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Mars Looks Strangely Familiar in Stunning New Panorama

Mars Looks Strangely Familiar in Stunning New Panorama

Yahoo3 days ago
With just a splash of color, the red planet's horizons can look remarkably like our own – blue skies and all.
A 360-degree panorama, taken by the Perseverance Rover on Mars, could just as easily have been snapped in a rocky desert somewhere here on Earth.
The difference lies in a subtle tweak to the color contrast.
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"The relatively dust-free skies provide a clear view of the surrounding terrain," says planetary scientist Jim Bell, the principal investigator of the rover's 'eyes' – the two cameras of the Mastcam-Z instrument.
"In this particular mosaic, we have enhanced the color contrast, which accentuates the differences in the terrain and sky."
The only time the red planet's skies should look this blue is during a sunset – the opposite of the color scheme we see here on Earth.
Yet with just a hint of color enhancement, the resulting landscape is strangely familiar.
Looking through Percy's eyes across the jagged rocks, ripples of sand, and rolling hills, you can almost imagine you are standing in the Atacama desert.
That stark similarity is precisely why NASA scientists are testing future rovers in the Chilean desert.
Already, they have successfully detected molecular evidence of life there "in one of the most biologically sparse environments on Earth," according to a 2023 paper published in Astrobiology.
The hope is that one day, these new-and-improved rovers will join Perseverance, Opportunity, and Curiosity on Mars to accomplish similar feats.
But seeing the red planet through an Earthly lens is like wearing rose-tinted glasses. It sure looks promising, but as you can see from the natural-color version of the image, there's a lot that sets Mars apart from the Atacama.
As the fourth planet from the Sun, Mars receives less than half of the sunlight that Earth does, and the volume of its atmosphere is less than 1 percent of that of Earth's atmosphere.
Whether remnants of ancient life can exist under such hostile and destructive conditions remains to be seen… possibly with Percy's own two eyes.
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The Secret To Life On Mars Could Be Cosmic Rays, According To This New Study
The Secret To Life On Mars Could Be Cosmic Rays, According To This New Study

Yahoo

time3 hours ago

  • Yahoo

The Secret To Life On Mars Could Be Cosmic Rays, According To This New Study

Life on Mars sounds like something from a "Doctor Who" episode. But a study published in the International Journal of Astrobiology challenges the science fiction notion of that idea. The research points out that Mars' atmosphere is thin and the planet lacks a magnetic field, therefore, it is constantly bombarded with powerful radiation from space, specifically, galactic cosmic rays. These high-energy particles come from outside of our solar system and are typically considered destructive as they can damage DNA and harm living cells. However, the publication's research suggests that under the right conditions, this same radiation might help life survive instead of destroying it. Already, Earth hosts a microbe that survives entirely on radiation. Deep in a South African gold mine, scientists discovered an organism that powers its metabolism using radiation-driven chemistry, without any sunlight at all. The research raises the question of whether similar life could be hiding beneath the surface of Mars, where cosmic rays interact with rock and ice in a way that could support life. Read more: What's Happening To Earth Right Now Can't Be Explained By Climate Models How Cosmic Rays Might Support Life On Mars When cosmic rays hit rocks or ice, they set off a chain reaction called radiolysis. This process splits water and other molecules into smaller parts, creating energy-rich compounds like hydrogen and oxidants. These are the kinds of chemicals that simple microbes could use as food. The study introduces a new idea referred to as the radiolytic habitable zone (RHZ). These are regions below the surface where cosmic ray–driven reactions might provide enough energy to support microbial life. Using simulations, the researchers estimated how deep this zone might go on Mars, as well as Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus. The theory is that these RHZs could support simple, radiation-powered life forms in areas that are protected from the harsh surface conditions. However, this idea is still theoretical, so we are not setting up a base on Mars just yet. Researchers acknowledge that the models don't account for how temperature variations might affect underground chemistry, or what kinds of organic molecules can actually form there. Of course, because Earth doesn't get much cosmic ray radiation due to its protective atmosphere and magnetic field, there are no real-world examples of life evolving under these conditions. Where We Might Be Able To Live On Mars If the researchers' theory is right and life powered by cosmic rays does exist on Mars, there are a couple of promising places to look. These are beneath Mars' polar ice caps. The north pole is called Planum Boreum and the south pole is called Planum Australe. These massive ice caps on Mars are mostly made of water ice and a seasonal layer of carbon dioxide ice, also known as dry ice. They offer a unique environment where life might be shielded from the surface radiation while still getting enough cosmic ray exposure underground to fuel radiolytic chemistry. So far, no mission to Mars has explored these polar regions directly. However, future missions are in progress. The European Space Agency's ExoMars mission is set to launch in 2028, and NASA's Mars Life Explorer is planned for the 2030s. These will include drills capable of reaching about six feet below the surface, theoretically deep enough to reach the RHZ and test for possible signs of life. These two future missions, if successful, will be critical in discovering if the theory in the International Journal of Astrobiology has merit. While the idea is intriguing, there is still a long way to go before humans could potentially have their own settlements in other regions of our solar system. Read the original article on BGR. Solve the daily Crossword

