Baltic nations switch off Russian power grid in ‘victory for freedom'
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania – all former Soviet republics now in the European Union and Nato – had wanted to block Russia's ability to geopolitically blackmail them via the electricity system.
Zygimantas Vaiciunas, Lithuania's energy minister, told AFP on Saturday: 'We have removed any theoretical possibility of Russia using energy [grid] control as a weapon.'
Kaja Kallas, the EU foreign policy chief and Estonia's former prime minister, hailed the grid switch as 'a victory for freedom and European unity'.
Mr Vaiciunas said the Baltic states had completed the disconnection process at 9.09 local time (07.09 GMT) on Saturday.
'We have been waiting for this moment for a long time,' he told reporters, after speaking with his Estonian and Latvian counterparts.
'The energy system of the Baltic states is finally in our own hands. We are in control,' he added of the 'historic' moment.
Official celebrations are planned across the Baltics. Authorities are on guard for any potential cyber-attacks linked to the grid switch.
Latvia will physically cut a power line to Russia later today and Ursula von der Leyen, the European Commission president, is expected to attend a ceremony with Baltic leaders in Vilnius on Sunday.
The Baltics have long prepared to integrate with the European grid but they have faced technological and financial issues.
The switch became more urgent after Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, which spooked the Baltic states into thinking that they could be targeted.
They stopped purchasing Russian gas and electricity after the invasion but their power grids remained connected to Russia and Belarus, controlled from Moscow.
This left them dependent on Moscow for a stable electricity flow, which is crucial for factories and facilities requiring a reliable power supply.
The Baltic states will operate in 'isolated mode' for about 24 hours to test their frequency, or power levels, according to Litgrid, Lithuania's state-run grid operator, before they integrate with the European grid on Sunday.
Rokas Masiulis., the Litgrid head, previously said: 'We need to carry out some tests to assure Europe that we are a stable energy system.
'We'll switch power stations on and off, observe how the frequency fluctuates and assess our ability to control it.'
The states will then integrate into the European power grid via Poland.
Authorities have warned of potential risks linked to the change.
Lithuania's state security department told AFP: 'Various short-term risks are possible, such as kinetic operations against critical infrastructure, cyber-attacks and disinformation campaigns.'
Poland's power grid operator PSE had said it would use helicopters and drones to patrol the connection with Lithuania.
Edgars Rinkevics, the Latvian president, told LTV1 that the countries could not 'rule out possible provocations'.
In Estonia, police and volunteer defence corps will man critical electrical infrastructure until next weekend because of the risk of sabotage.
Several undersea telecom and power cables have been severed in the Baltic Sea in recent months. Some experts and politicians have accused Russia of waging a hybrid war, an allegation that Moscow denies.
A total of €1.6 billion euros ($1.7 billion) – mostly EU funds – have been invested in the synchronisation project across the Baltic states and Poland.
Gitanas Nauseda, the Lithuanian president, was sure that the switch would go smoothly, telling reporters: 'People won't feel it, either in terms of their bills or any inconvenience.'
Estonia's climate ministry urged everyone to carry on as usual as 'the more regular and predictable the behaviour... the easier it is to manage the power grid'.
But some consumers are worried about power cuts and home improvement stores in Estonia noted a sharp increase in sales of generators.
After the Baltic decoupling, the energy system in the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad will lose its grid connection to mainland Russia.
Kaliningrad has been building up power generation capacity for years and Dmitry Peskov, the Kremlin spokesman, dismissed all concerns.
Asked about the cut-off last week, he said: 'We have taken all measures to ensure the uninterrupted reliable operation of our unified energy system.'
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