French scientists discover a new blood type found in only one woman alive today
blood
transfusion and learning that no one else on the planet can help you. French researchers have identified a brand-new human blood type found in only one person on the planet, a 68-year-old woman from
Guadeloupe
.
Doctors have named it the 'Gwada negative' blood type, and it's the first newly discovered blood group system in years, now officially the 48th blood group recognized globally.
'We had never seen anything like it,' said Thierry Peyrard, the French biologist who led the research, announced at the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress in Milan.
'She is the only person in the world who can get along with herself,' said Thierry Peyrard, biologist at France's national blood agency (EFS), which made the discovery.
The EFS has discovered 10 of the last 17 known blood group systems, placing France at the forefront of rare blood science.
Live Events
How did scientists discover the new blood group?
It started in 2011, when the woman underwent routine pre-surgery tests in Paris. Her blood reacted to every known donor type. Doctors were alarmed. They couldn't identify what made her immune system reject even the rarest matched blood. The case went cold.
Because of the new genome sequencing tools, scientists finally cracked the code. They found a mutation in the PIGZ gene, a change inherited from both parents, that completely altered how proteins bind to red blood cells.
Her blood produces antibodies that would destroy any transfused blood, except her own. She is only eligible for autologous transfusions (her own stored blood). In any emergency, there is no donor alive who can help her.
Named after Guadeloupe's local nickname 'Gwada,' scientists are now combing donor databases in the Caribbean, hoping to find others who carry the rare mutation. So far, she's alone. Finding a second Gwada negative donor could be life-saving for her or others who carry hidden genetic variations. It could also prevent deadly transfusion errors in rare patients.
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
News18
2 hours ago
- News18
Cong chief Kharge dials Naveen Patnaik, inquires about his health
Agency: Last Updated: New Delhi, Aug 20 (PTI) Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge on Wednesday spoke to former Odisha chief minister Naveen Patnaik, who has been hospitalised and wished him a speedy recovery. Patnaik, also the Leader of Opposition in the Odisha assembly, was admitted to SUM Ultimate Medicare here on Sunday evening for dehydration. 'Honourable Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge spoke to the recently hospitalised BJD president Naveen Patnaik this evening. He enquired about his health and wished him a speedy recovery," AICC general secretary Jairam Ramesh said in a post on X. Hospital sources said that the health condition of the BJD chief has improved, and he is 'now stable". Patnaik urged party supporters to visit his residence, Naveen Niwas, after his discharge from the hospital. PTI SKC SKC NSD NSD First Published: Disclaimer: Comments reflect users' views, not News18's. Please keep discussions respectful and constructive. Abusive, defamatory, or illegal comments will be removed. News18 may disable any comment at its discretion. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Loading comments...
NDTV
8 hours ago
- NDTV
Modafinil Savings Guide 2025: Genuine Promo Codes & Discount Pharmacies Revealed
Staying alert, productive, and mentally sharp is no longer just a goal for Silicon Valley coders or overnight students; it's a daily necessity for many professionals, parents, creatives, and entrepreneurs alike. If modafinil is part of your cognitive toolkit, you've probably noticed one thing - it's not cheap. But good news, there are safe, verified ways to save using a coupon code. This guide walks you through what modafinil is, where to get authentic modafinil discount coupons to save big, and how to buy responsibly from trusted international vendors—even when prescriptions aren't required in their country. Understanding Modafinil: Key Insights & Facts Modafinil was developed in the late 1970s by French neurophysiologist Michel Jouvet and Lafon Laboratories to treat narcolepsy. In 1998, the U.S. FDA approved it as Provigil for excessive sleepiness linked to narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) [1]. It's also prescribed off-label for ADHD and depression. Modafinil soon gained a reputation as the "world's first safe smart drug," widely used by students, professionals, entrepreneurs, and military personnel for cognitive enhancement with low addiction risk. After its patent expired, generics became available and FDA-approved as bioequivalent to Provigil. Today, leading Indian manufacturers offer affordable generics online, making modafinil more