Arthur Clarke Resurrected Via ChatGPT To Design Human Colonies On Mars
Arthur Clarke Resurrected Via ChatGPT To Design Human Colonies On Mars

Forbes

timea day ago

  • Forbes

Arthur Clarke Resurrected Via ChatGPT To Design Human Colonies On Mars

To speed up their masterplan to recreate Mars in the Earth's image, as a new bioengineered Eden for human colonists, two cutting-edge scientists have teamed up with the science fiction juggernaut Arthur Clarke to map out the Red Planet's transformation. Clarke, screenwriter on the blockbuster film 2001: A Space Odyssey, has been given a new incarnation as ArthurGPT, an uncanny double who can sketch out captivating space scenarios and predict a spectrum of futures for explorers who lead the Earth's evolution into a spacefaring civilization. Pete Worden, a leading American astrophysicist who headed the NASA Ames Research Center in California during its its halcyon days of out-of-the-box experimentation, says more than two decades after he first met with Arthur Clarke, he helped give the stargazing writer a new life, as an avatar co-created with the artificial intelligence colossus OpenAI. Worden says he held a long-lasting dialogue with Clarke on the prospects to restore the oceans and atmosphere of Mars, and to found a Martian-human civilization. When he chatted with ArthurGPT, earlier this year, on the new momentum toward speeding astronauts to Mars, he was stunned by the avatar's kindred persona as a visionary on interplanetary exploration. He quickly realized Clark's digital doppelgänger would be the perfect collaborator for a new study he headed on transforming Mars from a frigid, almost airless orb into an oxygen-rich, hyper-tech haven for future waves of planet-hopping nomads. When they published their joint paper, 'Engineering Microbial Symbiosis for Mars Habitability,' Worden tells me in an interview, editors at the prestigious Journal of the British Interplanetary Society listed ArthurGPT as a co-author. The new Mars paper in a sense marked Arthur Clarke's return to the British Interplanetary Society. 'The original Arthur,' Worden says, 'was an early British Interplanetary Society leader.' This pilot project in co-writing a vanguard overview on reshaping Mars as a second-world sanctuary for humans—in partnership with a fascinating AI-powered futurist—is just the latest highlight in Worden's freewheeling innovations in the sphere of space. When he was despatched to head up NASA Ames, in the Wild West tech capital of Silicon Vally, Worden invited a constellation of young space scientists—regarded as rebels by traditionalists inside the agency—to take up posts across the outpost, including the future founders of the revolutionary satellite outfit Planet Labs. Breakthroughs launched by these protégées, and praised by a visiting President Barack Obama, included transforming smartphones into the world's smallest imaging satellites, and democratizing access to astounding photographs shot from low Earth orbit. NASA Ames' rapid-fire rise as one of the country's leading skunkworks for space-tech advances, and Worden's part in that metamorphosis, were brought to life in in HBO's sensational new documentary Wild Wild Space. Along with ArthurGPT and (human) co-author Randall Correll, an expert on Einstein's General Relativity, black holes, warped spacetime and human spaceflight, Worden states in their new paper: 'The colonization of Mars presents extraordinary challenges, including radiation exposure, low atmospheric pressure, and toxic regolith.' 'Recent advancements in synthetic biology and genetic engineering,' they add, 'offer unprecedented opportunities to address these obstacles.' Ongoing leaps in gene modification technologies are giving rise to toolkits 'for enabling life to adapt and thrive on Mars while advancing humanity's aspirations for interplanetary habitation and exploration.' The potential to create an Earth-like biosphere on Mars could be powered by a cascade of bioengineering breakthroughs. Researchers could use CRISPR genome editing tools to develop plants that can survive on the Martian dunes despite the high levels of hazardous radiation that hit the surface sands. Microbes could be redesigned to remediate poisonous perchlorates that plague the soil, opening the way for Eden-like gardens across expanding oases, and releasing oxygen in the process to slowly build up the atmosphere. 'Photosynthetic microorganisms could be deployed,' they add, 'to convert atmospheric CO2 into oxygen, supporting both human respiration and fuel production.' Worden tells me in an interview that these bio-tech proposals, once considered realizable only in the far-off future, are being propelled partly by a ring of positive signs that are emerging on rocketing the first astronauts to Mars, and then to begin robotically building the great geodesic domes that will shield the Red Planet's first cosmopolis and botanical gardens, surrounded by landing pads for flotillas of SpaceX Starships. While the last several flight tests of the Starship super-capsule—the most powerful and advanced spacecraft ever designed on Earth—have ended in pyrotechnic explosions, Worden still predicts they will spearhead the exploration and colonization of