"Rahul Gandhi's article is not against anyone." Maharashtra Congress chief
Mumbai (Maharashtra) [India], June 9 (ANI): Maharashtra Congress President Harshwardhan Vasantrao Sapkal came in defence of Lok Sabha Leader of Opposition (LoP) Rahul Gandhi over the latter's remarks regarding the alleged 'rigging' of the 2024 Maharashtra assembly elections and said that he has only introduced facts about the Election Commission's data before the people.
'Rahul Gandhi has not written any article against the BJP. Rahul Gandhi's article is not against anyone. He has some facts about the data of the Election Commission, and through his article, he has kept the same data among the people,' Sapkal told ANI.
He attacked Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis.
'Jo iske laabharti hai...chori karke jo sarkar bani hai, uske jo Mukhyemantri hai, vo election commission ka bachav kar rahe hai (The Chief Minister, who is the beneficiary of this government that has been formed by cheating, is defending the election commission,' Sapkal alleged.
'Why are they defending the election commission? Are you the assigned lawyer of the Election Commission? The election commission must answer these questions,' he added.
On Sunday, Fadnavis launched a scathing attack against Gandhi for allegations against the EC, accusing him of consistently misunderstanding the country's mood and misplacing blame.
Speaking to mediapersons in Hindi, Fadnavis said, 'Ta-umr Rahul Gandhi aap yahi galti karte rahe, dhool chehre pe thi aur aap aina saaf karte rahe (Throughout your life, Rahul Gandhi, you have always made the same mistake; the dust was on your face, but you kept cleaning the mirror).'
The BJP has come down heavily on Congress MP and Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, Rahul Gandhi, following his recent remarks on the elections, with Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Vijay Kumar Sinha saying, 'A leader of the opposition who uses such language is not fit to hold that post.'
He also criticised Gandhi for raising doubts regarding constitutional institutions.
Sinha reached Ayodhya for a two-day program on Sunday and said, 'They carry the Constitution book in hand and yet raise doubts about constitutional institutions. This reflects their mindset. They do not truly believe in the Constitution or its institutions. An opposition leader who uses such language is not fit to hold that post.'
This comes after Gandhi alleged that the Maharashtra assembly election held in November 2024 was 'rigged' and claimed the same could happen in the upcoming Bihar assembly polls.
In a post on X, Gandhi shared his article published in a newspaper, explaining the 'rigging' in the Maharashtra assembly polls.
'Maharashtra assembly elections in 2024 were a blueprint for rigging democracy. My article shows how this happened, step by step,' Gandhi said.
The former Congress President explained a five-point process. He said that step one includes rigging the panel that appoints the Election Commission and adding fake voters to the electoral roll.
He further claimed that the following steps include inflating the voter turnout, targeting the bogus voting exactly where the BJP needs to win and hiding the evidence.
'Step 1: Rig the panel for appointing the Election Commission; Step 2: Add fake voters to the roll; Step 3: Inflate voter turnout; Step 4: Target the bogus voting exactly where the BJP needs to win; Step 5: Hide the evidence,' Gandhi said.
He further labelled rigging as 'match-fixing', saying that the side cheats might win the game but damage institutions and destroy public faith in the result.
'It's not hard to see why the BJP was so desperate in Maharashtra. But rigging is like match-fixing. The side that cheats might win the game, but (it) will damage institutions and destroy public faith in the result. All concerned Indians must see the evidence. Judge for themselves. Demand answers,' the Rae Bareli MP said.
