned constellation of 3,000 low-earth orbit satellites, has been approached by the Pentagon to join the effort, signaling the administration's openness to integrating commercial tech firms into national defense infrastructure and going beyond traditional defense players. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's executive chairman, told Reuters in January that Kuiper would be "primarily commercial," but acknowledged "there will be defense uses for these [low-earth orbit] constellations, no doubt." A spokesperson for Project Kuiper declined to comment for this story. The Pentagon declined to comment. The White House did not respond to requests for comment. Golden Dome's ambitions mirror those of Israel's Iron Dome - a homeland missile defense shield - but a larger, more complex layered defense system requires a vast network of orbiting satellites covering more territory. In the search for more vendors for the satellite layers of Golden Dome, "Kuiper is a big one," a U.S. official said. While SpaceX remains a frontrunner due to its unmatched launch capabilities, its share of the program could shrink, two of the people said. Officials have reached out to new entrants like rocket companies Stoke Space and Rocket Lab (RKLB.O), opens new tab are gaining traction and will be able to bid on individual launches as the program matures, according to the U.S. official. Later in the development of Golden Dome "each individual launch is going to get bid, and we have to actually give bids to other people," besides SpaceX, the official said. There is an urgent need for more satellite production. Last year Congress gave Space Force a $13 billion mandate - up from $900 million - to buy satellite-based communication services in what was widely seen as one of many efforts to stimulate private sector satellite production. Amazon's Project Kuiper, a $10 billion initiative led by former Starlink managers dismissed by Musk for slow progress, Reuters has reported, has lagged behind SpaceX in deployment. But its potential defense applications - such as communications that could aid missile tracking - have drawn renewed interest as the administration prepares to allocate the first $25 billion tranche of funding authorized under Trump's sweeping tax and spending bill. Traditional defense giants Northrop Grumman (NOC.N), opens new tab, Lockheed Martin (LMT.N), opens new tab, and L3Harris (LHX.N), opens new tab are also in talks to support Golden Dome. L3Harris CFO Kenneth Bedingfield told Reuters in an interview the company has seen a surge in interest in its missile warning and tracking technologies, which are expected to play a key role in the system. Northrop, meanwhile, is pursuing several efforts including a space-based interceptor, a component that would enable missile strikes from orbit, Robert Flemming, the head of the company's space business, told Reuters in an interview. "Lockheed Martin is ready to support Golden Dome for America as a proven mission partner," Robert Lightfoot, president of Lockheed Martin Space, said in a statement. Golden Dome's initial outreach this spring invited smaller, newer Silicon Valley firms seen as nimbler, more sophisticated and potentially less expensive alternatives to the big defense firms to the table - but that was before the Musk-Trump feud upended that calculus. Several with close ties to Trump aside from SpaceX, including Palantir (PLTR.O), opens new tab and Anduril - were considered early frontrunners to win big pieces of the $175 billion project. But the Musk-Trump feud has reshaped the competitive landscape. Musk recently launched the "America Party," a tech-centric, centrist political movement aimed at defeating Republicans who backed Trump's tax-and-spend agenda. Trump launched the Golden Dome initiative just a week into his second term, pushing for rapid deployment. 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A fully operational space-based missile shield may prompt adversaries to develop new offensive capabilities or accelerate the militarization of space.

Trump ‘tried to cancel Musk's SpaceX contracts' after fallout
Trump ‘tried to cancel Musk's SpaceX contracts' after fallout

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Trump ‘tried to cancel Musk's SpaceX contracts' after fallout

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Scientists discover ominous sign that Yellowstone's supervolcano is building up to an eruption
Scientists discover ominous sign that Yellowstone's supervolcano is building up to an eruption

Daily Mail​

time3 hours ago

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Scientists discover ominous sign that Yellowstone's supervolcano is building up to an eruption

