
TOI Impact: Rights panel seeks report on uranium toxicity in Punjab groundwater
The TOI report, published on Aug 5, revealed that nearly one-third of groundwater samples analysed by CGWB in Punjab contained toxic levels of uranium, along with harmful concentrations of arsenic, fluoride, and nitrate, raising serious public health concerns.
The commission — comprising chairperson Justice Sant Parkash and member Justice Gurbir Singh — has directed the CGWB regional director to submit a report before the next hearing on Sept 25.
The ministry of state for Jal Shakti, in response to Rajya Sabha MP Swati Maliwal, noted that 32.6% of groundwater samples tested in Punjab exceeded the permissible uranium limit of 0.03 mg/L — the highest contamination rate among all tested parameters. By comparison, 10.7% of samples in Delhi breached the same threshold.
High uranium levels in drinking water are known to cause kidney damage and long-term health complications.
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Of the 908 samples analysed in Punjab, 296 contained uranium beyond safe limits.
Other toxic elements were also found in significant proportions. Fluoride levels exceeded the safe limit of 1.5 mg/L in 13.8% of samples, with long-term exposure linked to arthritis, infertility, hypertension, neurotoxicity, and skeletal cancer, as well as potential damage to the liver, kidneys, and lungs. Nitrate contamination was observed in 12.6% of 922 samples, surpassing the permissible limit of 45 mg/L.
Arsenic levels were above the safety threshold of 0.01 mg/L in 4.8% of samples. Additionally, electrical conductivity (EC) exceeded 3000 µS/cm at 25°C in 6.7% of samples, indicating high salinity and the likely presence of dissolved solids.

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