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California resident tests positive for plague

California resident tests positive for plague

RNZ News13 hours ago
By
Nadia Kounang
, CNN
Plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis and is spread to humans through infected flea bites or contact with infected animals.
Photo:
BSIP / Universal Images Group Editorial / Getty Images via CNN Newsource
A Lake Tahoe area resident has tested positive for plague, California health officials have said. Officials said they believed the resident was infected after being bitten by an infected flea while camping in the South Lake Tahoe area.
The person is recovering at home and under the care of medical professionals, El Dorado County officials said in a news release.
"Plague is naturally present in many parts of California, including higher elevation areas of El Dorado County," said Kyle Fliflet, El Dorado County acting director of public health. "It's important that individuals take precautions for themselves and their pets when outdoors, especially while walking, hiking and or camping in areas where wild rodents are present."
According to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, there's an average of seven cases of human plague reported annually in the United States. The infection is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis and is spread to humans through infected flea bites or contact with infected animals. Symptoms of infection tend to occur within two weeks of exposure and can include fever, chills, weakness and swollen lymph nodes. Plague infections can be treated with common antibiotics.
The CDC notes that most plague cases tend to occur in rural areas in the western United States.
The California Department of Public Health routinely monitors rodent populations for plague activity and has identified four positive rodent infections in the Tahoe Basin this year. According to El Dorado County officials, prior to this infection, the last positive case in the area was in 2020.
To prevent infection, the CDC suggests reducing potential rodent habitats by clearing brush, rock piles, and junk; using insect repellant like DEET when in areas of possible exposure; using flea control product on pets and not allowing pets that roam freely in areas endemic with infection to sleep on your bed.
-CNN
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California resident tests positive for plague
California resident tests positive for plague

RNZ News

time13 hours ago

  • RNZ News

California resident tests positive for plague

By Nadia Kounang , CNN Plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis and is spread to humans through infected flea bites or contact with infected animals. Photo: BSIP / Universal Images Group Editorial / Getty Images via CNN Newsource A Lake Tahoe area resident has tested positive for plague, California health officials have said. Officials said they believed the resident was infected after being bitten by an infected flea while camping in the South Lake Tahoe area. The person is recovering at home and under the care of medical professionals, El Dorado County officials said in a news release. "Plague is naturally present in many parts of California, including higher elevation areas of El Dorado County," said Kyle Fliflet, El Dorado County acting director of public health. "It's important that individuals take precautions for themselves and their pets when outdoors, especially while walking, hiking and or camping in areas where wild rodents are present." According to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, there's an average of seven cases of human plague reported annually in the United States. The infection is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis and is spread to humans through infected flea bites or contact with infected animals. Symptoms of infection tend to occur within two weeks of exposure and can include fever, chills, weakness and swollen lymph nodes. Plague infections can be treated with common antibiotics. The CDC notes that most plague cases tend to occur in rural areas in the western United States. The California Department of Public Health routinely monitors rodent populations for plague activity and has identified four positive rodent infections in the Tahoe Basin this year. According to El Dorado County officials, prior to this infection, the last positive case in the area was in 2020. To prevent infection, the CDC suggests reducing potential rodent habitats by clearing brush, rock piles, and junk; using insect repellant like DEET when in areas of possible exposure; using flea control product on pets and not allowing pets that roam freely in areas endemic with infection to sleep on your bed. -CNN

Scientists say it may be possible to protect ageing brains from Alzheimer's with an old remedy — lithium
Scientists say it may be possible to protect ageing brains from Alzheimer's with an old remedy — lithium

RNZ News

time07-08-2025

  • RNZ News

Scientists say it may be possible to protect ageing brains from Alzheimer's with an old remedy — lithium