accessible than ever. The Science Behind Modafinil's Effectiveness Modafinil doesn't just fight sleepiness—it enhances the brain's natural alertness systems. Unlike conventional stimulants, it delivers clean, sustained energy without the jitters, anxiety, or crashes often associated with caffeine or amphetamines. Its primary mechanism involves inhibiting dopamine reuptake, increasing dopamine levels in regions like the prefrontal cortex. Modafinil also influences other key neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, glutamate, GABA, and orexin. This broad neurochemical activity helps regulate wakefulness, cognition, mood, and focus without overstimulating the system. As a result, users often experience sharper concentration, improved memory, enhanced mental clarity, greater motivation, and reduced fatigue. It also supports better task-switching, learning, and problem-solving, especially under pressure [2][3]. Rather than pushing the brain into overdrive, modafinil fine-tunes its systems, promoting a calm, sustained mental vigilance. Buying Modafinil Online Prescription-Free: Myth or Reality? Yes, you can buy generic modafinil online without a prescription. While it's technically possible to purchase modafinil without a prescription from various online vendors, the med is a prescription-only medication in most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and throughout the European Union. Despite this, numerous online nootropic vendors and generic pharmaceutical suppliers offer modafinil for sale without requiring a prescription. These vendors often operate from countries with looser regulations and ship internationally. Some popular sources include pharmacies in India, where modafinil is manufactured under various brand names and sold legally with a prescription, but sometimes exported without one. Best Trusted Sources for Modafinil Discounts and Special Offers Not all modafinil sellers are created equal. With the rise in demand for nootropics, the internet is flooded with unverified vendors offering counterfeit or low-quality products, often at too-good-to-be-true prices. Below are some of the most reliable online sources to buy nootropics using modafinil coupons for huge savings. ModafinilXL Promo Codes ModafinilXL continues to be a top-rated vendor for those looking to buy high-quality Modafinil at an unbeatable price. Their savings system is packed with generous offers, stackable coupons, and ongoing promotions, making it easy to save big whether you're a new buyer or a loyal customer. Here's how to make the most of their latest discount opportunities: Top Modafinil XL coupons you can use today: MXLIMITLESS: Save $35 on orders over $500; USD10: A flat $10 off sitewide, no minimum order; N15USD: Get $15 off when spending $170 or more; OFF20N: Take $20 off purchases above $250; USD25N: Enjoy $25 off when your cart hits $360; 30BUCKS: Score $30 off for purchases over $500; 20% off for crypto payments – no code required; MXL-USD25: returning customers get 10 extra pills of their choice. These Modafinil XL coupon codes can be stacked with ModafinilXL's other deals for maximum savings. Special Savings From ModafinilUSA ModafinilUSA stands out for its generous and flexible savings options, making it a go-to choice for cost-conscious shoppers. Whether you're a first-time buyer or a loyal customer, the platform offers a range of coupon codes, bulk order discounts, and promotional perks to help you save more with every purchase. Here's a breakdown of MUS-GET10NOW: Instant $10 off sitewide – no minimum spend required; MUS-USD15-CART170: Save $15 when you spend over $170; MUS-OFF20NOW-CART250: Get $20 off for orders above $250; MUS-WOW25USD-CART360: Enjoy a $25 discount on purchases over $360; MUS-30-CART500: Save a solid $30 when your cart total exceeds $500; MUS-35REWARD-CART750: For orders over $750, take $35 off with this exclusive reward code. Beyond traditional coupon codes, ModafinilUSA offers even more smart savings strategies: 20% off when paying with cryptocurrencies; 5% discount on payments made via Bill Pay, Zelle, eCheck, or ACH (automatically applied); seasonal mega-sales during events like Black Friday and Cyber Monday, with notifications sent via email—so stay subscribed. Loyalty is also rewarded generously: earn up to 50 extra Modafil MD pills after 30 days with a returning customer coupon; after your order arrives, you'll get a coupon for 10 bonus pills; leave a Yotpo review (positive or negative) to get 20 extra pills; leave a review and receive 30 extra pills; post your experience on Reddit and email the link to get 50 bonus pills with your next order. With stackable discounts, crypto perks, and generous freebies, ModafinilUSA makes smart buying both affordable and rewarding. Exclusive Deals makes it simple and rewarding with its no-expiry coupons, transparent deals, and