Understanding SPF for Children: What every mother in India should know

India Today

03-06-2025

India's climate, defined by long summers, intense sunlight, and increasingly unpredictable weather, poses unique challenges for parents trying to protect their children from sun damage. While sunscreen is a familiar part of adult skincare, many Indian parents are still unsure about when to introduce sun protection for kids. Is sunscreen safe for toddlers? What level of SPF is enough? How often should it be reapplied?advertisementWith UV levels rising across the subcontinent and cases of skin sensitivity and sun damage increasing even in children, it's time we look at SPF not just as a cosmetic afterthought, but as an everyday essential.WHY CHILDREN NEED SUN PROTECTION
Children's skin is much more delicate and permeable than adults', making it more vulnerable to UV rays. According to dermatologists, just a few blistering sunburns during childhood can significantly increase the risk of skin cancer later in life, including melanoma.What's more concerning is that up to 80% of lifetime sun exposure typically happens before the age of 18. Sun protection in the early years isn't optional, but it is a long-term investment in a child's health.SPF 101: WHAT IT MEANS AND WHY IT MATTERSSPF, or Sun Protection Factor, refers to how effectively a sunscreen protects against UVB rays, the ones responsible for sunburn and skin cancer. Here's a quick reference:SPF 15 blocks ~93% of UVB raysSPF 30 blocks ~97%SPF 50 blocks ~98%advertisementThough the differences seem minor, they can be meaningful for children who spend extended hours in the sun. Also, higher SPF does not mean longer wear; reapplication every two hours remains critical.AND WHAT ABOUT UVA?While SPF measures UVB protection, UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and cause long-term cellular damage, ageing, and pigmentation. Look for sunscreens labelled broad-spectrum, meaning they shield from both UVA and UVB rays.CHOOSING THE RIGHT SUNSCREEN FOR CHILDRENWith India's growing skincare market, there are now several options specifically formulated for children. But not all are created equal. Here's what to look for:SPF 30 or higher – Suitable for Indian sun conditionsMineral-based formulations – Ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are gentle and non-irritatingFragrance-free, hypoallergenic – Ideal for sensitive young skinBroad-spectrum protection – Guards against both UVA and UVBWater-resistant – A must for playtime, especially during summer vacationsEXPERT SPEAK: WHY MOMS SHOULDN'T SKIP THE SUNSCREEN'The misconception that children don't need sunscreen, especially on cloudy days or in winter, is still prevalent in many Indian households,' says Ms. Shaily Mehrotra,CEO and Co-founder, at Fixderma Skincare, a dermatologically backed skincare brand. 'But UV radiation is constant year-round and can penetrate through clouds and even windows. Starting sun protection early builds a habit and significantly reduces long-term skin risks.' HOW TO APPLY SUNSCREEN THE RIGHT WAYApply 15–30 minutes before going outdoorsUse a generous amount – about a teaspoon for the face and a shot-glass size for the bodyCover all exposed areas – don't forget ears, neck, backs of hands, feet and scalp if visible.Reapply every two hours, or after swimming/sweatingAvoid sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when UV rays are strongestSUNSCREEN ISN'T ENOUGH—LAYER THE PROTECTIONTo truly safeguard your child's skin, sunscreen should be combined with:Protective clothing – Long sleeves in breathable fabricsHats and sunglasses – For facial and eye protectionShade-seeking habits – Encourage children to play in shaded areas during peak hoursMAKE IT A ROUTINE, NOT A REMINDERChildren learn through habits. Just like brushing their teeth or washing their hands becomes second nature, applying sunscreen should also be a part of their daily routine, especially before going outdoors. Encourage them to take part in the process by allowing them to apply the sunscreen themselves, with supervision. You can also create enjoyable rituals, like 'sun shield time,' to make it more fun.THE INDIAN CONTEXT: WHY IT'S EVEN MORE IMPORTANT HEREIndia's proximity to the equator results in higher UV index levels throughout the year, regardless of the season. Additionally, increasing air pollution ironically exacerbates UV damage by thinning the ozone layer, making the need for early sun protection even more critical. A mother's instinct is to protect her child, and when it comes to sun exposure, that protection starts with knowledge. Understanding SPF and incorporating sunscreen into your child's daily routine is essential not only for preventing tans or burns but also for safeguarding their skin health for years to come. As Ms. Mehrotra emphasises, 'Sun protection in childhood lays the foundation for lifelong skin health. It's one of the simplest and most effective habits a parent can pass on.' So, the next time you head out with your child, don't forget to bring that little bottle of sunscreen. Although it may be small, its impact can last a lifetime.