US-India talks ongoing amid Trump threat of 25% tariff
The 25% tariff, as well as an unspecified penalty announced by Mr Trump in a morning social media post, would strain relations with the world's most populous democracy.
Later at the White House, the Republican president indicated there was wiggle room.
"They have one of the highest tariffs in the world now, they're willing to cut it very substantially," Mr Trump told reporters. "We're talking to India now - we'll see what happens... You'll know by the end of this week."
The 25% figure would single out India more severely than other major trading partners, and threatens to unravel months of talks between the two countries, undermining a strategic partner of Washington's and a counterbalance to China.
The White House had previously warned India about its high average applied tariffs - nearly 39% on agricultural products - with rates climbing to 45% on vegetable oils and around 50% on apples and corn.
"While India is our friend, we have, over the years, done relatively little business with them because their Tariffs are far too high, among the highest in the World, and they have the most strenuous and obnoxious non-monetary Trade Barriers of any Country," Mr Trump wrote in a Truth Social post.
"They have always bought a vast majority of their military equipment from Russia, and are Russia's largest buyer of ENERGY, along with China, at a time when everyone wants Russia to STOP THE KILLING IN UKRAINE — ALL THINGS NOT GOOD!"
In response, the Indian government said in a statement that it was studying the implications of Mr Trump's announcements and remained dedicated to securing a fair trade deal with the US.
"India and the US have been engaged in negotiations on concluding a fair, balanced and mutually beneficial bilateral trade agreement over the last few months. We remain committed to that objective," it said.
Russia continued to be the top oil supplier to India during the first six months of 2025, making up 35% of overall supplies.
The United States, the world's largest economy, currently has a $45.7 billion trade deficit with India, the fifth largest.
White House economic adviser Kevin Hassett said Mr Trump has been frustrated with the progress of trade talks with India and believed the 25% tariff announcement would help the situation.
Mr Hassett said more information on an additional penalty would be made "shortly".
The new US tax on imports from India would be higher than on many other countries that struck deals with the Trump administration recently. Vietnam's tariff is set at 20% and Indonesia's at 19%, while the levy for Japan and the European Union is 15%.
"This is a major setback for Indian exporters, especially in sectors like textiles, footwear, and furniture, as the 25% tariff will render them uncompetitive against rivals from Vietnam and China," said SC Ralhan, president of the Federation of Indian Export Organisation.
US and Indian negotiators have held multiple rounds of discussions to resolve contentious issues, particularly overmarket access into India for US agricultural and dairy products.
In its latest statement, India said it attached the utmost importance to protecting and promoting the welfare of its farmers, entrepreneurs, and small businesses.
"The government will take all steps necessary to secure our national interest, as has been the case with other trade agreements," it said.
The setback comes despite earlier commitments by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Trump to conclude the first phase of a trade deal by autumn and expand bilateral trade to $500bn by 2030, from $191bn in 2024.
Since India's short but deadly conflict with arch South Asian rival Pakistan, New Delhi has been unhappy about Mr Trump's closeness with Islamabad and has protested, which cast a shadow over trade talks.
"Politically, the relationship is in its toughest spot since the mid-1990s," said Ashok Malik, partner at advisory firm The Asia Group. "Trust has diminished. President Trump's messaging has damaged many years of careful, bipartisan nurturing of the US-India partnership in both capitals."
Besides farm products access, the US had flagged concerns over India's increasingly burdensome import-quality requirements, among its many non-tariff barriers to foreign trade, in a report released in March.
The new tariffs will impact Indian goods exports to the US, estimated at around $87bn in 2024, including labour-intensive products such as garments, pharmaceuticals, gems and jewelry, and petrochemicals.
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