generous freebie system. Current discount codes include: MEU-GET8: Save €8 on orders over €90, plus receive 20 free sample pills; MEU-E15-T250: Get €15 off purchases above €250; MEU-OFF20E-T280: Enjoy €20 off orders over €280; MEU-WOW25E-T370: Save €25 when spending more than €370; MEU-45E-T500: Take €45 off your total when you spend €450 or more. These voucher codes are designed for shoppers of all levels, offering immediate discounts at checkout. Crypto & alternative payment discounts: 20% off for payments made with cryptocurrencies – applied automatically, no code required; 5% discount for using alternative payment methods like SEPA Bank Transfer (IBAN), ACH, Zelle, e-Check, and Bill Pay – no voucher needed. goes the extra mile for its regular buyers with a loyalty system that can score you up to 50 free Modafil MD tablets: get 10 free pills with your next order just for completing a delivery; submit a Yotpo review and receive a coupon for 20 extra tablets; post on and receive 30 free pills; share a Reddit review link to unlock 50 bonus tablets on your next purchase. You'll receive these bonus tablet coupons via email after 30 days. Just keep an eye on your inbox. Top Promotional Coupons When it comes to scoring big savings on modafinil in the UK, stands out with reliable discount codes, straightforward terms, and loyalty perks that pay off. Ongoing coupon codes you can use include: MUK-GET8: Get £8 off your order when you spend £80 or more; MUK-P12-T150: Unlock £12 off purchases over £150; MUK-OFF15P-T200: Take £15 off when spending more than £200; MUK-WOW20P-T300: Enjoy £20 off when you spend over £300; MUK-25P-T400: Save £25 on orders over £400; 20% off crypto payment (applied automatically, no code needed); 5% off with alternative payments: Choose Faster Payments, ACH, Zelle, Bill Pay, e-Check, or similar options and get a 5% discount, no code required. Vouchers cannot be used with PayPal or combined with the 20% crypto discount. Shopping again? Returning shoppers receive up to 50 free tabs. After your next order (minimum £100), expect an email within 30 days with a voucher for up to 50 free Modafil MD tablets. Plus, leaving verified reviews can increase your bonus count: 10 free pills after delivery; 20 pills for a Yotpo review; 30 pills via 50 bonus pills if you share your experience on Reddit. Just contact the vendor's team with proof, and you'll be rewarded on your next order. Current Discount Codes keeps things simple with generous, straightforward offers that don't expire and don't hide behind tricky fine print. Whether you're new to the site or a regular shopper, you'll find plenty of ways to reduce your cost at checkout. Easy savings with verified coupon codes MAU-GET15A – Save A$15 when your order totals A$120+; MAU-A22-T260 – Get A$22 off when spending over A$260; MAU-OFF30A-T380 – Enjoy A$30 off purchases above A$380; MAU-WOW40A-T550 – Take A$40 off on orders exceeding A$550; MAU-45A-T750 – Unlock a generous A$45 discount when you spend over A$750; 20% Off With Crypto Payments. If crypto isn't your thing, you can still score a 5% discount when using other non-card methods like PayID, BPAY, e-Check, ACH, Zelle, or Bill Pay. Again, no code is required—just choose one of these options during payment. If you've shopped before, your next order could come with up to 50 free pills of Modafil MD. Spend at least A$100 and expect a follow-up email within 30 days containing a voucher for your loyalty reward. You can also boost your freebie count with reviews: 10 pills right after delivery, +20 pills for a review on Yotpo, +30 pills through and +50 pills if you share a verified Reddit review. Just contact their support team with proof of review and enjoy even more on your next shipment. Modafinil Legal Status in 2025: Countries & Regulations Modafinil's legal status varies by country [1]. In the U.S., it's a Schedule IV controlled substance—legal with a prescription but illegal to import without approval. Australia, Sweden, South Africa, and Japan also restrict it to prescription use, with Japan classifying it as a tightly controlled psychotropic drug. Canada allows prescriptions but may seize imports. In China and Russia, it's highly restricted with severe penalties. Most European countries, like the UK, Finland, and Denmark, require prescriptions, though control levels vary. Romania criminalizes its sale and import, while Moldova enforces strict rules, especially in Transnistria, where it's banned. Conversely, India permits production and export under loose regulations, and Mexico allows over-the-counter sales. While buying modafinil online without a prescription is a reality for many, it exists in a legal and ethical gray area. Important Safety Information: Modafinil's Potential Side Effects While modafinil is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects, especially when misused