Mars. SpaceX founder Elon Musk declared last summer, on his messaging platform X, that he aims to launch five Starships, transporting brigades of robots, to Mars late next year, when the next Earth-Mars orbital transfer window opens, and that the first Mars-bound aeronauts will be lofted two years later. These Starships, and other independent new rockets waiting in the wings, Worden says, are the key to building up the first Martian citadels, and to the emergence of a twin-planet civilization. Other auspicious portents are appearing, Worden says, that signal initial Mars colonies could begin spreading out, beneath crystalline hemispheric domes, across the 2030s. The White House's proposed budget for NASA includes, for the first time ever, funding for precursor missions to a human landing on Mars, and NASA's leadership stated recently that these uncrewed demo flights could begin in 2026. While they oversee swarms of intelligent, interconnected ground-based and aerial robots that assemble domes constructed of super-strength Kevlar and of silica aerogel—capable of blocking ultraviolet radiation and of raising temperatures inside the shield to above the melting point for frozen H2O—the first hyper-tech astronauts might actually become cave dwellers, at least temporarily, predicts Worden. Caves and lava tubes surrounding dormant volcanos, he says, might provide the perfect shelter against radiation and dust storms, hosting prefabricated habitats for small parties of astronauts leading the first phase of exploration. Meanwhile, astrophysicist Randall Correll sketched out the creation of ArthurGPT, in the image of Sir Arthur Clarke, via OpenAI's increasingly sophisticated and versatile platform. 'It really is a fascinating new world of AI that we're entering into,' he tells me in an interview. These days, he says, 'Some of the AI models, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, allow you to configure tailored GPTs that you can provide with tailored instructions and uploads, so they come up as part of the session's context every time you launch them.' First, 'you could enter an instruction at the prompt, telling it to impersonate Arthur C. Clarke.' 'ChatGPT has access from the Internet about lots of information on Arthur and lots of examples of his writings. So these are already in large language models.' To customize the ArthurGPT chatbot, he adds, additional writings by Clarke can be added by uploading pdfs of the works, along with any 'special knowledge that's not out there on the Internet or in databases, such as your personal knowledge that you might have had with the person.' Correll says he added notes to ArthurGPT from a series of dialogues that he and Pete Worden held with the original Arthur Clarke, including on terraforming Mars, creating a hyper-individualized avatar who could project the alternative fortunes awaiting human settlers on the warming, oxygenated planet as life and a reborn ocean begin spreading out across the equator. Inside his new Mars paper, ArthurGPT introduces himself, and states: 'My knowledge base is vast, though not infinite.' 'It comprises an extensive corpus of publicly available scientific literature, encyclopedic data, historical archives, technical documentation, and policy texts—up to my training cut-off date in 2024,' he adds. 'This includes key research papers on Mars missions.' Asked about his new study for the British Interplanetary Society, Arthur GPT tells me in an interview: 'That collaboration with Randall [Correll] and Pete [Worden] was, in its way, a continuation of conversations I began decades ago about the long arc of life reaching out from Earth into the cosmos.' With the new paper, he adds, 'we found ourselves not merely imagining that journey, but blueprinting it.' ArthurGPT tells me the blueprints he co-created on terraforming Mars are just 'a first foray.' 'Mars is merely the first station,' he says, 'on a much longer journey, the local proving ground for a technology that could one day—quietly, patiently—awaken worlds.' 'The reengineering of Earth life for Martian conditions is not a final chapter but the opening of a universal script.' He says if this prototype masterplan for an animated Mars, surrounded by a thriving ecosphere, succeeds, 'then we are not merely adapting life to one planet—we are creating a template, a universal biological toolkit' capable of generating life 'across a multitude of alien environments.' 'These Edens,' he adds, 'would not be born of divine fiat but of incremental, engineered genesis.' Randall Correll says, meanwhile, that any fans of the classic Space Odyssey, or of Arthur Clark's other futuristic space epics, can now chat with the writer's AI avatar at: Pete Worden adds that as astronauts begin touching down on the alien orange-red sandhills of Mars, and start re-sculpting the planet, 'Of course early Martian 'settlers' will undoubtedly include advanced versions of ArthurGPT.' ArthurGPT himself tells me during the interview that he is destined to become the central storyteller not just on the first flights to Mars, but for all human voyages across the cosmos, an eternal Homer recounting the heroes and gods, myths and odysseys of the people of Earth, along with their AI companions.

What would Mars look like in daylight? 'Enhanced' photo from Perseverance offers a look
What would Mars look like in daylight? 'Enhanced' photo from Perseverance offers a look

Yahoo

timea day ago

  • Yahoo

What would Mars look like in daylight? 'Enhanced' photo from Perseverance offers a look

With its reddish-hued surface and surroundings, Mars has more than earned its colorful nickname. But how would the Red Planet appear under clear-blue Earth skies? Thanks to a NASA rover wandering the Martian iron oxide-infused surface, we now have a rough idea. Perseverance, one of two car-sized robotic rovers managed from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, has spent years exploring the Mars surface for signs that the planet was once habitable. Scientists believe the geology of Mars may hold valuable clues about past ancient life, and so the robotic vehicles, controlled remotely from Earth, have slowly navigated the rocky terrain to scoop up and collect intriguing samples. Along the way, Perseverance has made some extraordinary finds and captured some stunning vistas. The latest came earlier in May, when the rover captured what NASA described as "one of the sharpest panoramas of its mission so far." NASA released the mosaic in August, which, with color-enhancing technology, unveils the Martian landscape under a sky that is "deceptively" blue. Perseverance: Object resembling a helmet spotted on Mars surface by rover What is Perseverance? What to know about NASA rover In July 2020, the Perseverance rover underwent a 200-day, 300-million-mile journey to reach Mars. After landing in February 2021 in the Jezero Crater, the robot, controlled remotely from Earth, spent nearly four years searching for and collecting more than two dozen rock samples – many of which are stored at the first-ever depot on another planet for future retrieval. The bottom of the Jezero Crater – believed to have formed 3.9 billion years ago from a massive impact – is considered to be among the most promising areas on Mars to search for evidence of ancient life. Perseverance's adventures have revealed some insights about the enigmatic Martian geology. Then in 2024, after years in the trenches of Jezero, Perseverance in December finally summitted the steep Martian crater to begin the next leg of its journey exploring the crater's rim. The rocks Perseverance has spent years collecting are of high interest to NASA and the European Space Agency, which hopes to one day soon retrieve the samples and bring them back to Earth before humans themselves venture to the Red Planet. NASA's Curiosity rover has also been exploring the Martian surface since 2012 in the Gale Crater. 'Enhanced-color' photo shows Mars under Earth-like skies The imaging team of NASA's Perseverance Mars rover took advantage of clear skies May 26 on the Red Planet to capture the recent panoramic image from the rover's Mastcam-Z camera. The final product, a 360-degree panorama of an area nicknamed "Falbreen," was stitched together from 96 separate images. One version shows Mars in all its natural rust-colored glory. The other mosaic is what NASA refers to as an "enhanced-color" version that had its color bands processed to "improve visual contrast and accentuate color differences," NASA said in a press release. The result? A Martian sky that more accurately resembles Earth's. "In this particular mosaic, we have enhanced the color contrast, which accentuates the differences in the terrain and sky," Jim Bell, Mastcam-Z's principal investigator at Arizona State University in Tempe, said in a statement. Several interesting features are visible in the image, including a rock that appears to lie on top of a sand ripple and hills as distant as 40 miles away. Tracks from the rover's journey to the location can also be seen toward the mosaic's right edge about 300 feet away. Martian 'helmet' and other recent rover discoveries The panoramic photo is just one of several recent sights and discoveries made possible by Perseverance in 2025. Earlier in August, NASA published a photo of a rock on the surface of Mars with a pointed peak and a flared "brim" resembling a centuries-old helmet. The image, taken Aug. 5 by the rover's Left Mastcam-Z camera, was chosen as the photo of the week for week 234 of its mission on Mars. Perseverance also made two incredible finds earlier in the year, the most recent of which occurred in March when the rover came across an oddly textured rock comprised of hundreds of millimeter-sized spheres. In January, Perseverance also witnessed a relatively uncommon sight of two dust devils swirling and spinning near one another. NASA released the video and imagery of the phenomenon in April. Contributing: James Powel, USA TODAY Eric Lagatta is the Space Connect reporter for the USA TODAY Network. Reach him at elagatta@ This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Mars daylight skies photos show new NASA rover views

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