Gandhi warned that the 'match-fixing' of Maharashtra would come to Bihar next, where the polls are due later this year, and then 'anywhere' the BJP was losing elections. 'Match-fixed elections are a poison for any democracy,' he added. (ANI)
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UPSC Key: National Emergency, Women's Reservation Bill and CPI inflation
Important topics and their relevance in UPSC CSE exam for June 12, 2025. If you missed the June 11, 2025 UPSC CSE exam key from the Indian Express, read it here FRONT PAGE Echoes from Courtroom No. 24: Verdict unseated PM, she struck back at nation Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: History of India Main Examination: General Studies II: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. What's the ongoing story: On June 12, 1975, the ruling by Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha of Allahabad High Court set aside Indira Gandhi's 1971 election, triggering a chain of events that led to the imposition of Emergency. Key Points to Ponder: • What is an Emergency? • Emergency 1975-what you know so far? • What are the emergency provisions in the Constitution of India? • Which type of Emergency was imposed in 1975? • Reason behind Emergency 1975-know in detail • What were the Impacts of imposing National Emergency in 1975? • Who was the judge who delivered the verdict against Indira Gandhi in the 1975 election case? • Who was the President of India during the declaration of Emergency in 1975? • Which fundamental rights was most curtailed during the Emergency? • Evaluate the role of the judiciary during the Emergency, particularly in the ADM Jabalpur case. • Do you agree that the 44th Amendment Act was a corrective measure to restore constitutional balance post-Emergency? Key Takeaways: • At 10 am on June 12, 1975, Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha reached Courtroom Number 24 of the Allahabad High Court and took his seat in the jam-packed courtroom. And then, he pronounced a judgment that would go on to have epochal consequences for then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi — and India. • Allowing the petition of Raj Narain, who, following his loss to Indira Gandhi in the 1971 election, had moved court alleging electoral malpractices by the Prime Minister, Justice Sinha said, 'This petition is allowed and the election of Smt. Indira Nehru Gandhi, Respondent No. 1, to the Lok Sabha is declared void… (Indira Gandhi) accordingly stands disqualified for a period of six years from the date of this order.' • For the first time in the history of independent India, a Prime Minister's election had been set aside. Months earlier, the courtroom had witnessed another first — the Prime Minister being cross-examined for two consecutive days. • Justice Sinha then signed on the order, one that would set off a spiral of events that culminated in Indira Gandhi invoking Constitutional provisions to impose an internal Emergency – a 21-month period that witnessed an unprecedented suspension of fundamental rights and the suppression of dissent across the country. • It was on April 24, 1971, that Raj Narain, a socialist who lost the Rae Bareli Lok Sabha seat to Indira Gandhi that year as a joint Opposition candidate of the Samyukta Socialist Party, challenged the election result alleging electoral malpractices and misuse of government machinery by the then Prime Minister. 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Do You Know: • The Emergency refers to the period from June 25, 1975 to March 21, 1977, during which the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi used special provisions in the Constitution to impose sweeping executive and legislative consequences on the country. • The declaration of Emergency converts the federal structure into a de facto unitary one, as the Union acquires the right to give any direction to state governments, which, though not suspended, come under the complete control of the Centre. • Parliament may by law extend the (five-year) term of Lok Sabha one year at a time, make laws on subjects in the State List, and extend the Union's executive powers to the states. The President can modify, with parliamentary approval, constitutional provisions on the allocation of financial resources between the Union and states. • Under Article 352 of the Constitution, the President may, on the advice of the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister, issue a proclamation of emergency if the security of India or any part of the country is threatened by 'war or external aggression or armed rebellion'. • In 1975, instead of armed rebellion, the ground of 'internal disturbance' was available to the government to proclaim an emergency. In its press note, the government said certain persons were inciting the police and armed forces to not discharge their duties — an apparent reference to Jayaprakash Narayan's call to police not to follow orders that were 'immoral'. • This was the only instance of proclamation of emergency due to 'internal disturbance'. 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Do you think 'respecting women' comes under policy or it should be in one's behaviour? • Women power's or women's empowerment? • Why after 75 years of Independence, India is still talking about women's power and women's empowerment? • What are basic issues and challenges which impedes women in India to be empowered? • Why women's empowerment is male driven? 