or taken without medical guidance. Common issues include headaches, nausea, dry mouth, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and digestive discomfort. Some may experience increased heart rate or nervousness. Rare but serious effects include allergic reactions, skin rashes (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome), chest pain, mood changes, or high blood pressure. This isn't a complete list [4]. Taking modafinil late in the day may disrupt sleep. It's not advised for people with heart, liver, or psychiatric conditions without medical approval. Modafinil can reduce hormonal contraceptive effectiveness and isn't recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Avoid alcohol and other stimulants, stay hydrated, and consult a doctor if adverse effects appear. Final Thoughts: Smart Ways to Save on Modafinil in 2025 Modafinil remains one of the most effective and widely studied cognitive enhancers available today, used by students, executives, shift workers, and creatives alike. This year, smart buyers are leveraging discounts from reliable vendors like those mentioned above to secure genuine products at extremely low cost with huge savings, often with free shipping. By combining promo codes, referral rewards, bulk order discounts, and crypto payment bonuses, it's possible to save significantly over time, especially for regular users. In the end, modafinil isn't about pushing your limits; it's about giving yourself an edge to perform better, stay focused longer, and reclaim your mental energy to achieve an edge. References Modafinil. Retrieved: August 8, 2025. Practical Use and Risk of Modafinil, a Novel Waking Drug. By Dongsoo Kim. Published: February 22, 2012. The off-prescription use of modafinil: An online survey of perceived risks and benefits. By Rachel D. Teodorini, Nicola Rycroft, and James H. Smith-Spark. Published: February 5, 2020. Modafinil Side Effects. Medically reviewed by Retrieved: August 8, 2025.
&w=3840&q=100)
First Post
8 hours ago
- First Post
From Red Fort to Atlantic: India tests deep-sea waters in France before Matsya-6000 launch
To realise deepwater exploration ambitions, India has sent its scientists to France to get experience with deepwater exploration in a French submersible. The learnings will be implemented in India's own deepwater exploration with an Indian submersible. An image of a submersible engaged in deepwater exploration generated by artificial intelligence (AI). In line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's announcement of the 'National Deep Water Exploration Mission', the government has sent scientists to France to learn deepwater exploration and implement their learnings to India's deepwater exploration upon their return. In his Independence Day speech, Modi said that India would explore energy reserves underwater on a mission mode as part of self-reliance efforts. 'To make the country developed, we are now moving towards 'Samudra Manthan'. Taking forward our Samudra Manthan, we want to work in a mission mode towards finding oil reserves, gas reserves under the sea and hence India is going to start the National Deep Water Exploration Mission. This is our important announcement to become energy independent,' the prime minister said. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD VIDEO | PM Modi (@narendramodi) says, 'We are now working towards becoming self-reliant to make the country developed, and are also moving towards 'Samudra Manthan'. For this, India is launching a National Deep Water Exploration Mission.' He added, 'Today, the entire world is… — Press Trust of India (@PTI_News) August 15, 2025 As part of efforts to realise the mission, the Modi government has sent scientists to France to learn deepwater exploration in the Atlantic Ocean and implement their leanings in the Indian mission upon their return. How learnings in Frane will help India India sent scientists to France this month to get international experience in unwater energy exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, according to CNN-News 18. As part of the India-French partnership, Indian scientists from National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai, participated in deep ocean human scientific expeditions onboard the submersible NAUTILE developed by the French marine institute French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), as per the report. The partnership has helped Indian scientists gain valuable operational experience at the deep sea up to 5,000 meters depth in the Atlantic Ocean and functional operations, the report said. Such experience will help them when they would work on India's own human submersible, MATSYA-6000, which will soon carry three persons to a depth of 6,000 meters as part of the Deep Ocean Mission, the report said. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD
