What happens if Canada's thickest glaciers disappear?
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CBC
2 days ago
- CBC
As Canada's thickest glaciers melt, Yukon First Nations wonder what will happen if they disappear
Ron Chambers understands the power of the St. Elias glaciers, because he's experienced it first-hand. He felt it when he camped next to Logan glacier during one of his trips into the vast St. Elias mountain range that extends from the southwestern coast of Alaska inland to the border of Kluane National Park in the Yukon. "We heard huge booming sounds travelling down through the glacier. We also heard sounds like motors, we thought airplanes were coming and nothing showed up. And it was the sounds that the glacier was making." Chambers is a Champagne and Aishihik First Nations citizen and served as the park warden for Kluane National Park for 22 years. He was also the first Yukoner and First Nations man to summit Mount Logan, Canada's highest peak, deep in the St. Elias range in 1975. Now, he says he wants to raise awareness about what's happening to the glaciers that lie just beyond his home. "Even looking out my window in Haines Junction there's a small glacier on the mountains just in front of me — and some of those are disappearing pretty directly," he said. For generations, glaciers in the St. Elias mountain range have shaped the lives of the First Nations people that lived next to them, but human activity is also changing the glaciers. Today, those glaciers are melting at rapid rates due to climate change and local First Nations have been left wondering what their future could look like if the glaciers disappear. For two weeks this July, researchers stayed at the Kluane Lake Research Station on the outskirts of Kluane National Park to study how the glaciers are changing as they melt. Luke Copland, a professor at the University of Ottawa, has been studying these glaciers for almost 20 years. He says he's watched some of them get smaller and smaller each year. "The big ones will be around for a long time — many, many centuries into the future. But these really small ones, those ones are melting away really quickly," Copland said. "And you project that another century there won't be any [glaciers] left of that kind of size." Climate change affecting glacier movement The St. Elias mountain range is home to the largest non-polar icefields in the world. Those icefields are made up of multiple glaciers, which wind through the mountain range like arteries, supplying water to rivers and lakes. The glaciers are dynamic, they can surge forward and retreat, altering the landscape as they move and creating a lasting impact on local ecosystems and communities. Copland wants to understand how glacier motion is being affected by climate change, because that could have an impact on nearby communities in the short term. Glaciers could advance or retreat more rapidly, or more slowly, as they continue to melt, he says. Local communities are already seeing the effects of rapid climate-induced melting. In 2016, warm weather caused the Kaskawulsh glacier to melt even more quickly, creating a gorge. The gorge diverted the water away from the Ä'äy Chù, or Slims River, which feeds Kluane Lake. Since then, water levels in the lake have dropped by a metre. Alyce Johnson, a Kluane First Nation elder and teacher, says she's worried about how chum salmon in Kluane Lake are being affected by lower water levels. "Chum come from the ocean and they come all the way here to the end of this lake. That's where they spawn," she said. "And so with the decrease of water flowing through, that impacts the fish." Glaciers intertwined with Yukon First Nations culture Johnson says her people's stories "live in the glacial system." "The glacial system is a resource. It's a body of water, of frozen lands that are still there that were used as transportation routes," she said. "In our oral histories, our grandmothers talk about going to potlatches or going to a funeral … they would come across the glaciers." Johnson wonders what will happen if in another century some of the glaciers her ancestors once travelled across no longer exist. "How does that impact the language? How does it impact our culture?" she said. "It's going to change, you know, because we rely on that water, we rely on having that relationship to the land." John Fingland, a Champagne and Aishihik First Nations citizen and historian says his nation also has stories and lessons related to the glaciers. This summer, he's been sharing those stories with youth in his community. Despite his understanding of glaciers' importance to Champagne and Aishihik First Nations culture, Fingland says he's not afraid of what could happen if the glaciers disappear. "When you study history, you realize that everything is change…. Our culture is adaptation to change," Fingland said. "When you stand on the glacier that's right beside Mount Logan, you're more than 1,000 meters above the bottom of the valley. And so I'm like, this won't happen in my lifetime, but at some point, if that all melts out, there's a whole other world." Local melting has global ramifications Local communities may be most directly affected by melting glaciers in the St. Elias mountain range, but as these massive icefields melt, researchers say the impacts could be felt around the world. "Globally, about one quarter of all melt coming from glaciers and ice caps – so this excludes ice sheets – is coming from the mountains in this area," said Copland. For Copland and other researchers, a priority now is to take long-term measurements and document what's happening locally, and then apply that to understanding the bigger picture. "The message is that the glaciers are important to everything, locally and globally," Copland said. For Johnson, Chambers and Fingland, it's also about telling others why the glaciers matter. "It's important for glaciologists to come in, understand the stories, understand the landscape, and build that relationship with the Southern Tutchone people and those of us that reside here," Johnson said.
CTV News
2 days ago
- CTV News
Concordia team develops solar-powered Minecraft-style game with eco heart
A trio of Concordia University designers in Montreal developed a solar-powered, Minecraft-style video game with an environmental message. Some Concordia University researchers in Montreal have come up with a video game about fighting climate change - and it's solar-powered. It's a modification of 'Minecraft' where players can build a better world. 'The Enigma of Gaia' is a multiplayer survival game that uses the Minecraft platform. Rosie McDonald is on the team that's been working on this for more than a year. 'We made mods to the game that include pollution,' she said. 'We've added temperature and thirst, we've added devastating storms that destroy the landscape, and so that's not in regular Minecraft. It's a lot harder to play this way, but it gets players to think very differently.' Developers of new game Muhammad Shahrom Ali, Quinn Saggio and Rosie McDonald are developers of the Minecraft-style game "enigma of Gaia," a solar-powered adventure. (Christine Long/CTV News) Challenges include rebuilding after a climate catastrophe in a Minecraft world. 'A tornado passes and then it just eviscerates the land,' said building team member Quinn Saggio. 'It takes away the dirt, the grass, the trees, the leaves, everything. It makes splotches. You have to jump to where you want to go. It makes traversal extremely hard.' Enigma of Gaia Enigma of Gaia is a new game developed from the Minecraft world. (Christine Long/ CTV News) This game is named after Mother Earth, so it's powered in an environmentally friendly way. 'This experiment is what does the world look like where solar power is ubiquitous?' said creative partner Muhammad Sharhrom Ali. 'More specifically, what does gaming look like in that world? And to experiment with that, we need to build the infrastructure.' Three solar panels on the roof of the Concordia EV Building are connected directly to a solar controller and a battery that is then powering a mini PC that is used as a server. Solar panles The game Enigma of Gaia is powered by solar panels. (Christine Long / CTV News) 'If one person is playing in a power-expensive manner, then everybody suffers,' said Ali. 'So when you create these conditions, people have to play in a more mindful way.' 'It's not something you can play whenever you want; it's dictated by the sun and the clouds,' said Saggio. The solar power levels fluctuate and are shown onscreen during gameplay in real time, encouraging more collaborative play. 'There's a lot of consideration and thought put into play that would otherwise be mindless,' said McDonald.
CBC
3 days ago
- CBC
Alberta observatory tracks changes in bird migration with nets, bags and bands
It's bird banding season at the Beaverhill Bird Observatory. The facility near Tofield, Alta., has been carefully tracking birds for decades. The research to chronicle local species has become all the more important as climate change forces migratory birds to adapt.