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But since the Census which was due in 2021 – the exercise is held every 10 years – has been delayed, ostensibly because of the Covid pandemic, this timeline could be altered. • The earliest that the Census exercise can now happen is 2025 – houselisting in 2024 followed by the actual Census and the publication would take one to two years. If the results of the '2021 Census' are published after 2026, this could become the basis of delimitation of constituencies. • The Census will be followed by the delimitation exercise which requires more amendments to the Constitution. Articles 82 and 170 (3) that deal with composition of the Legislative Assemblies would have to be amended, said S K Mendiratta, former legal advisor, Election Commission of India. • As of now, the reallocation of seats in Lok Sabha and readjustment of seats in State Assemblies are to be done when 'relevant figures for the first Census taken after the year (2026) have been published'. 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However, over the last three decades, it was not spotted in the water bodies of the Valley, and it was thought to be extinct in Kashmir. • The sudden decline in otters, a carnivorous mammal that feeds on fish and other aquatic fauna, was attributed to increased water pollution and hunting of the mammal for its fur. • Wildlife officials say that this is the third occasion this year that it has been spotted in the Valley. 'In May, it was first spotted in the Gurez valley,' Wagay said. 'It was also spotted in Heerpora (in south Kashmir's Shopian district).' • Wildlife officials say that the sighting of the mammal is encouraging and could help restore Kashmir's aquatic ecology. Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍Eurasian otter spotted in STR and Kanha-Pench corridor EXPRESS NETWORK Railway safety body gives final nod for Mizoram capital's first rail link Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance. Main Examination: General Studies III: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc. What's the ongoing story: The Commission of Railway Safety (CRS) has authorised operations on the railway line from Hortoki to Sairang in Mizoram, the final clearance for a key stretch that will connect state capital Aizawl by rail for the first time. Key Points to Ponder: • What is north eastern railway connectivity project in India? • How many North-eastern state capitals are connected to the national railway network? • Know the strategic and economic significance of connecting Aizawl to the national railway network via the Bairabi–Sairang line. • What are the challenges faced during the construction of the Bairabi–Sairang railway project? • How PM Gati Shakti initiative helped in transforming infrastructure in the North-eastern region of India? • Know the potential benefits of the Bairabi–Sairang railway line in promoting tourism in Mizoram. 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With the commissioning of the final leg, Mizoram's capital is now integrated with the national railway network and trains are set to run on the complete stretch. • The 51.38-km Bairabi-Sairang New Line Railway Project comprises 48 tunnels (with a cumulative length of 12,853 metres), 55 major bridges and 87 minor bridges. The height of one of the bridges (bridge number 196) is 104 metres — which, for context, is 42 metres taller than the Qutub Minar. Do You Know: • The project also includes five road overbridges and 6 road under bridges. This project is divided into four sections: Bairabi-Hortoki, Hortoki- Kawnpui, Kawnpui-Mualkhang and Mualkhang-Sairang. • The Bairabi-Sairang project is part of a broader push by the Ministry of Railways to connect all northeast state capitals by rail. This involves numerous new line and doubling projects across Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur and Tripura. 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(2017) (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 EXPLAINED Drone warfare & India Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance. Main Examination: General Studies II: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests What's the ongoing story: Ukraine's Operation Spider's Web and the recent India-Pakistan hostilities in the wake of Operation Sindoor underline the salience of drones — specifically ones sent out in swarms — in modern warfare. 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Their modern military usage took off in the 1990s, after being successfully deployed in the Gulf War of 1991. • The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict of 2020 marked a turning point in drone warfare: Azerbaijan's use of Turkish Bayraktar TB2 and Israeli Harop drones devastated Armenian defences, decisively shifting the conflict's dynamics in favour of Baku. • Ukraine has notably used 'first-person view' (FPV) racing drones to target tanks, chase individual soldiers and small units, and, most notably, bomb Russian air bases. Do You Know: • Since 2020, India has ramped up its counter-drone infrastructure, deploying a layered defence that blends indigenous technology, EW, and air defence systems. Key systems include: —Akashteer Air Defence Control System: Developed by Bharat Electronics Ltd, it integrates with the Indian Air Force's integrated command network for real-time tracking; —Bhargavastra: Solar Defence and Aerospace Ltd's weapon system fires 64 micro-rockets in salvos to eliminate drone swarms; —DRDO's Anti-Drone System: It offers 360-degree radar coverage, with both jamming (soft kill) and laser (hard kill) capabilities. Drones can be detected up to 4 km away, and neutralised within a 1 km radius; and —Indrajaal: An AI-powered grid from a Hyderabad startup that combines jammers, spoofers, and intelligence to protect areas up to 4,000 sq km. Already deployed at naval sites in Gujarat and Karnataka. • During the May 2025 swarm attacks, the IAF activated its Integrated Counter-UAS Grid, alongside conventional radars, guns, and missiles, neutralising attempted strikes on 15 military bases and several urban targets. Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍Operation Sindoor | How India's air defence shield works: Inside the IACCS command system Why the Census 2027 is critical for India's economic growth & development Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Mains Examination: • General Studies I: population and associated issues • General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. What's the ongoing story: The Government of India has announced that the next Census will be conducted in two phases over 2026 and 2027. The effective date for which it will provide all the data will be March 1, 2027. 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It is noteworthy that the delay in India's case — 6 years — is much longer than in most other countries (including India's neighbours such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). • Explaining the delay, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) spokesperson posted the following on X: 'Covid disrupted all sectors, including education. Around 30 lakh enumerators are needed for the Census and most of them are primary school teachers. Conducting the Census post-Covid could have disrupted primary education immensely.' • One, the caste census, or the collection of caste data along with all the other data. Two, the possible usage of Census 2027 data for the purposes of delimitation, which is essentially an exercise that will entail rebalancing the state-wise share of Lok Sabha seats based on population. Most of the southern states, which were more effective in population control over the past 50 years, stand to lose electoral representation relative to northern states, which failed to control their population growth as effectively. • At one level, the fact that caste and delimitation are heavily politicised, warn some demographers, may vitiate the quality and credibility of the Census data. This may happen as people attempt to tweak their answers on questions (such as caste and language etc.) in a manner that, in their view, suits their politics instead of providing an unbiased response capturing the reality. • The national Census provides the fundamental statistical basis for all other types of surveys and analysis in the country. The Census isn't just the complete enumeration of all Indians. Rather, it is as complete an image of India as possible, as it collects data on age, gender, family status, economic status, unemployment, language, education, disability, migration — the list is pretty long. • In other words, the Census is a reality check for the country — a look in the mirror without which a self-portrait is not possible. In providing all this information for each Indian, the Census not only tells the story of how India changed in the past 10 years — in this case, the past 16 years — but also gives clues to how it might change in the next decade. Do You Know: The Census forms the basis of all future surveys and policymaking. • Inflation control and Interest rates-To be sure, retail inflation rate captures the rate at which the general price level in the economy went up from one year to the next. This rate, in turn, is based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and how much it rose over the past year. The CPI is essentially a basket of goods and services that retail consumers 'consume'. The index allocates different weights to different goods and services and then maps how prices of these components move in a weighted fashion. Food articles, for instance, have a weight of 46% in the total index. This is another way of saying that 46% of all the money spent by a common Indian is spent on food items. • A Census — say Census 2011 — provides one clear image of India at one specific point in time. That distribution of people — quality of their lives, their economic status, their migration patterns etc. — provides the base for all future surveys such as the consumption survey for government or the many of the market surveys done by private companies trying to figure out whether there is going to be more demand for cars ( and if so, what kind of cars) in rural India in the next 5 to 10 years. • Migration, Urbanisation and Governance-Migration, for instance, is one of the least understood variables. Often, population projections are based on fertility (birth rate) and mortality (death rate) assumptions. But there is a third variable that can, and often does, change the population of a village, city or state — that's internal migration in the country. Other Important Articles Covering the same topic: 📍The Census of 1931 ECONOMY For first time in 6 years, CPI inflation likely to have fallen below 3% in May Syllabus: Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development Mains Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment. What's the ongoing story: India's headline retail inflation rate may have fallen below 3 per cent for the first time in just over six years in May 