By Brenda Goodman , CNN Photo: VICTOR HABBICK VISIONS/SCIENCE P In a major new finding almost a decade in the making, researchers at Harvard Medical School say they've found a key that may unlock many of the mysteries of Alzheimer's disease and brain ageing - the humble metal lithium. Lithium is best known to medicine as a mood stabiliser given to people who have bipolar disorder and depression. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1970, but it was used by doctors to treat mood disorders for nearly a century beforehand. Now, for the first time, researchers have shown that lithium is naturally present in the body in tiny amounts and that cells require it to function normally - much like vitamin C or iron. It also appears to play a critical role in maintaining brain health. In a series of experiments reported Wednesday in the journal Nature, researchers at Harvard and Rush universities found that depleting lithium in the diet of normal mice caused their brains to develop inflammation and changes associated with accelerated ageing. In mice that were specially bred to develop the same kinds of brain changes as humans with Alzheimer's disease, a low-lithium diet revved the buildup of sticky proteins that form plaques and tangles in the brains that are hallmarks of the disease. It also sped up memory loss. Maintaining normal lithium levels in mice as they aged, however, protected them from brain changes associated with Alzheimer's. If further research supports the findings, it could open the door to new treatments and diagnostic tests for Alzheimer's, which affects an estimated 6.7 million older adults in the United States, according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. The research provides a unifying theory that helps explain so many of the puzzle pieces scientists have been trying to fit together for decades. "It is a potential candidate for a common mechanism leading to the multisystem degeneration of the brain that precedes dementia," said Dr. Bruce Yankner, a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, who led the study. "It will take a lot more science to determine whether this is a common pathway ... or one of several pathways," to Alzheimer's, he added. "The data are very intriguing." In an editorial published in Nature, Dr. Ashley Bush, a neuroscientist who directs the Melbourne Dementia Research Centre at the University of Melbourne in Australia, said the researchers "present compelling evidence that lithium does in fact have a physiological role and that normal ageing might impair the regulation of lithium levels in the brain." He was not involved in the study. Close examination of human and animal brain tissues, along with genetic investigations in the study, found the mechanism that appears to be at play: Beta amyloid plaques - the sticky deposits that gum up the brains of Alzheimer's patients - bind to lithium and hold it, including the type that's normally present in the body, as well as the commonly prescribed form. This binding depletes lithium available for nearby cells, including important scavengers known as microglia. When the brain is healthy and functioning normally, microglia are waste managers, clearing away beta amyloid before it can accumulate and can cause harm. In the team's experiments, microglia from the brains of lithium-deficient mice showed a reduced ability to sweep away and break down beta amyloid. Yankner believes this creates a downward spiral. The accumulation of beta amyloid soaks up more and more lithium, further crippling the brain's ability to clear it away. He and his colleagues tested different lithium compounds and found one - lithium orotate - that doesn't bind to amyloid beta. When they gave lithium orotate to mice with signs of Alzheimer's in their brains, these changes reversed: Beta amyloid plaques and tangles of tau that were choking the memory centres of the brain were reduced. Mice treated with lithium were once again able to navigate mazes and learn to identify new objects, whereas those who got placebos showed no change in their memory and thinking deficits. In its natural form, lithium is an element, a soft, silvery-white metal that readily combines with other elements to form compounds and salts. It's naturally present in the environment, including in food and water. Scientists have never fully known how it works to improve mood - only that it does. The original formula for 7Up soda included lithium - it was called 7Up Lithiated Lemon Soda - and touted as a hangover cure and mood lifter "for hospital or home use." Some hot springs known to contain mineral water brimming with lithium became sought out wellness destinations for their curative powers. Still, people who take prescription doses of lithium - which were much higher than the doses used in the new study - can sometimes develop thyroid or kidney toxicity. Tests of the mice given low doses of lithium orotate showed no signs of damage. That's encouraging, Yankner said, but it doesn't mean people should try to take lithium supplements on their own. "A mouse is not a human. Nobody should take anything based just on mouse studies," Yankner said. "The lithium treatment data we have is in mice, and it needs to be replicated in humans. We need to find the right dose in humans," he added. The normal amounts of lithium in our bodies, and the concentrations given to the mice, are small - about 1000 times lower than doses given to treat bipolar disorder, Yankner notes. Yankner said he hoped toxicity trials of lithium salts would start soon. Neither he nor any of his co-authors have a financial interest in the outcome of the research, he said. The National Institutes of Health was the major funder of the study, along with grants from private foundations. "NIH support was absolutely critical for this work," Yankner said. The new research corroborates earlier studies hinting that lithium might be important for Alzheimer's. A large Danish study published in 2017 found people with higher levels of lithium in their drinking water were less likely to be diagnosed with dementia compared with those whose tap water contained naturally lower lithium levels. Another large study published in 2022 from the United Kingdom found that people prescribed lithium were about half as likely has those in a control group to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's, suggesting a protective effect of the drug. But lithium's use in psychiatry caused it to become type cast as therapeutic, Yankner said. No one realized it might be important to the body's normal physiology. That happened in part because the amounts of lithium that typically circulate in the body are so small, they couldn't be quantified until recently. Yankner and his team had to adapt new technology to measure it. In the first stage of the research, the scientists tested the brain tissue and blood of older patients collected by the brain bank at Rush University for trace levels of 27 metals. Some of the patients had no history of memory trouble, while others had early memory decline and pronounced Alzheimer's. While there was no change in the levels of most metals they measured, lithium was an exception. Lithium levels were consistently lower in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's compared to those with normal brain function. The brains of patients Alzheimer's disease also showed increased levels of zinc and decreased levels of copper, something scientists had observed before. Consistently finding lower lithium levels in the brains of people with memory loss amounted to a smoking gun, Yankner said. "At first, frankly, we were sceptical of the result because it wasn't expected," said Yankner. But it held up even when they checked samples from other brain banks at Massachusetts General Hospital, Duke and Washington universities. "We wanted to know whether this drop in lithium was biologically meaningful, so we devised an experimental protocol where we could take lithium selectively out of the diet of mice and see what happens," Yankner said. When they fed the mice a low-lithium diet, simply dropping their natural levels by 50 percent, their brains rapidly developed features of Alzheimer's. "The neurons started to degenerate. The immune cells in the brain went wild in terms of increased inflammation and worse maintenance function of the neurons around them, and it looked more like an advanced Alzheimer patient," Yankner said. The team also found the gene expression profiles of lithium-deficient mice and people who had Alzheimer's disease looked very similar. The researchers then started to look at how this drop in lithium might occur. Yankner said in the earliest stages there's a decrease in the uptake of lithium in the brain from the blood. They don't yet know exactly how or why it happens, but it's likely to be from a variety of things including reduced dietary intake, as well as genetic and environmental factors. The major source of lithium for most people is their diet. Some of the foods that have the most lithium are leafy green vegetables, nuts, legumes and some spices like turmeric and cumin. Some mineral waters are also rich sources. In other words, Yankner said, a lot of the foods that have already proven to be healthy and reduce a person's risk of dementia may be beneficial because of their lithium content. "You know, oftentimes one finds in science that things may have an effect, and you think you know exactly why, but then subsequently turn out to be completely wrong about why," he said. -CNN