Scientists have discovered an ominous sign which could hint that Yellowstone's supervolcano is building up to an eruption. Using machine learning, researchers found there have been over 86,000 hidden earthquakes between 2008 and 2022. That is 10 times more tremors than scientists had previously detected. Worryingly, more than half of those earthquakes came in swarms - small groups of interconnected tremors - which have been known to precede volcanic activity. The researchers say these 'chaotic' swarms were found moving along rough, young fault lines running deep below the Yellowstone Caldera. These clusters of seismic activity are likely caused by hot, mineral-rich water forcing itself through cracks in the rock. Yellowstone is one of the world's largest active volcanoes - and if it erupted, i t would cover up to two-thirds of the US with ash. Entire states could become uninhabitable as toxic air sweeps through them, grounding thousands of flights and forcing millions to leave their homes. The Yellowstone Caldera is a 30x45 mile (50x70 km) depression which was formed by a cataclysmic eruption some 640,000 years ago. After the eruption emptied out its enormous magma chamber, the land left on top collapsed into the hollow space to form the caldera. When scientists want to look for seismic activity around the caldera, they normally have to manually inspect vast amounts of data. However, by using machine learning techniques, Dr Li and his co-authors were able to comb through years of past seismic recordings to look for previously undetected tremors. Dr Bing Li, an expert on earthquake mechanics from Western University, says: 'If we had to do it old school with someone manually clicking through all this data looking for earthquakes, you couldn't do it. It's not scalable.' This revealed that tens of thousands of earthquake swarms had been missed by earlier manual inspections. Earthquake swarms are not like the familiar shock and aftershock pattern where one big event is followed by a number of smaller tremors. Instead, swarms occur as clusters of small earthquakes which rapidly spread and shift over a small area within a short period of time. The researchers say these 'earthquake swarms' are likely caused by the movement of superheated liquids beneath the volcano caldera. These same geothermal processes are the reason that Yellowstone produces its famous geysers Are earthquake swarms a sign of an eruption? Earthquake swarms are groups of small, interconnected earthquakes that spread and shift within a relatively small area over a relatively short period of time. These can sometimes be caused by the movement of magma deep below the Earth's surface. In some cases, this means earthquake swarms can precede volcanic activity. This has been the case in major eruptions such as those in Iceland last year. However, swarms can also be caused by shallower movements of gas and liquids in the rock. These are more common and do not signal that any volcanic activity is likely. In some cases, this can be caused by molten magma moving upwards through the mantle and crust, building up pressure which can hint at an upcoming eruption. However, volcano experts say this is likely not the case in the Yellowstone Caldera. Professor Valentin Troll, a volcano expert from Uppsala University in Sweden who was not involved in the study, told MailOnline: 'The seismic record reveals episodic activity that occurs in clusters within the upper 10 km beneath the volcano, primarily along pre-existing fault structures. 'These clusters are not associated with deep seismicity; in other words, there is no direct evidence of magma recharge from greater depths. Instead, the seismicity is largely confined to the interior of the volcano.' This kind of activity within the existing volcano is usually caused by the movement of gases and liquids disturbing the ground. As the authors suggest, pressurised liquids are a particularly likely culprit since they lubricate faults in the rock, leading to slips that cause earthquake swarms. Professor Troll says that this can lead to 'hydrous and gas-driven eruptions' in which steam or gases are ejected out of the ground. This was demonstrated by the hydrothermal explosion at Yellowstone's Biscuit Basin last summer, in which a blast of steam sent rocks flying hundreds of feet into the air. Similar explosions are the likely cause of a 13-foot pool which recently appeared at Norris Geyser Basin – one of the hottest, oldest and most dynamic of Yellowstone's thermal areas. However, these swarms are not an indication that a devastating magma-driven eruption is on the way. Instead, the researchers say that their findings are a valuable tool to help understand and prepare for other eruptions in the future. These same machine learning techniques could be applied to other historical seismic records to help scientists listen to 'Earth's volcanic heartbeat'. Dr Li says: 'While Yellowstone and other volcanoes each have unique features, the hope is that these insights can be applied elsewhere. 'By understanding patterns of seismicity, like earthquake swarms, we can improve safety measures, better inform the public about potential risks, and even guide geothermal energy development away from danger in areas with promising heat flow.' Nasa believes drilling up to six miles (10km) down into the supervolcano beneath Yellowstone National Park to pump in water at high pressure could cool it. Despite the fact that the mission would cost $3.46 billion (£2.63 billion), Nasa considers it 'the most viable solution.' Using the heat as a resource also poses an opportunity to pay for plan - it could be used to create a geothermal plant, which generates electric power at extremely competitive prices of around $0.10 (£0.08) per kWh. But this method of subduing a supervolcano has the potential to backfire and trigger the supervolcanic eruption Nasa is trying to prevent. 'Drilling into the top of the magma chamber 'would be very risky;' however, carefully drilling from the lower sides could work. Even besides the potential devastating risks, the plan to cool Yellowstone with drilling is not simple. Doing so would be an excruciatingly slow process that one happen at the rate of one metre a year, meaning it would take tens of thousands of years to cool it completely. And still, there wouldn't be a guarantee it would be successful for at least hundreds or possibly thousands of years.

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