logo
Clever Cockatoos Have Figured Out How to Drink From Water Fountains

Clever Cockatoos Have Figured Out How to Drink From Water Fountains

New York Times2 days ago

Most birds go for ease when looking for drinking water. But the sulfur-crested cockatoos in the suburbs of Sydney, Australia, often prefer to quench their thirst with a challenging puzzle.
In the city's western suburbs, some of the birds have figured out how to use public drinking fountains. The mohawked parrots deftly use one foot to twist the handle open while their other claw grips the spout.
It's unclear why the cockatoos go to the effort of using drinking fountains when there are plenty of accessible water sources nearby. They don't seem to use them more often during hot weather.
One possible explanation is that the task of operating the fountains is simply more fun than sipping water from the local creeks.
'If there is no super urgent need and you're not dying of thirst, then why not do something you enjoy?' said Barbara C. Klump, an author of a study of the birds published on Wednesday in the journal Biology Letters, and a behavioral ecologist at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior in Germany.
It's not the first time cockatoos in this area of Australia have been seen cleverly manipulating urban objects for their own benefit. Dr. Klump and her colleagues have also tracked the birds flipping open garbage bins across greater Sydney, a socially learned behavior that has resulted in an arms race (or maybe a wing race) with human residents.
Want all of The Times? Subscribe.

Orange background

Try Our AI Features

Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:

Comments

No comments yet...

Related Articles

Captive-born porpoises released in river — and quickly make a friend. ‘Success'
Captive-born porpoises released in river — and quickly make a friend. ‘Success'

Miami Herald

time3 hours ago

  • Miami Herald

Captive-born porpoises released in river — and quickly make a friend. ‘Success'

Conservationists stood on the banks of a river in China and watched a pair of just-released porpoises. Years of planning and preparation had led to this moment, and an optimistic feeling filled the air. But would this plan — a first-of-its-kind project— actually work? Would these captive-born porpoises survive? The conservation team had a straightforward plan: Take two critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoises born in captivity, acclimate them to the natural conditions of the Yangtze River in a monitored way and then release them into the wild, according to a study published June 4 in the peer-reviewed journal Biology Letters. This approach, known as ex situ conservation, has been used for other endangered animals but has had 'few significant successes' for cetaceans, the group that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises, researchers said. Yangtze finless porpoises are the outliers and 'currently the only cetacean subspecies' with a captive breeding population. As researchers prepared to release the captive-born Yangtze finless porpoises into the wild, they developed a follow-up plan to monitor the reintroduction, the study said. First, they implanted identification chips. Next, they fitted the porpoises with a temporary 'wearable radio tag system' to track their locations. The porpoises were released on April 25, 2023, into the Yangtze River at a site with 'relatively low levels of human activity,' 'abundant fish resources' and a stable local porpoise population, researchers said. Photos shared by the Chinese government in an April 2023 news release show the porpoises being set free. After the release, researchers continued tracking the porpoise pair with acoustic monitoring devices and visual surveys, the study said. They also partnered with the Yangtze Cetacean Protection Network to watch for dead porpoises and, if found, check their identification chips. Three days after the release, the team spotted something encouraging: The porpoises had made a friend and 'were observed interacting with a local porpoise,' the study said. A photo shows the three animals. Nine days after their release, 'the porpoises left the vicinity of the release site,' researchers said. Their tracking tags fell off around this time. Almost 23 months later, the team had 'continuously monitored the river and collected reports of dead' porpoises but had not found the bodies of the two released animals, the study said. Researchers concluded the released porpoises had survived and 'gradually integrated' into the local population. They declared the project a first-of-its-kind 'success' and 'significant advancement in the conservation of' Yangtze finless porpoises. The research team included Jiansong Qiu, Yang Zheng, Fei Fan, Jinsong Zheng, Qiang Zeng, Zijia Xu, Qiang Gao, Kexiong Wang, Songhai Li, Ding Wang and Zhigang Mei.

Long line at the water fountain in Australia? It might be from all the cockatoos
Long line at the water fountain in Australia? It might be from all the cockatoos

Miami Herald

time3 hours ago

  • Miami Herald

Long line at the water fountain in Australia? It might be from all the cockatoos

In parks and reserves in western Sydney, stopping for a drink may take just a little bit longer. Across the Australian playgrounds, sports fields and public spaces, twist-handled water fountains allow the public to stop for water in the middle of their play. But starting in 2018, park rangers noticed humans weren't the only ones taking advantage of the refreshment. Large white birds with long, yellow crests were seen lining up along a fence waiting for their turn at the water fountain, researchers said in a June 4 study published in the peer-reviewed journal Biology Letters. They are wild sulphur-crested cockatoos, a group who earned the moniker of 'trash parrots' after the east Australian locals previously learned to open trash bins. 'Despite being globally threatened by habitat loss and the pet trade, parrots are often successful urban adaptors, with invasive and native populations established in cities worldwide,' researchers said. Hoping to learn more about the learned behavior, researchers set up trail cameras to capture video of the cockatoos drinking, according to the study. 'Between (Aug. 29 and Oct. 11, 2019), we installed two motion-triggered wildlife cameras pointing from either side towards a drinking fountain where we had previously observed cockatoos drinking,' researchers said. 'This drinking fountain, similar to others in the local area, consisted of a rubber top with embedded spout on a concrete stand of approximately (3.3 feet) high, with a twist and spring-loaded handle approximately (6 inches) from the top.' Not only did the images show the cockatoos were using the fountains, but they were forming lines in order to have access to the fresh water, according to the study. Video of the cockatoos using the fountain was shared by LiveScience. 'The behavior consists of a combination of actions involving both feet, bill and shifting body weight to start the water flow. This apparent complexity in behavior is potentially reflected in our finding that while it appeared to be well-established in the local population, only 52% of attempts by marked birds to operate the drinking fountain were successful,' according to the study. Previous research showed about half of attempts to open trash bins were successful, researchers said, so this second learned behavior followed a very similar success rate. The photos and videos showed 'extensive queuing for drinking fountains' which was different from the trash bins, but likely because 'water at drinking fountains is effectively infinite,' researchers said. 'Thus, while we observed higher success rates when fewer birds were around, all individuals could feasibly eventually access water,' according to the study. Water fountain innovation is said to be closer to a cultural exchange than evolutionary change, according to the study. Innovations 'live and die' with individual birds unless it is taught and learned by other cockatoos and then taught to the next generation. The fountain-drinking cockatoos were studied in western Sydney, in southeastern Australia. The research team includes Barbara C. Klump, David Walter, John M. Martin and Lucy M. Aplin.

