Scientists celebrate ‘historic milestone' as remains of man identified 12 years after death
For over a decade, Mr Hill was known only as the " Maricopa County John Doe 2013". He had arrived at his friend's home with no belongings other than the clothes he was wearing, and without close relatives to identify him, his case remained unsolved.
However, researchers from both the UK and US have now successfully restored Mr Hill's identity using a cutting-edge method called Investigative Genetic Genealogy (IGG). This innovative technique combines advanced DNA analysis with extensive genealogical searches, marking the first time a UK citizen has been identified through this process.
The resolution of Mr Hill's case has been hailed as "a historic milestone" in forensic identification. Experts believe this breakthrough could pave the way for the wider adoption of IGG tools in the UK, potentially leading to the closure of numerous other long-unsolved cases.
Dr Craig Paterson, who led the work from Sheffield Hallam University, said: 'It is a privilege to see the team solve this case and to restore Michael's name and identity.
'This case proves that IGG can be used in the UK to identify distant relatives and generate leads in cases that have remained unsolved using other investigative techniques.
'There are lots more unsolved cases in the UK where IGG can be used and we will continue to work with our partners and students to ensure that as many cases as possible benefit from this expertise.'
The technology can help investigators identify distant relatives of a subject, whereas regular DNA testing usually identifies close family members, Dr Paterson explained.
It relies on the millions of members of the public who have taken consumer DNA tests and carried out genetic genealogical searches on platforms such as FamilyTreeDNA and GEDmatch, said David Gurney, director of the Investigative Genetic Genealogy Centre at Ramapo College in New Jersey.
The investigation of Mr Hill's case was led by researchers and students from Sheffield Hallam University, the Ramapo College Investigative Genetic Genealogy Centre, and Silverwell Research in London.
The team gathered information the police and coroner's officer in Arizona held about Mr Hill, and the team found that Mr Hill had left his friend's house on the day he died, and returned four hours later complaining that he did not feel well.
He laid down in a guest bedroom but a short time after began to convulse and went unresponsive.
The friend called 911 and emergency service personnel responded to the scene and death was pronounced at that location.
The friend Mr Hill visited in the Phoenix area provided a name, Michael Sydney Hill, and date of birth to the authorities.
But this information alone could not be used to confirm Hill's identity.
Traditional means of identification employed by Maricopa County Office of the Medical Examiner (MCOME) also did not yield a positive result.
There was no identification on his person, and he had no siblings, children, or close relatives to contact and provide a positive identification.
'He was still connected to parts of the family – but there was just a loss of contact,' Dr Paterson said.
'It happens a lot more than you would think.'
The case remained cold for more than a decade until the team managed to trace a distant cousin of Mr Hill using DNA taken from his body, combined with genealogical analysis.
The relative provided a DNA test and Michael Hill's identity was finally confirmed.
'He was born in 1937 so finding a living relative was difficult,' Dr Paterson said.
'We are happy that there was closure.
'That's the aim – it's to take away that uncertainty.'
IGG technology has been mainly used in the United States, Canada, and Australia – but researchers hope to increase its use in the UK.
Cairenn Binder, director of the IGG Certificate Programme at Ramapo College, said: 'Investigative genetic genealogy was integral to solving the case of Mr Hill because as an unidentified person with only a lead on a possible name and no next of kin, genetic genealogy research was required to restore his identity.
'Advanced DNA testing and shared DNA with his distant relatives allowed investigators to confirm his identity and memorialize him after more than twelve years as a John Doe.
'This case is a historic milestone for the implementation of IGG in the UK, as Mr Hill is the first UK citizen to be identified with IGG research.'
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