2025, with food prices again expected to drive down the overall trajectory even though vegetables became somewhat more expensive last month compared to April 2025. Key Points to Ponder: • What is CPI inflation? • How is it calculated? • What are its components? • What does the data show? • What is the significance? • What is Inflation? • Know the Types of Inflation like Moderate Inflation, Galloping Inflation, Hyper-Inflation, Stagflation, Deflation, Core Inflation etc. • What are the causes of Inflation in the present situation • How Inflation is Measured in India? • What is the Long term, Medium Term and Short-term impact of Inflation? • New Standard for Measuring Inflation in India and Old Standard for Measuring Inflation-Key Differences • Steps or Measures Taken by GOI to Control Inflation • What do you understand by Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and Consumer Price Index? WPI and CPI is published by whom? • What's the RBI assessment on inflation recently? 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Bank of Baroda's Essential Commodities Index, for instance, declined 0.6 per cent year-on-year last month – the first time the index has fallen since January 2019. • While the headline inflation rate is seen falling for the seventh month in a row in May 2025, core inflation – which measures the year-on-year price change for non-food-non-fuel items in the CPI basket – is seen edging up to around 4.2 per cent. • Core inflation, seen as an indicator of underlying demand pressures, has gradually risen since the middle of 2024, when it stood at 3.1 per cent. According to Nomura economists Aurodeep Nandi and Sonal Varma, the recent uptick in core CPI inflation should be looked through. • While the outlook for inflation is benign – the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) last week cut its forecast for the current fiscal by 30 basis points (bps) to 3.7 per cent – the pace with which prices of certain food items are falling is decreasing. According to Union Bank of India, vegetable prices possibly rose in May 2025 on a month-on-month basis after consistently falling for six months. 'On-the-ground prices of most food segments, though, continue to slide but the pace of correction is losing ground,' the bank's economists, led by Kanika Pasricha, said in a note. Do You Know: • The CPI inflation is nothing but the rate of inflation that consumers face. It is different from the major inflation indicator — the wholesale price index-based inflation rate. According to the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), which releases the data, the consumer price index measures 'changes over time in general level of prices of a basket of selected goods and services that households acquire for the purpose of consumption'. At an all-India level, the current CPI basket comprises 299 items. • Apart from an aggregate index, consumer price indices are constructed for both rural and urban consumers as well. The 'base year' for the current series of indices is 2012. In other words, the price index is given a value of 100 for 2012 and changes from these price levels are then calculated to arrive at inflation rates for each good or service. • The CPI has six main components, each with differing weights and many more sub-components within them. The main components are—Food and beverages, Pan, tobacco and intoxicants, Clothing and footwear, Housing, Fuel and light and Miscellaneous (services such as education, health care etc.) • Among these, food articles currently weigh 45% of the total index. The second-biggest component is that of miscellaneous services. Within the food category, cereal prices are the biggest factor — they account for 9.67% of the total CPI. This means that a spike in prices of food articles like cereals, vegetables, milk and pulses tends to have the biggest impact in raising consumer inflation. 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- Business Standard
Modi govt committed to providing 33% reservation to women: Gadkari
Union minister Nitin Gadkari on Thursday said the Modi government was committed to providing 33 per cent reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies, and it has taken a decision to that effect. Describing the 11 years of the Modi government as "very important" in the country's history, he said what failed to happen in the 60 years prior to that was achieved by the present dispensation cutting across sectors. Addressing a press conference in Nagpur on the completion of 11 years of Prime Minister Narendra Modi-led government, he expressed confidence that the country's logistics cost will come down to 9 per cent by the end of this year, which will boost exports and help businesses and industries to grow. When asked about the issue of women's quota, Gadkari said, "It is our commitment to provide 33 per cent reservation to women and we have also taken a decision to that effect." In September 2023, President Droupadi Murmu gave her assent to the women's reservation bill - Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam - which seeks to provide 33 per cent reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies. There are reports that the Modi government is likely to roll out 33 per cent reservation for women ahead of the 2029 Lok Sabha elections. Talking about the achievements of the Modi government, Gadkari said the development of the country and the progress of villages, farmers, labourers and all sections of society in the past 11 years under the leadership