First evidence of ‘living towers' made of worms discovered in nature
First evidence of ‘living towers' made of worms discovered in nature

CNN

time3 hours ago

  • CNN

First evidence of ‘living towers' made of worms discovered in nature

Nature seems to offer an escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, but the world at your feet may tell another story. Even in the shade of a fruit tree, you could be surrounded by tiny skyscrapers — not made of steel or concrete, but of microscopic worms wriggling and writhing into the shape of long, vertical towers. Even though these miniature architects, called nematodes, are found all over Earth's surface, scientists in Germany recently witnessed their impressive building techniques in nature for the first time. After months of closely inspecting rotten pears and apples in local orchards, researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the University of Konstanz were able to spot hundreds of the 1-millimeter-long (0.04-inch) worms climbing onto one another, amassing structures up to 10 times their individual size. Related video Rare video shows 12 sharks co-feed socially To learn more about the mysterious physics of the soft, slimy towers, the study team brought samples of nematodes called Caenorhabditis elegans into a lab and analyzed them. There, the scientists noticed the worms could assemble in a matter of hours, with some reaching out from the twisting mass as exploratory 'arms' sensing the environment and building accordingly. But why the worms formed the structures wasn't immediately clear. The team's findings, published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, show that even the smallest animals can prompt big questions about the evolutionary purpose of social behaviors. 'What we got was more than just some worms standing on top of each other,' said senior study author Serena Ding, a Max Planck research group leader of genes and behavior. 'It's a coordinated superorganism, acting and moving as a whole.' To find out what was motivating the nematodes' building behavior, the study team tested the worms' reactions to being poked, prodded and even visited by a fly — all while stacked in a tower formation. 'We saw that they are very reactive to the presence of a stimulus,' said the study's first author, Daniela Perez, who is a postdoctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior. 'They sense it, and then the tower goes towards this stimulus, attaching itself to our metal pick or a fly buzzing around.' This coordinated reaction suggests the hungry nematodes may be joining together to easily hitch a ride on larger animals such as insects that transport them to (not so) greener pastures with more rotten fruit to feast on, Perez said. 'If you think about it, an animal that is 1 millimeter long cannot just crawl all the way to the next fruit 2 meters (6.6 feet) away. It could easily die on the way there, or be eaten by a predator,' Perez explained. Nematodes are capable of hitchhiking solo too, she added, but arriving to a new area in a group may allow them to continue reproducing. The structures themselves may also serve as a mode of transport, as evidenced by how some worms formed bridges across gaps within the petri dishes to get from one surface to another, Perez noted. 'This discovery is really exciting,' said Orit Peleg, an associate professor of computer science who studies living systems at the University of Colorado Boulder's BioFrontiers Institute. 'It's both establishing the ecological function of creating a tower, and it really opens up the door to do more controlled experimentation to try to understand the perceptual world of these organisms, and how they communicate within a large group.' Peleg was not involved in the study. As the next step, Perez said her team would like to learn whether the formation of these structures is a cooperative or competitive behavior. In other words, are the towering nematodes behaving socially to help each other out, or are their towers more akin to a Black Friday sale stampede? Studying the behaviors of other self-assembling creatures could offer clues to the social norms of nematodes and help answer this question, Ding said. Ants, which assemble to form buoyant rafts to survive floodwaters, are among the few creatures known to team up like nematodes, said David Hu, a professor of mechanical engineering and biology at Georgia Tech. Hu was not involved in the study. 'Ants are incredibly sacrificial for one another, and they do not generally fight within the colony,' Hu said. 'That's because of their genetics. They all come from the same queen, so they are like siblings.' Like ants, nematodes didn't appear to display any obvious role differentiation or hierarchy within the tower structures, Perez said. Each worm from the base to the top of the structure was equally mobile and strong, indicating no competition was at play. However, the lab-cultivated worms were basically clones of one another, so it's not clear whether role differentiation occurs more often in nature, where nematode populations could have more genetic differences, she noted. Additionally, socially cooperative creatures tend to use some form of communication, Peleg said. In the case of ants, it may be their pheromone trails, while honeybees rely on their ritual dance routines and slime molds use their pulsing chemical signals. With nematodes, however, it's still not clear how they might communicate — or if they are communicating at all, Ding said. 'The next steps for (the team) are really just choosing the next questions to ask.' Notably, there has been a lot of interest in studying cooperative animal behaviors among the robotics community, Hu said. It's possible that one day, he added, information about the complex sociality of creatures like nematodes could be used to inform how technology, such as computer servers or drone systems, communicates.

DOWNLOAD THE APP

Get Started Now: Download the App

Ready to dive into the world of global news and events? Download our app today from your preferred app store and start exploring.
app-storeplay-store