‘Worst-case scenario of famine' unfolding in Gaza, UN-backed group says
‘Worst-case scenario of famine' unfolding in Gaza, UN-backed group says

RNZ News

time29-07-2025

  • RNZ News

‘Worst-case scenario of famine' unfolding in Gaza, UN-backed group says

By Nadeen Ebrahim , CNN Six-month-old Jouri Abu Haja in the nutrition ward at Al-Awda Hospital in Nuseirat, central Gaza, on 22 July, 2025, suffering chronic illness and severe malnutrition. Photo: Moiz Salhi / Middle East Images via AF A UN-backed food security agency has warned that "the worst case scenario of famine" is unfolding in Gaza, its starkest alert yet as starvation spreads and Israel faces growing international pressure to allow more food into the territory. "Conflict and displacement have intensified, and access to food and other essential items and services has plummeted to unprecedented levels," the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) said in an alert, adding that "mounting evidence shows that widespread starvation, malnutrition, and disease are driving a rise in hunger-related deaths." The IPC said that the alert is intended to "draw urgent attention to the rapidly deteriorating humanitarian situation" but doesn't constitute a formal classification of famine. "Given the most recent information and data made available, a new IPC analysis is to be conducted without delay," it added. More than 20,000 children were admitted for treatment for acute malnutrition between April and mid-July, the IPC said, with more than 3,000 severely malnourished. "Latest data indicates that famine thresholds have been reached for food consumption in most of the Gaza Strip and for acute malnutrition in Gaza City," the alert said, calling for "immediate action" to end the hostilities and allow for "unimpeded, large-scale, life-saving humanitarian response." In May, the IPC reported that the enclave's entire population was experiencing "high levels of acute food security" and the territory was at "high risk" of famine, the most severe type of hunger crisis. Israel has come under mounting pressure by the international community to break its blockade, allow aid into Gaza and end the war. In some of his strongest remarks on the crisis, US President Donald Trump on Monday said there is "real starvation" in Gaza , contradicting earlier statements by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who insists there is no starvation. "That's real starvation stuff," Trump told reporters in Turnberry, Scotland. "I see it, and you can't fake that. So, we're going to be even more involved." Trump added that the United States will set up "food centers" in Gaza to address the crisis. A Palestinian woman carries a bag of food on her head in the al-Mawasi camp in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip. Photo: AFP Vice President JD Vance also lamented images coming out of the besieged territory. "I don't know if you've all seen these images. You have got some really, really heartbreaking cases. You've got little kids who are clearly starving to death," Vance told reporters Monday during a visit to Canton, Ohio. "Israel's got to do more to let that aid in," he said, adding that "we've also got to wage war on Hamas so that those folks stop preventing food from coming into this territory." Over the weekend, Israel announced a daily "tactical pause in military activity" in three areas of Gaza to enable more aid to reach people. The military said the move would "refute the false claim of deliberate starvation in the Gaza Strip." Israel has also allowed foreign countries to airdrop aid into the territory , but the practice has in the past been deemed by the UN and other aid groups as costly, dangerous and insufficient. Meanwhile, the health ministry in Gaza said on Tuesday that more than 60,000 Palestinians have been killed in the territory since Israel's war on Hamas began nearly two years ago. The ministry reported that 113 people were killed in the past 24 hours, bringing the death toll to 60,034. The announcement comes as hopes dim for a ceasefire anytime soon, after talks broke up last week without an agreement. The war began after Hamas' October 7, 2023 attack on Israel killed around 1,200 people and saw another roughly 250 people taken hostage. Authorities in Gaza do not distinguish between civilians and Hamas fighters when reporting casualty figures, but the health ministry and the UN say the majority of deaths are women and children. And the true toll could be much higher, with many thousands still believed to be buried under rubble. Israel does not dispute that a significant number of Palestinian civilians have been killed in its war in Gaza. But it has long argued that figures from the Hamas-controlled health ministry are exaggerated, and that Hamas embeds itself between civilians, using them as "human shields." On Monday, a pair of leading Israeli human rights groups accused Israel of "committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza," becoming the first such organizations to make the claim. B'Tselem said it came to that "unequivocal conclusion" after an "examination of Israel's policy in the Gaza Strip and its horrific outcomes, together with statements by senior Israeli politicians and military commanders about the goals of the attack." A second Israeli group, Physicians for Human Rights Israel (PHRI), announced it was joining B'Tselem in calling Israel's actions in Gaza genocide. It published a separate legal and medical analysis documenting what it called "deliberate and systematic extermination of the health system in Gaza." sraeli government spokesman David Mencer dismissed the report. "We have free speech in this country but we strongly reject this claim," he told reporters, adding that Israel has allowed aid into Gaza. *CNN's Eyad Kourdi, DJ Judd and Ivana Kottasová contributed reporting. - CNN

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