Alarm over brain-eating parasite found in supermarket salad item - amid rise in deadly food poisoning

Daily Mail​

26-06-2025

Health chiefs have sounded the alarm over ready-to-eat salad bags due to potentially-deadly contamination fears, amid an alarming rise in food poisoning outbreaks.
There are currently no mandatory surveillance for bacteria in fresh produce—which can cause severe brain damage and breathing difficulties—despite ready-to-eat items surging in popularity, scientists have warned.
The contamination is not confined to a specific area, instead reported across 10 European countries including the UK, the study, published in the journal Eurosurveillance found.
Scientists collected 3,320 salad samples between October 2021 and September 2022 and found that over 4 per cent of the leaves were contaminated with toxoplasma gondii oocysts.
This bacteria can be passed on by digesting cat feces, which contaminate food and water, making salad that is not washed properly a popular breeding ground for the bacteria.
Research by the National Institute of Health suggests that half of the UK population show signs of past infection by the age of 50, though most cases go unnoticed.
The nasty bug can also cause flu-like symptoms and muscle aches and pains. However, it can be fatal.
People who have a weakened immune system, such as cancer patients, are at an increased risk of infection, known as toxoplasmosis.
This can cause severe neurological and respiratory systems which can be fatal, causing damage to the brain, eyes, heart and lungs.
Catching this infection during pregnancy can be particularly dangerous, resulting in spontaneous miscarriage and fetal abnormalities, the NHS warns.
If people become seriously ill, they may need hospital care because the damage can be life-threatening.
The NHS advises anyone who experiences more serious symptoms, including confusion and slurred speech to call 999.
However, most cases will clear up on their own or can be treated with a course of antibiotics.
Samples of the leaves were collected in the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the UK.
Most positive samples were collected in winter and packaged in the UK, France, Portugal, Spain and Denmark.
Scientists are now urging for better control measures to help protect consumers against infection.
'This is particularly relevant since ready-to-eat salads are intended to be consumed raw without any further treatment by the consumer', they added.
'Future work should investigate presence of [the parasite] in different steps of the ready-to-eat production to minimise infection risk for humans.'
This comes as health watchdogs warn that outbreaks of food poisoning are becoming more complex, with a significant increase in serious cases.
In April this year, health officials sounded the alarm over a worrying surge in serious cases of a rare strain of E.coli—a bacterial infection that's been linked to colon cancer. The outbreak sickened 288 patients, causing nine cases of haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) — a life-threatening condition that can lead to kidney failure —and two deaths, the latest UKHSA figures show.
Food safety chiefs previously said they were confident a type of butterhead lettuce, named Apollo, was behind the outbreak of the diarrhoea-causing bug.
Experts believe lettuce's texture can make it more prone to the bacteria and the fact it's not cooked, which would usually kill off bugs, increases the risk.
Rates of a rare strain of the bug E.coli—found commonly in contaminated lettuce—have risen almost 10-fold in England in just seven years, fresh figures show.
Cases of the infection are thought to be linked to the mysterious epidemic of colon cancer among the under 50s.
In 2023 alone, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) investigated 59 new or ongoing outbreaks and incidence of gastrointestinal illness linked with foodborne disease.
Now, experts have told of the potential reasons behind the E.coli explosion — including climate change, more vigilant reporting by hospitals and a rise in the number of people vulnerable to severe illness.
It may also be the case that more shoppers are opting for prime sources of the bug, such as lettuce, either via ready made sandwiches or bagged salads.
Studies suggest leafy greens are responsible for half of all E.coli outbreaks.
Professor Paul Hunter, a renowned infectious diseases expert from the University of East Anglia told MailOnline: 'Watering during growth allows the potentially contaminated water to rest on the lettuce leaf.
'The rough and waxy surface of the leaf also makes it difficult to wash off E. coli.
'As to whether E. coli can enter the tissue of the lettuce, probably it can, though the evidence is somewhat conflicting.
'The main risk comes from bacteria attached to the leaf surface. Most other vegetables are either peeled or cooked before eating.
'We also found bagged lettuce already prepared for use to be a common factor.'
Experts say all salad should be washed thoroughly by immersing in cold water.
Storage of vegetables is also key: if salad bags are in the fridge and the temperature is less than four degrees, bacteria will not multiply as rapidly.
Experts also say recent wet, warm weather can creates an 'ideal' breeding ground for E. coli to spread.
Out of the 436 recorded incidence involving food contamination, Salmonella was the most recorded cause, with Listeria and STEC also on the rise.
STEC is one of the most dangerous forms of food-borne E. coli, capable of causing life-threatening kidney failure, serious blood clotting disorders.