of PM Modi is before everyone to see. "These 11 years are very important in the history of our country. The work which could not happen in 60 years of the Congress rule happened very effectively in all sectors in these last 11 years," Gadkari said. Highlighting the works carried out by the government, he said it prioritised development of power, transport, water and communication sectors. He cited a study conducted by IIM Bangalore, IIT Kanpur and IIT Chennai on road infrastructure development in the country, which stated that the logistics cost of the country which was 16 per cent earlier, has come down by 4 to 6 per cent to 10 per cent. He called it a good achievement and said it will help in the growth of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). "The logistics cost of our country was 16 per cent, while that of China was 8 per cent and America and European countries 12 per cent. As per the study, the logistics cost of the country has come down by 4 to 6 per cent, which means it decreased to 10 per cent from 16 per cent due to the work carried out in the road sector," he said. "Three to four years back, I had talked about bringing our logistics cost to a single digit and I believe that by December end (this year), the logistics cost will be 9 per cent which will boost our exports more and increase our business and industries," the minister said. Describing port connectivity as a very important factor and a growth engine for the country's development as imports and exports are linked to it, he said 111 port connectivity projects of Rs 75,000 crore and 2,700 km of length were currently either underway, completed and being planned. The faster the movement in ports the lesser the cost of transport, he said. "Our turnaround time for transportation has reduced by 30 to 40 per cent. Similarly, new satellites and dry ports have come up in the country, which has helped bring down the logistics cost," he said. Gadkari also said that his ministry carried out infrastructure development works of Rs 5 lakh crore in Maharashtra in the last 11 years. The Vadhavan port (being developed in Palghar district) will become the second largest container port in the world with proposed construction of an eight-lane road worth Rs 4,000 crore, he said. "The government brought changes in every sector in the country under the leadership of PM Modi and India will keep progressing in the years to come as well," he said. Gadkari also lauded the government for implementing various schemes, including the Jan Dhan Yojana, Har Ghar Jal Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, for the benefit of the poor in the country. When asked about Congress leader Rahul Gandhi's letter to PM Modi in which he criticised the government for not talking about the present but selling dreams of 2047, Gadkari said, "The government is not showing dreams but talking about the works it has done..." In a lighter vein, the BJP leader said, "Why do you take Rahul ji seriously? Lots of people write letters to the PM.
Hindustan Times
an hour ago
- Hindustan Times
Rolling out the women's quota
In September 2023, Parliament passed the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, the law that mandates setting aside one-third or 33% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies for women. The law also states that the reservation for women in the legislature can be rolled out only after the delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies, which, in turn, can be done only after the census is completed. The government recently announced that the census, due in 2021, will now be completed by March 1, 2027. So, women's quota in the House can be rolled out only after the census and delimitation exercises are completed. Against this backdrop, the plan to hold the 2029 general election with the women's quota in place may seem a tall order, but is possible. There are two challenges the political executive and administration will face. First, the census. Experience suggests that it may take nearly two years for the administration to process the enumeration data. This time caste will be added as an enumeration category, a first since 1931. However, digital technology is expected to help enumerators complete the process in less than a year. This should leave a sufficient window for the political executive to surmount the second hurdle, which is the delimitation exercise. The lack of a political consensus on delimitation of the Lok Sabha constituencies makes it a potentially contentious exercise: States including Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Telangana, and Punjab have formed a Joint Action Committee on Fair Delimitation, which convened in Chennai in March, and demanded that a freeze on the number of parliamentary constituencies, based on the 1971 Census, be extended for another 25 years. However, the Centre has assured the restive States that their concerns will be addressed and that their current tally of seats will be protected. The challenge before the Union government is how to firewall the delimitation exercise from the contingencies of electoral politics. This will surely test its persuasive powers and tactical acumen. What could aid its push to roll out the women's quota is the broad consensus in favour of political reservation for women: Women outvoted men (65.8% was the turnout for women as compared to 65.6% for men) in the 2024 general election, and it's natural that this enthusiasm is translated into political representation in Parliament.
